9 100 2176 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower uses the topos of mating birds as a contrast to the unrequited human lover to set up frameworks for CA and Balade XXV; in Balade XXXIIII [sic], Gower uses Ovid's Ceyx and Alcione story to effect. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Fyler, John M. Published Fyler, John M. Chaucer and Ovid. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1979, pp. 91-92, 177n Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Cinkante Balades Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and Ovid. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This interesting early article on Gower's "In Praise of Peace" begins by summarizing the poem's origins and form, and then moves on to examine the place of the poem in the Gower's evolving reflections on the nature of war and peace. Schlauch asserts that Gower's association of good kingship with a desire for personal and political peace "speaks to us moderns eloquently across the centuries," for "Historical conditions may change, but the desire for peace remains fundamental" (163). Nevertheless, Schlauch points out that Gower's praise of peace has limits, and she cites both the "Vox Clamantis" and the "Confessio Amantis" to point out that Gower identifies but fails to define a just war (165), and that while Book III of the CA appears to condemn wars "in the name of religion" (166), the VC appears to encourage them. The article therefore ends by raising the question of whether Gower's admiration for Henry IV leads to this ambiguity in spite of his recognition of the "fundamental importance of peace for mankind as a whole" (167). [NG. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schlauch, Margaret. Published Schlauch, Margaret. "On John Gower's Poem in Praise of Peace." Acta Philologica 9 (1979): 161-67. Gower Subject In Praise of Peace Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On John Gower's Poem in Praise of Peace. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Burke argues that the sources of the tale of "King, Wine, Woman, and Truth" in Book 7 of the CA have never been accurately identified, that Gower's artistry is evident in his additions to the tale, and that the story provides "a striking example of the sympathetic attitude toward women which pervades the Confessio as a whole" (3). While Macaulay was right about seeing 3 Esdras 3-4 as the source of the same story in the MO, the CA version is said to be borrowed from a "Cronique" (4). Burke suggests that Gower was actually influenced by four "Croniques" that tell the story (ranging from Josephus' Jewish Antiquities to Vincent of Beauvais' Speculum Historiale). Details that demonstrate Gower's indebtedness to these texts include the different characterization of Darius and the changed sequence of replies to the central question of the tale. However, Gower also adds new insights. His sources include a rather "pejorative description of king, wine, and woman" that is vividly contrasted to "the overwhelming superiority of truth, which is virtually equated with God" (8). Gower does not remove these negative opinions, but "he interweaves the theme of possible beneficence" (8). The king, for instance, can wreak havoc with his great power, but he is also described "in medieval Christian terms as the divinely ordained ruler of society" (9). Similarly, the power of a woman can mollify a tyrant, even as it may corrupt a good king. Gower's treatment of Alceste in particular shows that "Gower is much more sympathetic to women than his sources" (14). The major difference, then, is that for Gower "all three worldly goods are powerful insofar as they conform with truth" (15). Even truth, however, has changed, for instead of equating truth with God, Gower "plays on the double meaning of 'trouthe' in Middle English" (14). Since one of these meanings is "fidelity," the CA teaches that by "practicing the virtue of truth on the personal and social levels, human beings may share in the indomitable power of the absolute truth" (14-15). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Burke, Linda Barney Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Published Burke, Linda Barney. "The Sources and Significance of the 'Tale of King, Wine, Woman, and Truth' in John Gower's Confessio Amantis." Greyfriar 21 (1980), pp. 3-15. ISSN 0533-2869 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource The Sources and Significance of the 'Tale of King, Wine, Woman, and Truth' in John Gower's Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Burnley takes up the question whether the medieval phrase "fine amor" is a proper substitute for "courtly love," given the controversial reception of the latter term after Gaston Paris popularized it in 1883. Burnley samples a wide range of medieval uses of "fine amor." References to Gower occur on pages 133, 135, 141, and 144-47. Burnley argues that in the MO Gower generally refers to "fine amor" in relation to Christian charity and fellow feeling. In Gower's Balades, on the other hand, the term "seems to refer to sexual love" (144). However, in keeping with the common medieval view that "fine amor" is love that is pure, refined, and loyal, the love of the Balades remains a "virtuous secular love" (145). The Middle English equivalent for Gower would be "honeste love" (147). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Burnley, J. D Published Burnley, J. D. "'Fine Amor': Its Meaning and Context." Review of English Studies 31.2 (1980), pp. 129-148. ISSN 0034-6551 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Cinkante Balades Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Fine Amor': Its Meaning and Context Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Green frequently refers to Gower in arguing that the literature of late medieval England is less influenced by a rising middle class than by the patronage of the royal court. For instance, Green uses Gower's initial dedication of the CA to Richard II to suggest that royal commissions of literary works may have been commonplace (62). The same claim is made for regiment of princes material (like Book 7 of the CA). Indeed, according to Green, Gower "is a moralist who does little to hide the fact that the fortunes of the state interest him more than the fortunes of love's servants" (143). Gower's interest in the affairs of state is particularly evident in the CrT. The CrT's propagandist support of Henry IV provides a good example of "the potential value which a literary reputation might have for those in the service of astute princes" (179). However, Gower was not "cynically backing a winning horse" (180) when he switched his allegiance from Richard to Henry in the early 1390's. In addition, Gower was financially secure and did not need to write the CrT for monetary reasons. Green concludes, "There is, thus, little in Gower's work to suggest that his espousal of Henry's cause was merely the dutiful act of a loyal servant, and still less to lead us to suppose that he was a cynical timeserver writing to order" (182). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Green, Richard Firth Published Green, Richard Firth. "Poets and Princepleasers: Literature and the English Court in the Late Middle Ages." Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Cronica Tripertita Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Poets and Princepleasers: Literature and the English Court in the Late Middle Ages Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Toronto Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Minnis argues that in the CA Gower takes on the role of "sapiens" (wise man) in ethics and politics (two overlapping disciplines), and that "this role enables us to appreciate the essential unity of the diverse materials in his work." Minnis first points out that Gower's debt to the moralized Ovid of the Middle Ages explains the ethical framework of his exempla about love. For instance, from the commentaries on Ovid's Heroides, Gower borrows the idea that "exempla amantium" should juxtapose the fates of good and chaste lovers with the misfortunes of foolish and illicit lovers. By contrast, Chaucer's LGW is unusual in that all the stories figure good women. In his exempla, Gower sometimes widens the moral character of the Medieval Ovid (for instance, in his stories of Penelope and Phyllis, which he uses to illustrate Sloth), and he always treats the virtues and sins of the lover as Christian virtues and sins (214). Gower's role as "sapiens" is also evident in Book 7, which Minnis argues is closely integrated with the surrounding books. For instance, Book 6 introduces Aristotle in the story of Nectanabus, thus providing a smooth segue to an overview of Aristotle's teachings. In addition, Book 7 ends with a discussion of "the political virtue of chastity" (217), which reveals the close connection between kingly rule and self-rule. The relevance of the Prologue to the CA is explained in connection with the medieval classicizing commentaries on the Sapiential Books of the Old Testament. These suggested a significant overlap between Solomonic and Aristotelian wisdom, introduced and organized this wisdom by means of an extrinsic and intrinsic prologue, and distinguished between the various personae of the author. All of these features are evident in the CA's Prologue as well. Thus, Gower's heterogeneous materials "would have been regarded as quite compatible by the learned mediaeval reader" (225). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Minnis, A. J Published Minnis, A. J. "John Gower, Sapiens in Ethics and Politics." Medium AEvum 49 (1980), pp. 207-229. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower, Sapiens in Ethics and Politics Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "This dissertation will examine John Gower's 'Confessio Amantis' and illustrate the poem's dominant political theme. In addition, it will suggest the manner by which this political theme is structured through the use of a joined biblical and historical paradigm, and relate the political theme and structure to the courtly and penitential themes which have previously received a large share of attention in Gower studies." [eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Grant, Kenneth B. Published Grant, Kenneth B. "Kingship in John Gower's 'Confessio Amantis'." Ph.D. Diss. Marquette University, 1980. DAI 40: 5045A. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kingship in John Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Exploring why Chaucer set both the Clerk's and the Merchant's tales in Lombardy, Hardman uses Gower's "Mirour de l'Omme" 23233-59 to help show that "knowledge of the tyrants of Lombardy" (172) was widespread, and that both Chaucer and Gower in "Confessio Amantis" VII.3118-19 set tyranny in opposition to pity. Hardman also cites Gower's "large-scale attack on financial abuses through the Lombards" (177) in MO 25432ff. and CA II.2100ff., evidence that the "tyrants of Lombardy seem to have had strong imaginative potential" (178) for Gower as well as for Chaucer. [MA. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hardman, Phillipa. Published Hardman, Phillipa. "Chaucer's Tyrants of Lombardy." Review of English Studies 31.122 (1980): 172-78. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Confession Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Tyrants of Lombardy. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses the manuscript tradition of Gower's English poems, and selects the Fairfax and Stafford MSS of the Confessio Amantis for a fresh examination of the dialect. The results of this examination show that Gower's language combined features of two entirely separate regional dialects, which can each be pinpointed, one in a narrowly delimited area of N. W. Suffolk. This result is then found to tally exactly with external historical evidence concerning the Gower family. The article concludes with a brief discussion of some of the implications the evidence of Gower's mixed dialect has for our understanding of late 14th-century speech patterns in and around London. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 4.2] This socio-linguistic study, based ona new language analysis of readings in the Fairfax and Stratford MSS., discusses the relationships of the MSS. of the Confessio Amantis and In Praise of Peace an concludes it is questionable that Gower's English is that of the court at London or that of Chaucer. Linguistic features isolated here suggest two distinct authorial dialectical strata: N.W. Kentish and S.W. East Anglian (localized in the triangle in S.W. Suffolk bounded by Bury St. Edmunds, Clare, and Lavenham). The study thus suggests the linguistic hypothesis of two separate regional influences in Gower's upbringing. The hypothesis is confirmed by the external fact that Gower's family owned land at Kentwall (within the noted triangle) and at Otford in N.W. Kent. Included are three MS, stemmata and a dialectical map. [Douglas J. McMillan. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 2.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Samuels, M.L Smith, J.J Published Samuels, M.L and Smith, J.J. "The Language of Gower." Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 82 (1981), pp. 295-304. ISSN 0028-3754 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Language of Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Ito takes issue with the "too much stress" C. David Benson places on Gower's use of Guido delle Colonna in the Confession Amantis, and his consequent neglect of the Roman de Troie (see Benson's The History of Troy in Middle English Literature [Totowa, NJ, 1980]). Ito names passages which in his view are drawn from the Roman, and discusses thm for their contribution to the tone and structure of the CA. He adds a coda, in which he speculates as to which manuscript type Gower may have known of the Roman, conclusing that A2 is the most likely. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Masayoshi, Ito Published Masayoshi, Ito. "The Use of the Roman de Troie in the Confessio Amantis." In A Festschrift for Dr. Masuji Hasegawa on His Seventieth Birthday. Ed. UNSPECIFIED. Sendai: Kotoba no Kai, 1981, pp. 175-192. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Use of the Roman de Troie in the Confessio Amantis. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kotoba no Kai, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This is a fairly detailed examination of Gower's adaptations of two tales from Book 3 of Ovid's Metamorphoses in Book 1 of the Confessio Amantis. Gower shortens and simplifies both tales, adapts them to the fourtenth century and to his moral instruction. Gower reduces violence, plays down change (metamorphosis), and tones down the divine nature of the characters. The study finds this typical of Gower's treatment of the twenty-eight tales he uses from Ovid's Metamorphosis. [Douglas J. Macmillan. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 2.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Cresswell, Julia Published Cresswell, Julia. "The Tales of Acteon and Narcissus in the Confession Amantis." Reading Medieval Studies 7 (1981), pp. 32-40. ISSN 0950-3129 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tales of Acteon and Narcissus in the Confession Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Points out that, for Gower in the Confessio Amantis, "to every thing there is a season": Amans' problem is not that he is old--for old age was not a stigma in the Middle Ages--but rather that he fails to act as his age requires. When he at last conforms to behavior proper to his senescence, the poem resolves itslef. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 1.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Mangan, Robert Published Mangan, Robert. "'Loves luste and lockes hore': Medieval Attitudes Towards Aging and Sexuality." Human Values and Aging Newsletter. 4 (1981), pp. 5-6. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Loves luste and lockes hore': Medieval Attitudes Towards Aging and Sexuality. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues the Confessio's Latin prose marginalia and verse headlinks are consciously used by Gower both to comment on and illuminate the English poetry. This mixture of language has some affinity with the Fasciculus Morum tradition, and may be used to clarify some of Gower's stylistic concerns. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 1.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yeager, R.F Published Yeager, R.F. "'our englisshe' and Everyone's Latin: the Fasciculus Morum and Gower's Confessio Amantis." South Atlantic Review 46 (1981), pp. 41-53. ISSN 0277-335X Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'our englisshe' and Everyone's Latin: the Fasciculus Morum and Gower's Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Attempts to be a complete, annotated bibliography of all Goweriana exclusive of manuscripts and dissertations, except in particular cases; contains some errors and omissions. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 1.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yeager, R. F Published Yeager, R.F. "John Gower Materials: A Bibliography Through 1979." New York: Garland, 1981. ISBN 9780824093518 Gower Subject Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower Materials: A Bibliography Through 1979. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Garland, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Original title: Studien zu John Gower (1953). The Book is the only lengthy critical study of Gower's Latin; it attempts to set the Vox Clamantis against the background of his political and religious thinking, and show how formal aspects of the VC reappear in the Confessio Amantis. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 1.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Wickert, Maria Published Wickert, Maria. "Studies in John Gower." Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1981 ISBN 081911992X Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Studies in John Gower. Studien zu John Gower. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Leonard argues that the double vision of comedy (what is versus what should be) is compatible with the doubleness of allegory (literal and allegorical meanings), and explores how Chaucer and related poets (Gower, Dunbar, Douglas, Hawes, Skelton, Spenser, and others) capitalize upon the connection in courtly love poetry. According to Leonard, the comedy of Gower's CA lacks Chaucer's exuberance; both poets agree that the "path to wisdom is outside the Court of Love," but Gower's comedy is "low-keyed because of Gower's apparent mistrust of either ecstasy or depression." Leonard comments on similarities between CA and Dante's "Divine Comedy," on the encyclopedic nature of CA, its digressions, and its confessional mode. She explores the "figurative and literal presence of Christ in the poem," and locates its comedy in only three of the exemplary stories, in Amans's recognition of himself as an Old Man in Venus's mirror, and in Genius's transformation from "encyclopedia to wisdom." This change in Genius from "love-tutor" to "true priest" is what "provides the human comedy of the poem," while Venus's "rise, however temporarily, from the level of cupidity to charity," helps us to "laugh at sin and error" and "find comfort in virtue." Author/Editor Author/Editor Leonard, Frances McNeely Published Leonard, Frances McNeely. "Laughter in the Courts of Love: Comedy in Allegory, from Chaucer to Spenser." Norman, OK: Pilgrim Books, 1981 ISBN 0937664545 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Laughter in the Courts of Love: Comedy in Allegory, from Chaucer to Spenser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pilgrim Books, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "This paper explores an aspect of the traditional conflict between love and Nature on the one hand and reason on the other, in the poetry of Chaucer and Gower. It examines the special circumstances made by legal language and imagery in our awareness of the plight of medieval lovers. Both poets are commpassionately aware that in the irrational state of romantic love 'immortal longings' can be confused with powerful natural impulses; the deluded lover comes to believe that transitory temporal pleasure is transcendent eternal beatitude, and both poets challenge us to consider the essential quality of law and its appropriatness as a metaphoric vehicle for human emotions and physical drives. Legal metaphors for love are common and, on the surface, conventional. This paper attempts to show that they are nonetheless neither dead nor commonplace by examining them i) in the light of medieval theology and philosophy of law and ii) in the light of their frequent juxtaposition with terms recalling the rationality which distinguishes man from the beasts. Beginning with a short passage from each poet which raises essential questions, this paper moves to a short exposition of medieval legal theory and then returns to the poets to explore in more detail the crtical implications of that theory." [Summary by author. JGN 2.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Collins, Marie Published Collins, Marie. "Love, Nature and Law in the Poetry of Gower and Chaucer." In Court and Poet: Selected Proceedings of the Third Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society (Liverpool 1980). Ed. Burgess, Glyn S. ARCA (5). Liverpool: Cairns, 1981, pp. 113-128. ISBN 0905205065 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Love, Nature and Law in the Poetry of Gower and Chaucer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Cairns, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This investigation into Gower's uses of the Secretum Secretorum in Book 7 of the Confessio Amantis focusses on the education of a royal individual, a ruler, with a wise man at his side as seen in the model of Alexander and Aristotle and as seen in Gower and his patron. This Aristotelian "digression" ("Noght in the Registre of Venus," lines 19-20) is seen as more central to Gower's system of thought than is the rest of the Confessio. Other sources are discussed, but the focus is on the first half of Book 7 and on a Latin text of the Secretum. [Douglas J. McMillan. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 2.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Manzalaoui, M.A Published Manzalaoui, M.A. "'Noght in the Registre of Venus': Gower's English Mirror for Princes." In Medieval Studies for J.A.W. Bennett: Aetatis Suae LXX. Ed. Heyworth, P.L. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981, pp. 159-183. ISBN 019812628X Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Noght in the Registre of Venus': Gower's English Mirror for Princes. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Clarendon Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Burrow looks at authorial self-depictions in a selection of late fourteenth-century poets, including--at various lengths--Langland, Cynewulf, Laʒamon, Thomas Malory, Thomas Hoccleve, and William Dunbar. Chaucer and Gower are, however, his greater focus. As a starting point, he looks at the "autobiographical" passage of William Langland's "Piers Plowman" (62), identifying it as the genre of "petition," specifically on the other's behalf. His overall argument is that this genre underlies references in works of this period that are read as "autobiography" since, in his view the latter is not ultimately a late-medieval genre. Chaucer and Gower move the petition form away from overt requests for material support to more subtle poetic ends. Burrow notes that the petitionary self-identification of Amans as John Gower in "Confessio Amantis," Book VIII is entirely part of the fictive frame--an advance on the generic type. Rather than Gower the poet petitioning a reader, Gower the character is petitioning Venus, another character (69). Burrow finds that, in contrast to Hoccleve or others, a petitionary mode was not especially common in Chaucer's work. He sees authorial petitions in "Fortune," "The Complaint of Chaucer to his Purse, and "Lenvoy to Scogan," This last he labels "a real petition" (70), with the understanding that its vagueness would be understood by the actual Scogan. Burrow argues that Chaucer is balancing that actual petition with a complicated byplay similar to Gower's "senex amans" move in the CA. Burrow then looks for the petition type more fictively in the "House of Fame," "Legend of Good Women," and occasionally in the "Canterbury Tales." He sees scenes like Chaucer's petition to Queen Alceste in the prologue to the "Legend of Good Women" as a fictive version of a "court scene of complaint and petition" (72), ultimately creating a focus on the author's humility and self-deprecation. Ultimately Burrow concludes that fictive depictions of petition by Gower and Chaucer "display a certain playfulness" (75) on the part of Ricardian poets. [RAL. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Burrow, John A. Published Burrow, John A. "The Poet as Petitioner." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 3 (1981): 61-75. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Poet as Petitioner. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gardiner broaches an interesting logical puzzle: how does one identify the recension of a copy of the CA that lacks the passages in the Prologue and Book VIII that are usually used for that purpose? The manuscript in question, Columbia University Library Plimpton MS 265 (referred to by Gardiner as the "Plimpton Gower"), is "defective at both ends" (107), and so the dedication in the Prologue and the Chaucer material in Book VIII usually relied upon to diagnose recensions are unavailable. Her approach in the absence of these passages is to delve into secondary passages associated with the different recensions. Extended comparison of a number of passages in Book V lead her to conclude that that portion of the poem cannot be second recension, and she sees similar evidence that this manuscript "does not transpose lines 556-965" of Book VI (109), or include three variant passages of Book VII, further ruling out the second recension. The absence of lines commonly found in third recension manuscripts, but not in Plimpton (110), eliminates that recension as well. Overall, her logic is direct and sound, and her argument quite detailed. That said, her argument entirely accepts the concept of three distinct recensions, and thus may not be as useful to scholars who share more recent questions about that model of organizing the manuscript history of the CA. [RAL. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gardiner, Eileen. Published Gardiner, Eileen. "The Recension of the Confessio Amantis in the Plimpton Gower." Manuscripta 25.2 (1981): 107-112. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Recension of the Confessio Amantis in the Plimpton Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "A comparison of the Chaucer-Gower analogues in the light of their sources and analogues reveals differences between the poets' stances toward 'auctoritee' in matters of moral reasoning, epistemology, and poetics. Gower's preoccupation with social ills, expressed in his Prologue to the 'Confessio Amantis,' influences his reshaping of his sources. He uses the stories of Thisbe, Dido, Lucrece, Philomela, Ariadne, Medea, and Phyllis as exempla of the seven deadly sins intended to serve as remedies for the lovesick Amans and, implicitly, for a sick society. In Chaucer's 'Legend of Good Women' these stories are exempla of saints of love betrayed by men. Because the exemplum as a form frustrates Chaucer's expressed concern with truth, he tells these stories with ambiguity, humor, and irony. While Gower continued to use the exemplum, Chaucer turned to the 'Canterbury Tales' which freed him from presenting a predetermined moral from a single narrative point of view. Gower's version of the "loathly lady" story, the 'Tale of Florent,' is narrated by Genius, merely a persona for Gower himself, and serves as an example of obedience in love, emphasizing the knight's exemplary 'trowthe.' Chaucer tailors the story to fit the Wife of Bath so as to make the tale Alice's wish fulfillment, a burlesque of courtly romance conventions, and a satire of the tricky rhetoric of manipulative preaching. Gower tells the 'Tale of Appius and Virginia' as an exemplum of how a ruler should practice chastity. Following tradition, his version implies that death is better than loss of chastity, even if it means a father killing his own daughter. In Chaucer's 'Physician's Tale,' a juxtaposition of incongruities such as the Physician's cold-blooded inappropriate moral and the Host's compassion for Virginia raises questions about the traditional 'moralitas' and the real lesson of the tale. Chaucer, feeling conflict between his own experience and the teaching of 'auctoritee,' equivocates by juxtaposing incongruities and encouraging questions in the mind of the reader, while Gower is mainly concerned with maintaining auctoritee, the conventional ethos. Gower is more concerned with Order, Chaucer with Justice and Truth." [eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lundberg, Marlene Helen Cooreman. Published Lundberg, Marlene Helen Cooreman. "The Chaucer-Gower Analogues: A Study in Literary Technique." Ph.D. Diss. Indiana University 1981. DAI 42(9): 3993A. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Chaucer-Gower Analogues: A Study in Literary Technique. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses Gower on pages 114-32. Following the theorist Viktor Shklovsky, we can identify two categories of story collections in the fourteenth century. The first of these, "based on a narrative device with some motivation, for example that of delay or dispute, which has a definite purpose," describes the Confessio Amantis as well as, among other works, the Seven Sages of Rome. Gower, "one of the greatest intellectuals of his time," develops the poem around the frame systematically, with "ethical, scientific and narrative motives" in mind. The chapter concludes with an assessment of Gower's successful narratives techniques. The study is generally concerned with types of medieval narrative--religious, comic, romance, dream-visions, story collections--and Chaucer's mastery of these.[PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 4.2 and 1.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Boitani, Piero Published Boitani, Piero. "English Medieval Narrative in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982 ISBN 0521235626 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Medieval Narrative in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Cambridge University Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues strongly for a reading of medieval poetry based on the notion of "array"--the outlined, divided, and subdivided parts making up many texts. He proposes a criticism based on "an analysis of outlines," or "an analysis of forma tractatus." Thus, the Confessio Amantis and the Vox Clamantis come in for brief mention, as evidence of versions of the array-making consciousness of the late 14th century. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 1.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Allen, Judson Boyce Published Allen, Judson Boyce. "The Ethical Poetic of the Later Middle Ages: A Decorum of Convenient Distinction." Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1982 ISBN 0802023703 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Ethical Poetic of the Later Middle Ages: A Decorum of Convenient Distinction Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Toronto Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues that the Confessio is heavily influenced by Gower's legal training. He identifies five different meanings of "jus naturae" in the CA, and shows how they help to explain why many points in the poem seem difficult to modern readers. He goes on to argue that Gower transcends the rule of natural law for divine concern, through grace, by the poem's conclusion. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 1.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Olsson, Kurt Published Olsson, Kurt. "Natural Law and John Gower's Confessio Amantis." Medievalia et Humanistica 11 (1982), pp. 231-261. ISSN 0076-6127 Gower Subject Biography of Gower Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Natural Law and John Gower's Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Goodall exemplifies Gower's structural and thematic sophistication in CA by discussing the three sets of father-daughter relationship in the tale of Apollonius of Tyre, by assessing the concern with Providence and Fortune in the tale, and by exploring how the "Epilogue" of Book 8 (Venus's eradication of the narrator's love) includes parallels with the tale's resolution of "unkinde" love. In the subplot of Antiochus and his daughter, improper love leads to the death of the wife; because of his love for Thaise, Apollonius's wife is "resurrected." [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Goodall, Peter Published Goodall, Peter. "John Gower's 'Apollonius of Tyre': 'Confessio Amantis,' Book VIII." Southern Review 15 (1982), pp. 243-53. ISSN 0038-4526 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower's 'Apollonius of Tyre': 'Confessio Amantis,' Book VIII Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Includes the following: discussions of the tales of Acteon, Acis and Galatea, Deianera and Nessus, Pyramus and Thisbe, Phebus and Daphne, Pygmalion, Iphis, Icarus, Ceyx and Alceone, Argus and Mercury, Iphis and Araxarathen, Midas, Echo, Tereus, Neptune and Cornix, Leucothoe, variously by Beidler, Carole Koepke Brown, Nicolette Stasko, Karl A. Zipf, Jr., John B. Gaston, Douglas L. Lepley, Judith C. G. Moran, Natalie Epinger Ruyak; chapters on "Diabolical Treachery in the "Tale of Nectanabus" (Beidler), "Thomas of Kent's Account of the Birth of Alexander (Patricia Innerbichler de Bellis), and "Julius Valerius' Account of the Birth of Alexander: Text and Translation" (Enda S. deAngeli). [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 1.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Beidler, Peter G,, ed. Published Beidler, Peter G,, ed. "John Gower's Literary Transfomations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations." Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1982 ISBN 0819125962 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower's Literary Transfomations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Strohm argues that the most appropriate "framework for understanding Gower's persona in action remains the threefold scheme which E. Talbot Donaldson first described in 'Chaucer the Pilgrim.' Just as Donaldson made us aware of the interaction in Chaucer's poetry between and among Chaucer the Pilgrim, Chaucer the Poet, and the historical Chaucer, so is our enjoyment of Confession Amantis sharpened by the interplay of Gower as Amans, Gower as Poet or 'auctor' of the 'presens libellus,' and the historical John Gower" (p. 295). Strohm goes on to point out how this interplay is made possible by the assumption that the text will be apprehended in written, not oral, form. He concludes that, in the end, all the three personae come together into one, just as Chaucer's do, in Donaldson's interpretation. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Strohm, Paul Published Strohm, Paul. "A Note on Gower's Persona." In Arts of Interpretation: The Text and Its Contexts 700-1600. Essays on Medieval and Renaissance Literature in Honor of E. Talbot Donaldson. Ed. Carruthers, Mary J and Kirk, Elizabeth D. Norman, OK: Pilgrim Books, 1982, pp. 293-297. ISBN 093766460X Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Note on Gower's Persona. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pilgrim Books, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This facing-page translation (Latin and English prose) of Julius Valerius' account of Alexander's birth from "Res Gestae Alexandri Macedonis," one of the likely sources of Gower's Tale of Nectanabus in CA 6.1789-2366, includes a brief introduction. [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor DeAngeli, Edna S Published DeAngeli, Edna S. "Julius Valerius' Account of the Birth of Alexander: Text and Translation." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 119-41. ISBN 0819125962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Julius Valerius' Account of the Birth of Alexander: Text and Translation. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This facing-page (Anglo-Norman poetry, English prose) translation of Thomas of Kent's account of the birth of Alexander in "Roman de toute Chevalerie," the major source for Gower's Tale of Nectanabus in CA 6.1789-2366, includes a brief introduction. [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor De Bellis, Patricia Innerbichler Published De Bellis, Patricia Innerbichler. "Thomas of Kent's Account of the Birth of Alexander: Text and Translation." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 91-117. ISBN 0819125962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thomas of Kent's Account of the Birth of Alexander: Text and Translation. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Beidler compares Gower's Tale of Nectanabus (CA 6.1789-2366) with its primary source in Thomas of Kent's Anglo-Norman "Roman de toute Chevalerie," identifying ways in which Gower transforms "the story of the birth of Alexander into the story of the treachery of Nectanabus" by ameliorating the character of Queen Olimpias and, perhaps, by creating a "kind of rough parallel to the New Testament stories of the Annuniciation and Christ's birth." [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Beidler, Peter G Published Beidler, Peter G. "Diabolical Treachery in the Tale of Nectanabus." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 83-90. ISBN 081915962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diabolical Treachery in the Tale of Nectanabus. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Beidler summarizes Ovid's account of the death of Acteon ("Metamorphoses" 3.138-252) and identifies ways that Gower alters this source of his own account in CA 1.333-78: he "eliminates elements in Ovid's tale, however vivid or dramatic they were, which would not advance his moral purpose," which is to warn against "looking when one should not look." [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Beidler, Peter G Published Beidler, Peter G. "The Tale of Acteon (CA, I, 333-78)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982. Pp. 7-10. ISBN 0819125962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Acteon (CA, I, 333-78). Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America. Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Beidler summarizes Ovid's account of "Polyphemus's interruption of the love of Acis and Galatea" ("Metamorphoses" 13.738-897) and identifies ways that Gower alters this source of his own account in CA 2.97-200: he makes the characters "far more human" so that the tale is clearly applicable to Amans, increasing Galatea's attractiveness, eliminating Polyphemus's lament and much of his gigantic nature, and asserting the tale's concern with envy. [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Beidler, Peter G Published Beidler, Peter G. "The Tale of Acis and Galatea (CA, II, 97-200)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 11-14. ISBN 0819125962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Acis and Galatea (CA, II, 97-200) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brown summarizes Ovid's account of "unjustified pain and sorrow" ("Metamorphoses" 9.93-133) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account of Deianira, Hercules, and Nessus in CA 2.2145-2307. Gower "moves to center stage" Nessus's abduction of Deianira and use of a love charm in order to demonstrate "Falssemblant" as a form of envy, reducing Deianira to "an innocent victim of another's hypocrisy" and deemphasizing Hercules's role in the plot while making him more human and less heroic.[MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Brown, Carole Koepke Published Brown, Carole Koepke. "The Tale of Deianira and Nessus (CA, II, 2145-2307)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 15-19. ISBN 0819115962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Deianira and Nessus (CA, II, 2145-2307) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Moran summarizes Ovid's account of Pyramus and Thisbe ("Metamorphoses" 4.55-166) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account in CA 3.1331-1494. Gower "eliminates the mulberry tree as the generative force in the story," "pares out sentimental detail to make way for his lesson," and "makes his lovers more active in their efforts to be together," particularly in ways that clarifies Pyramus's self-centered "foolhaste." [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Moran, Judith C. G Published Moran, Judith C. G. "The Tale of Pyramus and Thisbe (CA, III, 1331-1494)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 21-24. ISBN 0819125962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Pyramus and Thisbe (CA, III, 1331-1494) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Ruyak summarizes Ovid's account of Phebus Apollo and Daphne ("Metamorphoses" 1.452-567) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account in CA 3.2145-2307. Gower reduces plot, imagery, and sympathy for Daphne (even as he demotes her from nymph to human being) in order to emphasize the moral concern with "passion and foolhaste." [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ruyak, Natalie Epinger Published Ruyak, Natalie Epinger. "The Tale of Phebus and Daphne (CA, III, 1685-1720)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 25-27. ISBN 081925962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Phebus and Daphne (CA, III, 1685-1720) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brown summarizes Ovid's account of Pygmalion ("Metamorphoses" 10.243-97) and identifies ways that Gower alters this source in his derivative account in CA 4.371-436. Gower's Genius uses the tale to encourage Amans to avoid the sloth of speechlessness, a moral that Gower emphasizes by making Pygmalion much more verbally aggressive than his Ovidian counterpart, albeit somewhat more human. Gower "de-emphasizes Venus and the ivory maiden" to make Pygmalion's talk more important than Ovid's concern with transformation. [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Brown, Carole Koepke Published Brown, Carole Koepke. "The Tale of Pygmalion (CA, IV, 371-436)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 29-32. ISBN 0819115962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Pygmalion (CA, IV, 371-436) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Stasko summarizes Ovid's story of Iphis ("Metamorphoses" 9.666-797) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account in CA 3.2145-2307. Gower changes Ligdus from a commoner to a king, making him seem crueler; he reduces the role of the goddess Isis, eliminates Iphis's lament, and renders the love of Iphis and Ianthe more innocent--in all, changing Ovid's "story about the rewards of prayer and obedience into one about the wonders wrought by enduring and uncomplaining love." [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Stasko, Nicolette Published Stasko, Nicolette. "The Tale of Iphis (CA, IV, 451-505)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 33-35. ISBN 081925962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Iphis (CA, IV, 451-505) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Zipf summarizes Ovid's story of the flight of Icarus ("Metamorphoses" 8.183-235) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account in CA 4.1035-71. Gower reduces details of plot and setting, and eliminates concern with Daedalus's greatness and his grief, emphasizing instead Icarus's negligence and his ambition to rise above his station. [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Zipf, Karl A., Jr Published Zipf, Karl A., Jr. "The Tale of Icarus (CA, IV, 1035-71)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 37-39. ISBN 081925962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Icarus (CA, IV, 1035-71) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gaston summarizes Ovid's story of Ceyx and Alceone ("Metamorphoses" 11.410-748) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account in CA 4.2927-3123. Generally compressing plot by eliminating "unnecssary detail," Gower retains an extensive description of the house of Sleep and he "builds sympathy" for Alceone, thereby focusing on the "recipient of the vision and on the mechanism by which the dream vision is bestowed on her." [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gaston, John B Published Gaston, John B. "The Tale of Ceyx and Alceone (CA, IV, 2927-3123)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 41-43. ISBN 081925962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Ceyx and Alceone (CA, IV, 2927-3123) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Lepley summarizes Ovid's story of Io's transformation ("Metamorphoses" 1.583-746) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account of Argus and Mercury in CA 4.3317-61. Radically revamping Ovid's emphasis, Gower's tale is not about Io's suffering nor Jupiter's lust; instead, Gower reduces sympathy for Io and develops the minor characters of Argus and Mercury in order to demonstrate the "dangers of sleeping when one should be awake." [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lepley, Douglas L Published Lepley, Douglas L. "The Tale of Argus and Mercury (CA, IV, 3317-61)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 45-49. ISBN 081925962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Argus and Mercury (CA, IV, 3317-61) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Stasko summarizes Ovid's story of Iphis's death and Araxarathen's transformation ("Metamorphoses" 14.698-761) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account in CA 4.3515-3684. Generally expanding the plot, Gower radically alters the two protagonists by reversing their "social and moral positions" and thereby converts Ovid's story "into one which criticizes men for despairing." [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Stasko, Nicolette Published Stasko, Nicolette. "The Tale of Iphis and Araxarathen (CA, IV, 3515-3684)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 51-54. ISBN 081925962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Iphis and Araxarathen (CA, IV, 3515-3684) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Moran summarizes Ovid's story of Midas's "irresponsible kingship . . . foolishness, and . . . wasted opportunity" (in "Metamorphoses" 11.85-145) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account in CA 5.141-332. By making Midas a "more sympathetic character" and having him recognize and repent his sin, Gower adapts the tale to his concern with avarice and makes it part of his "pervasive treatment of the responsibilities of kings." [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Moran, Judith C. G Published Moran, Judith C. G. "The Tale of Midas (CA, V, 141-332)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 55-58. ISBN 081925962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Midas (CA, V, 141-332) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Zipf summarizes Ovid's brief account of Echo ("Metamorphoses" 3.359-69) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account in CA 5.4583-4652. Gower expands the account and renders it moralistic by developing the character of Echo, focusing on her "crime and punishment" as an "active procurer" of lovers for Jupiter, and by the setting more familiar for his contemporary courtly audience. [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Zipf, Karl A., Jr Published Zipf, Karl A., Jr. "The Tale of Echo (CA, V, 4583-4652)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 59-61. ISBN 081925962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Echo (CA, V, 4583-4652) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Lepley summarizes Ovid's tale of Tereus and Philomela ("Metamorphoses" 6.424-674) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account in CA 5.5551-6047. Gower heightens Tereus's villainy, presents Philomela as guiltless, and blunts Procne's cruelty. He reduces Ovid's "detailed dramatizations of inhuman passions and wanton revenge," offering a moral exemplum of the just punishment for rape rather than tale of horror. [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lepley, Douglas L Published Lepley, Douglas L. "The Tale of Tereus (CA, V, 5551-6048)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 63-69. ISBN 081925962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Tereus (CA, V, 5551-6048) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Ruyak summarizes Ovid's tale of Neptune's attempted seduction of Cornix ("Metamorphoses" 2.569-88) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account in CA 5.6145-6217. Gower emphasizes Cornix's despair and her desire to retain her virginity, and the poet adds "functional imagery," transforming the rape in Ovid's original into a matter of theft or robbery--a kind of avarice. [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ruyak, Natalie Epinger Published Ruyak, Natalie Epinger. "The Tale of Neptune and Cornix (CA, V, 6145-6217)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 71-74. ISBN 081925962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Neptune and Cornix (CA, V, 6145-6217) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gaston summarizes Ovid's tale of the "tragic cruelty" of Leucothoe's death ("Metamorphoses" 4.190-270) and identifies ways that Gower alters Ovid's version in his own account in CA 5.6713-83. Gower reduces Venus' role in the plot, shifting blame to Phoebus for his use of stealth in pursuing Leucothoe, who is wholly innocent in Gower even though Ovid had presented her as "somewhat willing." [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gaston, John B Published Gaston, John B. "The Tale of Leucothoe (CA, V, 6713-83)." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 75-77. ISBN 081925962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Leucothoe (CA, V, 6713-83) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "The Introduction begins by taking note of John Gower's unusually sympathetic attitude toward women in the 'Confessio Amantis.' It poses the question: was Gower unique in taking such a favorable approach to women, or does he belong to a profeminist current in the didactic literature of the later Middle Ages? The dissertation proposes to focus on one group of texts which were certainly known to Gower, i.e., the popular manuals of religious instruction, particularly Frere Laurent's 'Somme le Roi' and its derivatives. Chapter Two examines the attitude toward women in the religious manuals, with the purpose of discovering whether these treatises contributed to the sexual attitudes of the 'Confessio Amantis.' It is determined that the approach to women in the manuals is very sympathetic. Women are directly addressed as the fellow Christians and spiritual equals of men; the devout soul is regarded as feminine, and feminine traits are presented as admirable qualities of the Christian life; the Virgin Mary is explicitly described as the most exemplary human being who ever lived, and other examples of good women receive respectful attention; matrimony and marital sex are held in great esteem, and ascetic disgust for the body is held at a minimum. Although the existence of bad women is recognized by the manuals, these characters are regarded as examples of sins to avoid and not as typical representatives of women as a class. Chapter Three examines the approach to women in the 'Confessio Amantis' and determines that it has been extensively influenced by the mutual tradition. For every sympathetic view of women in the manuals, significant parallels are discovered in the Confessio.' In addition, the chapter presents extended analyses of four Gowerian short stories, showing in each case how the poet made skillful use of various sources and presented a more favorable view of women than any source. Chapter Four continues by examining one of the finest stories in the 'Confessio,' 'The Tale of King, Wine, Woman, and Truth.' Chapter Five concludes that there is indeed a profeminist current in the didactic lieterature of the later Middle Ages as represented by the manuals and Gower, and it proposes suggestions for further research." [eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Burke,Linda Barney. Published Burke, Linda Barney. Women in the Medieval Manuals of Religious Instruction and John Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Ph.D. Diss. Columbia University. Dissertation Abstracts International 42.12 (1982): 5114A. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Women in the Medieval Manuals of Religious Instruction and John Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "This dissertation analyzes the actions and attitudes of characters in several fourteenth-century English works as those characters seek to define themselves and their places in the world; during personal and social crises, those characters turn inward either to examine their consciences or to embrace their fantasies. The thesis of this study is that by dramatizing the inadequate reactions to crisis of limited human characters, these poems and plays attempt to provoke more discerning self-examination in the individuals who compose their audiences. These Middle English works are more ironic than didactic, focussing one irony on the characters' failures of self-knowledge and thus appealing to a detached, critical audience, yet focussing another irony on the reader, whose circumstances parallel the characters' but who recognizes his own imperfection only after he has passed uncharitable judgment. The first chapter traces the reflections of historical crisis in fourteenth-century English literature, also turning to St. Augustine's 'On the Trinity' and to Boethius's 'Consolation of Philosophy' in order to establish the contrast between self-serving and self-searching that recurs as well in many Middle English works. Three specific poems develop this contrast through related metaphors: Gower's 'Confessio Amantis' sets sorcery and fantasy (two ways of exercising mind over matter) against the healthier transformations effected by confession; Langland's 'Piers Plowman' dramatizes the differences between literal and spiritual definitions of labor and pilgrimage; and Chaucer's 'Canon's Yeoman's Tale' contrasts alchemy with self-examination and confession, which effect internal metamorphoses. . . ." [eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Haman, Mark Stefan. Published Haman, Mark Stefan. "The Introspective and Egocentric Quests of Character and Audience: Modes of Self-Definition in the York Corpus Christi Cycle and in Chaucer's Merchant's Tale." Ph. D. Diss. University of Rochester 1982. DAI 42(10): 4444A. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Introspective and Egocentric Quests of Character and Audience: Modes of Self-Definition in the York Corpus Christi Cycle and in Chaucer's Merchant's Tale. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "The exemplum is the basic unit of the 'Confessio Amantis,' since each of Gower's tales in the poem is presented as a moral story, but in order to understand the role of the exemplum in the work it is necessary to know the history of the form and its varied uses. For that reason, this study of the 'Confessio Amantis' traces the development of the exemplum from classical literature to Gower's time and proceeds to an analysis of certain major tales in the 'Confessio Amantis' to show that Gower often used rhetorical figures in adapting his exempla from original sources. An important result of the rhetorical analysis of certain tales is the discovery that, in writing his exempla, Gower utilized rhetorical figures to enhance the morality of the tale, i.e., to make good and evil more obvious in each exemplum. There is, however, a wider significance to the exemplum in the 'Confessio Amantis,' and that significance is found by comparing Gower's collection of exempla with three other collections: the exempla gathered by Jacques de Vitry, the collection of moral tales by Etienne de Bourbon, and the 'Speculum Morale' by Vincent of Beauvais. Each of these collections contains numerous exempla which are, with the exception of Jacques' tales, subsumed under various divisions of the seven deadly sins. A comparison of Gower's poem with the three Latin collections shows that Gower arranged the subdivisions of each of the main sins in a much more imaginative way than the French monks did, and an analysis of the two main parts of the 'Confessio Amantis,' Books I-IV and V-VIII, shows how the structure of Gower's work differs from the three other works mentioned as well as differing from Robert Mannyng's 'Handlyng Synne,' whose exempla are also abstracted in this study. Thus, by approaching Gower as an exemplarist and by comparing him with other exemplarists, some of the genuine significance and artistry of the 'Confessio Amantis' becomes evident, just as it also becomes evident that John Gower was a far more clever and talented poet than centuries of misreading have allowed him to be." [eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor McNally, Joseph Augustine. Published McNally, Joseph Augustine. "The Exemplum in John Gower's 'Confessio Amantis'." Ph.D. Diss. University of South Carolina 1982. DAI 43(4): 1154A. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Exemplum in John Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "In this study, 'satire' is not used in any modern sense, but in the classical and mediaeval sense: satire is a specific body of poetry founded in ancient Rome and developed in Western Christendom during the Middle Ages. Indeed, much recent scholarship on Roman satire has rightly taken pains to distinguish between the formal satire of the Roman poets Lucilius, Horace, Persius, and Juvenal on the one hand, and, on the other hand, that variety of post-Renaissance literature named 'satire' for want of a more appropriate literary category. That distinction is preserved here, for it is an objective of this study to investigate, without reference to twentieth-century literary prejudices, the nature of satire in the Middle Ages. There is a fundamental justification for this approach. We are familiar with the boundaries and conventions of classical, renaissance, and modern literary genres thanks to the assiduity of generations of scholars; but little corresponding work has been undertaken on mediaeval literary genres. Once it is known what mediaeval scholars and writers understood by the noun 'satura' ('satire,' sometimes spelt 'satira' or 'satyra') and the adjective 'satiricus' ('satirical;' used as a substantive to mean 'satirist'), it will be possible to identify mediaeval satirical works. Once sufficient mediaeval satires have been identified, it will be possible to form an estimate of the mediaeval satirical tradition. None of this can be achieved by applying modern generic definitions to mediaeval literature. My purpose in the following pages is threefold. First, by investigating the way in which the classical satires of Horace, Persius, and Juvenal were studied in the schools during the Middle Ages, I hope to reconstruct the mediaeval definition of satire. Second, I propose to identify and classify works which, by reference to prevailing contemporary critical theory, can be shown to be the true mediaeval successors to Roman satire. Third, I intend to apply the findings to the works of three major English poets writing in the second half of the fourteenth century: Gower, Langland, and Chaucer." (Abstract shortened by UMI.) [eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Miller, Paul Scott. Published Miller, Paul Scott. "The Mediaeval Literary Theory of Satire and Its Relevance to the Works of Gower, Langland, and Chaucer." Ph.D. Diss. Queen's University, Belfast 1982. DAI 51(4): 1222A. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Mediaeval Literary Theory of Satire and Its Relevance to the Works of Gower, Langland, and Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Harrison summarizes the plot and emphases of Ovid's account of Narcissus and Echo in "Metamorphoses" and those of six "fully developed renditions of the tale" (324): the twelfth-century Old French lay of Narcissus, the version in Guillaume de Lorris's portion of the "Roman de la Rose," the account at the end of Robert of Blois's "Floris et Liriope," the section in "Ovide Moralisé," Gower's separate accounts of the "misadventure" of Narcissus in Book I of "Confessio Amantis" and Echo's "encounter" (333) with Juno in Book V, and the sixteenth-century French play, "Jeu de Narcisse." Harrison concentrates on how and where the post-Ovidian versions vary from Ovid and observes their particularities, with recurrent comments on gender. The summaries are descriptive rather than analytical, but Harrison does observe in her conclusion that, even though the post-Ovidian narratives of Echo "occasion very little overt misogyny," she is "[r]arely . . . an explicit role model for women" (340). Discussing Gower's "bifurcated" (335) version, Harrison says that each "exemplum has its own distinct moral, and they are connected only by one common image"--the bell image at 1.2391 and 5.4640--and a "Latin side note" (333), which Harrison quotes, untranslated and undiscussed, in a footnote. She calls the bell image "arresting because it is the only explicit link" between Gower's two stories (334). His account of Narcissus, Harrison remarks, cautions against "excessive presumptive pride" (333), while the story of Echo is, more expansively, "addressed to men, not women, and it is supportive of woman's claim to monogamous fidelty [sic] in her spouse. The villain of the piece is herself a woman, discovered and punished by another woman who has been duped, and both are hardly positive feminine figures" (335). [MA. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Harrison, Ann Tukey. Published Harrison, Ann Tukey. "Echo and Her Medieval Sisters." Centennial Review 26 (1982): 324-40. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Echo and Her Medieval Sisters. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Hoeniger argues for appreciation of Shakespeare's "Pericles" as an experiment in placing drama in tension with story-telling, one that succeeds better on the stage than on the page, and one that casts the Chorus, John Gower, as a moralistic, episodic story-teller whose style functions as a foil to Shakespeare's own dramaturgy. In passing, Hoeniger mentions that Shakespeare used Gower's "Tale of Apollonius of Tyre" from "Confessio Amantis" as a source, citing it once, and asserting the "singular subservience" of Shakespeare's play to the "order of Gower's narrative and his characters" (465). Hoeniger does not engage the intertextual relations of the two works at any length, but concentrates on the "quaint, archaizing, moralizing lines" (463) of the Chorus and on the episodic nature of the story "unsuited to dramatic adaptation" (478) in order to argue that "Pericles" is startlingly innovative and very effective on stage because the Chorus' style is counterpointed by Shakespeare's. Acknowledging traditional concerns with collaboration, revision, and/or First-Quarto memorial reconstruction in "Pericles" studies, Hoeniger attributes at least some of the well-known unevenness of the play to the "impression" that the Chorus "controls the presentation of the whole play" (464) while this impression, Hoeniger maintains, actually serves Shakespeare's dramatic effectiveness through contrast. Hoeniger's argument recurrently depends upon impressions, those of Shakespeare's audience who, for example, "must have been bemused by the naïve simplicity of Gower's outlook and art" (474), and his own, as when rhymes "turn . . . conventional morals into tags that Gower would wish us to remember, tags that strike us as naive in their simplicity and patness, as do his own" (469). Hoeniger turns to Chaucer when seeking precedent for Shakespeare's depiction of "grossly inferior" (478) art in his play, citing "The Tale of Sir Thopas" for comparison and describing Chaucer's burlesque of tail-rhyme romance. The comparison, unfortunately, reinforces an impression Hoeniger himself creates (although not stating it directly): that Shakespeare may have thought similarly little of Gower's own art--an impression countered in, for example, Richard Hillman's "Shakespeare's Gower and Gower's Shakespeare" (eJGN 38.1) and Bart van Es's "Late Shakespeare and the Middle Ages" (eJGN 38.2). [MA. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hoeniger, F. David. Published Hoeniger, F. David. "Gower and Shakespeare in 'Pericles'." Shakespeare Quarterly 33 (1982): 461-79. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower and Shakespeare in "Pericles." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A taxonomy of five types or models of exempla used in the "Confessio Amantis" structures Yeager's essay. He affiliates the exempla of CA with those found in homilies, crediting G. R. Owst's landmark study, "Literature and Pulpit in Medieval England," and he sets out "to demonstrate in what ways Gower makes use of the exemplum in constructing his most successful poem" (307). The "secular" exempla of CA, Yeager tells us, are essential to making the CA "readable" as both "pleasing fiction, and, in a very real way, as sermon" (312); the device is clearly signaled by Gower (Yeager lists numerous instances where "ensample" refers to a tale or tales, pp. 312-13), helps to justify Genius's role as priest and confessor (310-11), and, Yeager suggests, may help to explain both the poet's "plain writing" (313), and his didactic mode. In short, "Gower made use of the exemplum as a paradigm for narration" in CA (314). Description and elucidation of the five types or models follow: detailed explications of single representative tales drawn from Book 1 of CA, read in light of their sources. The "Tale of Capaneus" represents Gower's straightforward "extraction of a narrative from its source" (315); in Narcissus he borrows with added details "to adapt a tale more precisely to his needs" (318); and in the Trojan Horse, the horse is not just an "object" in a plot but an "emblem" (322) of the vice it illustrates. The other two types of exempla, Yeager shows, work by negation; for instance, the "Tale of Florent" dramatizes a "direct negation of 'Murmur and Complaint'" (323), and the "Tale of Three Questions" negates Pride by presenting the "offsetting virtue" (325) of Humility in complex ways. Indeed, the intricacy of Yeager's analysis of humility as theme in the "Three Questions" is quite subtle, as are, for example, his emphasis on psychological process in "Florent" and the suggestive diction of feigning in the "Trojan Horse." Yet, these matters operate outside the parameters of Yeager's taxonomy. He is attentive to detail and nuance and his close readings disclose Gower's successful integration of style, form, and theme, but the five categories are quite general and, Yeager admits, subject to "variations" (330) elsewhere in the CA. The categorization antedates and adumbrates the critical examination and theorizing of exempla and "exemplarity" of many later studies--including Yeager's own "John Gower's Poetic" (1990). Here it structures Yeager's readings of five individual tales [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yeager, R. F. Published Yeager, R. F. "John Gower and the Exemplum Form: Tale Models in the "Confessio Amantis." Mediaevalia 8 (1982): 307-35 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower and the Exemplum Form: Tale Models in the "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Aers sets out to assess "some major literary representations of the 'third estate'" (335) and consider how these representations reflect and foster ideological assumptions about class. In his analysis, both Langland and Chaucer interrogate traditional social hierarchy, although in different ways, while Gower (in Book 1 of VC) and Walsingham affirm it and, in doing so, reflect and promote the common late-medieval reaction to the Uprising of 1381 (Peasants' Revolt). Gower's depictions of lower-class people as bestial and anarchic, Aers asserts, indicate his "unselfreflexive, violent hatred" of these people "whose actions are seen to be conflicting with the traditional ideal of the social order" (345); like Walsingham's, Gower's social view is "unreflective, dogmatic, and appallingly self-righteousness" (347). [MA; Cited in JGN 10.1, without an abstract]. Reprinted in Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800, ed. Lawrence J. Trudeau, vol. 264 (Detroit: Gale, 2017), pp. 154-63. Author/Editor Author/Editor Aers, David Published Aers, David. "Representations of the 'Third Estate': Social Conflict and its Milieu around 1381." Southern Review (Australia) 16 (1983), pp. 335-49. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Representations of the 'Third Estate': Social Conflict and its Milieu around 1381. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Braswell's concern is the penitential tradition in history, theology, and literature. In chapter 3, she points out that Gower "selected as a framework the confessional itself, based the character of Genius on that of the model confessor, and put Amans in the position of the 'the learner' (the penitent)." Braswell then investigates Gower's use of penitential manuals, to show how the structure and content of these manuals influenced the structure of his work. Much of the dialogue between Genius and Amans parallels the questions and answers found in mid-fourteenth century penitential namuals. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 5.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Braswell, Mary Flowers Published Braswell, Mary Flowers. "The Medieval Sinner: Characterization and Confession in the Literature of the English Middle Ages." London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1983 ISBN 0838631177 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Medieval Sinner: Characterization and Confession in the Literature of the English Middle Ages. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Associated University Presses, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A general introduction to the subject of the tradition of the romance of Apollonius. Father Martins traces the progress of this romance through the Middle Ages, mentioning the 11th-century adaptation (in the Monumenta Germaniae Historica), Godfrey of Viterbo's more poetic version in the Pantheon, the inclusion of the Book of Apollonius in the Gesta Romanorum, and its appearance in Castilian in the 13th and 14th centuries. [Pat Oder. JGN 3.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Martins, Mário, S. J Published Martins, Mário, S. J. "Como 'Apolónio de Tiro' chegou até nós através de John Gower." In Estudos de Cultura Medieval. Ed. UNSPECIFIED. Lisbon: Ediçoes Brotéria, 1983, pp. 133-144. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Como 'Apolónio de Tiro' chegou até nós através de John Gower. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Ediçoes Brotéria, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "Recent critical studies of the Confessio Amantis tend to see the tales as reflections of the major thematic patterns of the poem while ignoring their more immediate function as illustrations of the vices and virtues. And yet, as a comparison of John Gower's second exemplum contra presumption with its source makes clear, it is the nature of the particular sub-sin or virtue being illustrated that determines what other functions a given exemplum will serve. For this reason, any reading of the poem must begin by placing the tales within the sin framework before expanding to consider them in other contexts. A similar emphasis on individual morality is evident in Gower's social and political theories, making the exemplum, with its multileveled construction, a fitting vehicle for Gower's personal philosophy." [Author's summary. JGN 3.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Shaw, Judith Published Shaw, Judith. "John Gower's Illustrative Tales." Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 84 (1983), pp. 437-447. ISSN 0028-3754 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower's Illustrative Tales. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Waen includes a brief comparison with Gower's Vox Clamantis and Cronica Tripertita: "Richard the Redeles shares with [Gower's works] a strong though less statuesque Lancastrianism; the fusion of the beast symbolism and literalism; and the attempt to protect the poem and the poet from official wrath . . . . Yet there are some significant differences between the works, suggesting that the association of Richard the Redeles with the Gowerian chronicle-tradition was not slavish and that it had within it the seeds of a different development within the truth-telling tradition. Compared with Gower's works, Richard the Redeles carries a less insistent burden of raw incident; its indignation is more analytic, less descriptive; it offers flickerings of undeveloped but developable allegory beyond the severe limitations of beast symbolism (notably in the sections relating to the King's household); it offers flickerings of undeveloped but equally developable themes (notably the dangers and the desireability of speaking the truth); lastly, unlike Gower's works, Richard the Redeles is unfinished." [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Wawn, Andrew Published Wawn, Andrew. "Truth-Telling and the Tradition of Mum and the Sothsegger." Yearbook of English Studies (1983), pp. 270-287. ISSN 0306-2473 Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Cronica Tripertita Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Truth-Telling and the Tradition of Mum and the Sothsegger. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Ito examines the story of Diogenes and Alexander from Book 3 (1202-1311) of the Confessio Amantis, identifying two separate story-lines combined within it: the "stand in my sun" episode and that of the "servant of my servant." For each of these sources are sought in various works, including Disciplina Claricalis, Gesta Romanorum, Speculum Historiale, and De Vita Moribus Philosophorum. Ito concludes that Gower's tale results from a combination of materials, the relationship of which is difficult to determine with present data and editions. Gower also added and emended much to produce his treatment. Ito argues that source studies carried on carefully can provide much information about how the poet's mind worked. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi Published Ito, Masayoshi. "Gower's 'Diogenes and Alexander' and Its Philosophic-literary Tradition." Poetica: An International Journal of Linguistic-Literary Studies 16 (1983), pp. 66-77. ISSN 0287-1629 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's 'Diogenes and Alexander' and Its Philosophic-literary Tradition. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A translation of the Confessio Amantis into modern Japanese. It contains as well explanatory notes and a selected bibliography (notes in Japanese, bibliography in English) There are three plates: of MS Egerton 1991 f. 7v, of the outside of Southwark Cathedral, and of Gower's tomb.[PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi, trans. Published Ito, Masayoshi, trans.. "Confessio Amantis." Tokyo: Shorin, 1983 Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confessio Amantis. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Shorin, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Scattergood attempts to discover what, if any, books were read by members of Richard's court through careful collection and analysis of historical documents and literary references; he concludes that, although the situation "is not a simple one . . . circumstances for the production and dissemination of literature were obviously not unfavourable," and that Gower's work was near the center of this activity. Author/Editor Author/Editor Scattergood, V.J Published Scattergood, V.J. "Literary Culture at the Court of Richard II." In English Court Culture in the Later Middle Ages. Ed. Scattergood, V.J and Sherborne, J.W. London: Duckworth, 1983, pp. 29-44. ISBN 0715616374 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Literary Culture at the Court of Richard II. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Duckworth, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Doyle is concerned to determine "what grounds there are for thinking that particular English books were made for, owned or used by people 'at court' in one or another of the senses of that phrase . . . ." In due course, he examines the Ellesmere manuscript of the Confessio Amantis (Huntington Library 26.A.17) and the Trinity College, Cambridge, R.III.2 manuscript, as well as glancing briefly at a group of mansucripts of the early fifteenth century produced commercially by the same scribe and illuminted by the Scheerre School. Arguing that the available information is too scanty for all but the most tentative of conclusions, Doyle nevertheless suggests that there was nothing like a 'court style' in book production, or in literary taste. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Doyle, A.I Published Doyle, A.I. "English Books In and Out of Court from Edward III to Henry IV." In English Court Culture in the Later Middle Ages. Ed. Scattergood, V.J and Sherborne, J.W. London: Duckworth, 1983, pp. 163-182. ISBN 0715616374 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Books In and Out of Court from Edward III to Henry IV. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Duckworth, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Wilkins uses Gower's apparent taste for French literary forms as indication of a similar interest in French musical approaches, thereby connecting him with what Wilkins identifies as the center of late fourteenth-century musical activity. The essay contain a valuable inquiry into the growth and development of the London Pui. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Wilkins, Nigel Published Wilkins, Nigel. "Music and Poetry at Court: England and France in the Late Middle Ages." In English Court Culture in the Later Middle Ages. Ed. Scattergood, V. J., and Sherborne, J. W. London: Duckworth, [1983]. Pp. 183-204. ISBN 0715616374 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Music and Poetry at Court: England and France in the Late Middle Ages. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Duckworth. Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Views Amans in the context of the tradition of the ages of man, of the "dits amoreux" of Machaut and Froissart, and considers the purpose and effects of the lover's age as revealed in the conclusion. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Burrow, John Published Burrow, John. "The Portrayal of Amans in Confessio Amantis." In Gower's Confessio Amantis: Responses and Reassessments. Ed. Minnis, A. J. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1983, pp. 5-24. ISBN 085991142X Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Portrayal of Amans in Confessio Amantis. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available D.S. Brewer, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Looks at Gower's transformations of the tales of Midas, Florent, Iphis, and Pygmalion as examples of thoughtful, plastic art which transcends source study in the usual sense. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ricks, Christopher Published Ricks, Christopher. "Metamorphosis in Other Words." In Gower's Confessio Amantis: Responses and Reassessments. Ed. Minnis, A. J. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1983, pp. 24-49. ISBN 085991142X Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Metamorphosis in Other Words. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available D.S. Brewer, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Contends that the Confessio Amantis was written with a full awareness "of the nature and potential of the literary traditions available," and is "a work which (in terms of medieval literary theory) is compendious, cohesive and pleasureably didactic." [PN/ Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Minnis, Alastair J. Published Minnis, Alastair J.. "Moral Gower and Medieval Literary Theory." In Gower's Confessio Amantis: Responses and Reassessments. Ed. Minnis, A. J. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1983, pp. 50-78. ISBN 085991142X Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Moral Gower and Medieval Literary Theory. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available D.S. Brewer, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Considers Gower's three major works in light of Romn satiric tradition, and identifies the "common voice" heard so often in Gower's works as identical with the "voice" of most medieval satirists. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Miller, Paul Published Miller, Paul. "John Gower, Satiric Poet." In Gower's Confessio Amantis: Responses and Reassessments. Ed. Minnis, A. J. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1983, pp. 79-105. ISBN 085991142X Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower, Satiric Poet. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available D. S. Brewer, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Presents Gower's tales as evolving from a conscious blend of "Aristotelian ethics (as reiterated by Brunetto Latini and Giles of Rome)" which based moral knowledge on observation and exemplum theory which "stressed the importance of particulars in human understanding through the (medieval) imagination. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Runacres, Charles Published Runacres, Charles. "Art and Ethics in the Exempla of Confessio Amantis." In Gower's Confessio Amantis: Responses and Reassessments. Ed. Minnis, A. J. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1983, pp. 106-134. ISBN 085991142X Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Art and Ethics in the Exempla of Confessio Amantis. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available D.S. Brewer, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Shows that Gower makes use of a vocabulary applicable at once to the ethical health of Amans and to the political well-being of the state, thus making the Confessio Amantis a true 'speculum regis.' [PN. Cpyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Porter, Elizabeth Published Porter, Elizabeth. "Gower's Ethical Microcosm and Political Macrocosm." In Gower's Confessio Amantis: Responses and Reassessments. Ed. Minnis, A. J. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1983. Pp.135-62. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's Ethical Microcosm and Political Macrocosm. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available D.S. Brewer, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Determines the unsettled state of the miniatures appearing in the major manuscripts of the Confessio Amantis, drawing attention to the variation in subjects portrayed, and concluding that, along other points, the 'Dream of Precious Metals' ought to be given greater prominence than heretofore in our interpretation of the poem. [PN Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Griffiths, Jeremy Published Griffiths, Jeremy. "Confessio Amantis: The Poem and Its Pictures." In Gower's Confessio Amantis: Responses and Reassessments. Ed. Minnis, A. J. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1983, pp. 163-178. ISBN 085991142X Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confessio Amantis: The Poem and Its Pictures. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available D.S. Brewer, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Studies the textual tradition of the Confessio Amantis and its manuscripts and their histories, exploring what these tell us about Gower's readers during his own time and subsequently in the Renaissance. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Pearsall, Derek Published Pearsall, Derek. "The Gower Tradition." In Gower's Confessio Amantis: Responses and Reassessments. Ed. Minnis, A. J. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1983, pp. 179-198. ISBN 085991142X Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Gower Tradition Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available D.S. Brewer, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "The figure of Medea has undergone many thematic transformations since its first appearance in the epic poems and dramas of ancient Greece. In Hesiod, Medea is a type of fairytale princess. In Euripides, she is a vengeful woman whose wrath inspires the greatest of enormities, the slaughter of her own children. Apollonius portrays a young Medea struggling valiantly, but fruitlessly against a divinely inspired passion. The Latin poets and philosophers depict Medea as titanic, frightening, often a criminal. In Ovid's 'Metamorphoses,' Medea degenerates into a blind destructive force. In the twelfth century 'Roman de Troie,' Medea undergoes a remarkable transformation when she is placed in the context of 'fin' amor.' Here she is a positive, life-sustaining figure motivated to perform helpful deeds by her noble passion. In medieval literature, the fortunes of the figure of Medea follow the writers' attitude toward secular love. When the medieval poet approves of 'fin' amor,' Medea is portrayed positively. However, when secular passion is denigrated in favor of divine love, Medea is characterized as a type of wilfull, destructive woman, at the mercy of her unrestrained lust. In the French prose versions of the 'Roman de Troie,' Guido delle Colonne's 'Historia Destructionis Troiae,' and Boccaccio's 'De Mulieribus Claris,' such a negative Medea may be found. However, in Chaucer's 'Legend of Good Women' and Gower's 'Confessio Amantis,' Medea is portrayed as a saint of secular love for her unstinting fidelity to Jason. At the hands of Chaucer and Gower, Medea receives her most radical transformation, sanctification in the context of 'fin'amor'." [eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Feimer, Joel Nicholas. Published Feimer, Joel Nicholas. "The Figure of Medea in Medieval Literature: A Thematic Metamorphosis." Ph.D. Diss. City University of New York 1983. DAI 44(10): 3057A. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Figure of Medea in Medieval Literature: A Thematic Metamorphosis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "Since the medieval frame narrative originated in Arabia, works in this tradition reflect, in structure and method, Arabic aesthetic principles often opposed to Greek principles of organic unity, symmetry, and completeness. Some notable features of this aesthetic are looseness of structure, autonomy of parts, open-endedness, and the use of external organizing devices such as a controlling narrator or a pervading travel or wisdom theme. The eighth-century 'Panchatantra,' the first significant frame narrative, has a loosely designed, logically incomplete Arabic frame tenuously tied to tightly plotted and intricately organized Indian boxing tales. Consistently patterned on the Arabic aesthetic, the 'Panchatantra' served as a model for the twelfth-century Spanish 'Disciplina Clericalis' of Petrus Alfonsi, which acted as a major transitional work, funneling elements of content and structure to European vernacular writers. Later Western frame narratives perpetuated basic Arabic features but also contained features which are ultimately Greek. The 'Decameron' shows the growing tension between Eastern and Western pressures. It has a tighter structure than earlier frame narratives, with its apparently symmetrical ten-by-ten mode of organization, but analysis reveals the traditional randomness and open-endedness. In the 'Confessio Amantis,' Gower adapts the frame narrative to a Western allegorical purpose; despite the seemingly tight structure of the 'Confessio,' open-endedness and other Arabic features are prominent. Various other medieval Western frame narratives, including the Western versions of the 'Seven Sages' and 'El Conde Lucanor,' likewise synthesize elements of East and West. The culminating work in the genre, the 'Canterbury Tales,' shows its Arabic roots in its method of narration, its reliance on external organizing devices, and its open-endedness, but it is shaped as well by classical and Christian elements. Chaucer manipulates features from both East and West in a sophisticated manner, fully exploiting the dynamic opposing forces that had evolved in the genre. [eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gittes, Katharine Slater. Published Gittes, Katharine Slater. "The Frame Narrative: History and Theory." Ph.D. Diss. University of California San Diego 1983. DAI 44.12: 1444A. Gower Subject Coinfessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Frame Narrative: History and Theory. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "The difficulties generated by appeals to "kynde" in medieval English literature are usually attributed to a supposed equivocalness at the heart of medieval conceptions of 'natura.' Medieval rhetoric allows, however, for an equivocation that, as a holding together of two distinct ideas under one name, is a method of knowing truth instead of a logical blunder. The word 'natura,' accordingly, balances two conceptions of nature under one term to reveal man's essential condition as a creature caught between the nature inherited from his creation in God's image and the nature inherited from the Fall. This 'equivocation of kynde' holds two messages. Most obviously, the individual Christian must not confuse the inclinations of his fallen nature with the pull of his true essence. One's cares to identify the sense in which one is using the term and to attempt to restore "nature" are unerring measures of one's spiritual condition. Nature's equivocation also paradoxically functions to insist on the difficulty of such a restoration. The movement to break down the separation of man's fallen 'kynde' from its divine heritage is likely, in a fallen world, to be fraught with disasters of his own making. This ability of the concept of 'kynde. to unfold a central paradox of medieval Christianity provides poets with two persistent motifs and narrative strategies. First, medieval writers constantly create characters who separate the natural inclinations from the desire to return to the divine. The audience is expected to correct such abuses. Secondly, the equivocation's insistence on the difficulty of returning to one's proper nature encourages medieval poets to construct situations that deliberately mislead the audience into accepting an improper view of the natural. Should such a misleading occur, the audience is forced to acknowledge its own complicity in the fallen world. After examining the manner in which Augustine establishes 'natura' as an equivocal concept and the consistent way the later middle ages reflect his doctrine, my essay uses Chaucer's 'Troilus and Criseyde' and Gower's 'Confessio Amantis' as examples of the fruitful ways that medieval artists used the equivocation of 'kynde' to structure their poems." [eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hiscoe, David Winthrop. Published Hiscoe, David Winthrop. "'Equivocations of Kynde': The Medieval Tradition of Nature and Its Use in Chaucer's 'Troilus and Criseyde' and Gower's 'Confessio Amantis'." Ph.D. Diss. Duke University 1983. DAI 44(5): 1447A-1448A. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Equivocations of Kynde": The Medieval Tradition of Nature and Its Use in Chaucer's "Troilus and Criseyde" and Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Ronberg follows C. A. Luttrell (1958) in studying the scribal hand(s) of Glasgow, University Library, MS Hunter V.2.8 (388), which contains the unique "Gest Historiale of the Destruction of Troy," and Manchester, Chetham Library, MS A.7.38 (6696), a copy of the "Confessio Amantis." He makes two points: 1) in which he disagrees with Luttrell, offering "linguistic evidence" that the two hands in the Hunter MS (a cursive and a bookhand) belong to "different scribes"; and 2)--of interest to Gowerians--in which he agrees with Luttrell that the cursive hand of Hunter and that of the Chetham CA are by the same man: "Thomas Chetham, a landowner who lived at Nuthurst in South Lancashire and who copied the texts mentioned above during the first quarter of the sixteenth century" (463). Ronberg argues from linguistic evidence in both cases (where Luttrell was concerned with paleography), and, discussing common dialectical features of the two manuscripts, he shows that their "spelling features, and their proportional distribution" (467) confirm Luttrell's identification of Chetham and the dates of the manuscripts. N.B.: Like Luttrell, Ronberg cites the Chetham manuscript of the CA as A.6.11 rather than A.7.38, following the error in Macaulay. [MA. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ronberg, Gert. Published Ronberg, Gert. "Two North-West Midland Manuscripts Revisited." Neophilologus 67 (1983): 463-67. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two North-West Midland Manuscripts Revisited. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review From Cressman's abstract: "Examination of the internal structure of John Gower's 'Cinkante Balades' shows their organization to be more complex than previously recognized. The ballades are arranged into nine groups identified by the possession of common themes and internal linking devices. The nine thematic groups are placed within framing ballades dedicating the sequence to Henry IV on his coronation in 1399. From mutual affection to angry separation, the successive thematic groups form a sequence representing the inadequacy of earthly love, 'fin amour,' within a courtly setting. This view is presented within a general philosophical survey of love in which 'fin amour' and 'vrai amour,' brotherly love, are subsumed within 'bon amour,' or divine love . . . . Analysis of the style, form, and larger structural patterns of the 'Balades' shows significant similarities with [French court] lyrics, especially those of Machaut and Froissart. However, the complex thematic arrangement and the philosophical overview of love to be found in the 'Cinkante Balades; are unapproached elsewhere in French or English poetry of the fourteenth century." Author/Editor Author/Editor Cressman, Russell. Published Cressman, Russell. "Gower's Cinkante Balades and French Court Lyrics." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1983. 248 pp. Dissertation Abstracts International A44.04 (1983). Full text accessible at ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (restricted); accessed February 21, 2022. Gower Subject Cinkante Balades Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's Cinkante Balades and French Court Lyrics. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The scribe of the Hengwrt and Ellesmere manuscripts of the "Canterbury Tales" also copied most of the "Confessio Amantis" in Cambridge, Trinity College MS R.3.2. Samuels terms the scribe's exemplar "conventional" in its orthography, but the scribe ("B") subsequently translated most of this "into the normal Hengwrt-Ellesmere spelling." Whether Hengwrt and Ellesmere reflect Chaucer's own spelling thus remains in doubt: "He transforms Gower's spelling with such obviously practised ease and consistency that it is difficult to believe that he was acting very differently when he copied Chaucer." "Scribe D," in the same Trinity manuscript, made other copies of both the "Confessio" and the "Canterbury Tales," but due to the variability of his exemplars and his own scribal habits, few conclusions can be drawn. [TWM. Copyright. John Gower Society eJGN 41.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Samuels, M. L Published Samuels, M. L. "Chaucer's Spelling." In Middle English Studies: Presented to Norman Davis in Honour of His Seventieth Birthday, ed. Douglas Gray and E. G. Stanley. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1983). Pp. 17-37. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Spelling. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In varying levels of detail, Harris discusses six manuscripts that she terms "bad texts," that is, "texts appearing in the form of extracts," where "the intrusions of the medieval manuscript compiler or the editor (or both) are most obvious" (27-28): Princeton University Library Garrett 136 (early fifteenth century), Manchester, Chetham's Library A.7.38 (6696) (early sixteenth century), London, British Library Harley 7333, Oxford, Balliol College 354, New Haven, Beinecke Library Takamiya 32 (Richard Hill's commonplace book), and Cambridge, University Library Ee. ii. 15. She mentions incidentally Oxford, Bodleian Library Rawlinson D 82, Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College 176/97, Oxford, Trinity College D 29, and San Marino, Huntington Library HM 144 (the latter two she traces to the Augustinian priory at Bisham). In most of these, but not all, the tales have been cut free of the frame narrative, and in many cases retold in prose (32-33). The Balliol, Takamiya, and Cambridge Ee. ii. 15 manuscripts show many similarities, suggesting some form of common origin, "probably a series of extracts rather than a complete copy of Gower's poem" (34). The texts of those delivered in rhyme have been heavily edited, broadly reflecting, Harris opines, changes over time in preferred forms of rhyme (35-39). She concludes: "In so far as the intrusions of the medieval editors in Gower's poetry are made on purely aesthetic grounds they can be said to provide the earliest true criticism of the 'Confessio.' In this lies the chief virtue of bad texts. That they should also provide information on the history of poetics was a virtue hardly to be expected" (40). [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Harris, Kate. Published Harris, Kate. "John Gower's 'Confessio Amantis': The Virtues of Bad Texts." In Derek Pearsall, ed. Manuscripts and Readers in Fifteenth-Century England (York: York Medieval Press, 1983). Pp. 27-40. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower's "Confessio Amantis": The Virtues of Bad Texts Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Smith's primary focus is the language of London, British Library MS Harley 7334--a "Canterbury Tales"--but by way of getting to that, he extends the argument of Doyle and Parkes, regarding the five scribes of Cambridge, Trinity College R. 3. 2, by pursuing especially their Scribe D. "The trouble with D," he notes, "is that the forms he uses to replace Gowerian features and the features he retains from Gower do not . . . form any consistent dialectal picture" (108). Smith explains this by positing that "the nature of the scribe's repertoire is changing under the influence of the manuscripts he is copying" (109)--i.e., Scribe D (who probably came from North Worcestershire [110]), because he copied more Gower manuscripts than anything else, was most influenced by forms natural to Gower, "localised to two smallish areas of South West Suffolk and North West Kent" (107). Smith shows the evolution of Scribe D's spelling by comparing the chronological development of "Gowerian" forms in four manuscripts: Oxford, Corpus Christi College B. 67, London, British Library, Egerton 1991, Oxford, Bodleian Library 294, and Bodleian Fairfax 3 (100).] [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Smith, Jeremy J. Published Smith, Jeremy J. "Linguistic Features of Some Fifteenth-Century Middle English Manuscripts." In Derek Pearsall, ed. Manuscripts and Readers in Fifteenth-Century England (York: York Medieval Press, 1983). Pp. 104-12. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Linguistic Features of Some Fifteenth-Century Middle English Manuscripts. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Waterhouse and Stephens discuss the principle of retrospectivity, by which they mean how the poet organizes the poem to cause readers at the end of a poem or passage to reassess what they thought they learned at its beginning. They suggest that medieval writers differ from others in subsequent periods in that they were content to leave readers in suspense at the end of their poems without necessarily a conclusion that reconciles the whole work. They identify three kinds of retrospectivity: simple (information at the end of a passage changes what one thought at the beginning: e.g., "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"); complex (what seemed like a minor detail now appears major: e.g, "The Tale of Florent"); cumulative (one needs to constantly reconsider what one is reading throughout: e.g., "Beowulf"). The authors focus on "Florent" as an example of complex retrospectivity by suggesting that the description of the hag is suppressed when she first appears and her loathliness is determined throughout the tale by Florent's attitude toward her. Similarly, in the "Confessio Amantis," Gower writes in Book 1 about what he did "in his youth," a statement that seems more significant when Venus shows him in Book 8 that he is an old man. [CEB. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Waterhouse, Ruth. Stephens, John. Published Waterhouse, Ruth, and John Stephens. "The Backward Look: Retrospectivity in Medieval Literature." Southern Review: Essays in the New Humanities 16.3 (1983): 356-73. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Backward Look: Retrospectivity in Medieval Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Green's essay covers an extraordinary range of literary chronology, from Alanus Capellanus to earl Rivers, tutor to the young Edward IV, and almost everyone in between, on both sides of the Channel. His ostensible purpose is to determine the reality of the "cour amoureuse." Were there any such, and if so, in what style or sense? Ultimately he concludes that "If the courts of love in the late middle ages were indeed little more than a literary embellishment of one side of life in the real court (their plaintiffs court poets, their lawsuits literary debates, their 'billes' actual poems) then it is in the literature itself that we might hope to come closest to the reality" (108). Gower is not one of the "four examples" that constitute his focus, but in the process he cites Gower's treatment of the love court in the "Confessio," connecting it with that of Richard II and Anne of Bohemia (91-92), while noting of the court's appearance in Book VIII that "Gower's view is far from uncritical, of course, and to appreciate the full irony of Venus' rejection of Amans at the end we should recall that it was the accepted duty of the head of a real household to look after old servants" (92). Gower figures one further time, as Green notes that for Gower the "familia Cupidinis" ("family of Cupid") was "not . . . a formal assembly however playfully realized, but as the metaphorical expression of an aspect of courtly society--in this case, its jurisdiction over all forms of polite behaviour" (100). [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Green, Richard Firth. Published Green, Richard Firth. "The Familia Regis and the Familia Cupidinis." In V. J. Scattergood and J. W. Sherborne, eds. English Court Culture in the Later Middle Ages (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983), pp. 87-108. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Familia Regis and the Familia Cupidinis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This study of T&C, which we ought to have noticed here somewhat sooner, is notable for its use of VC to create what Wood openly calls a "Gowerian" reading of Chaucer's poem (pp. 168-69). The passages from VC that he draws upon most heavily are the opening chapters of Book 5, on love and knighthood; Book 6, chapter 12, on the king; the indictment of contemporary England in Book 7, chapter 24; and the general treatment of free will and fortune in Books 1 and 2. Citing the dedication of T&C to "moral Gower" and the likelihood of extensive personal contacts between the two men, he argues that Chaucer could not have presented the poem to Gower if it contained a view of love radically different from the dedicatee's. He concludes that T&C, like VC, is a condemnation of illicit passion, particularly among the nobility; that like VC, it was written at least in part in response to the grave social and political disturbances of the 1370's; and that "the issues of love, freedom, marriage, and loyalty in Old Troy [in T&C] are essentially the same as those treated by John Gower in his poem Vox Clamantis about the New Troy" (p. 165). Wood refers to CA only in passing, and then implying it advances the same straightforward view of love as VC; he gives short shrift to the suggestions that Gower's reading of T&C might have inspired the more complex and more sophisticated treatment of love in CA. On at least one small point Wood may be corrected: the many references to blind ness in a poem dedicated to Gower are merely coincidental, for the Dedicatory Epistle to VC that Wood cites as evidence of Gower's blind ness (p. 162) was only added after 1399. Reviews by Ian Bishop, SAC, 7 (1985), 270-72; and A.V.C. Schmidt, Medium AEvum, 55 (1986), 135-37). [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 8.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Wood, Chauncey Published Wood, Chauncey. "The Elements of Chaucer's Troilus." Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1984 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Elements of Chaucer's Troilus. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Duke University Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The revised passages in the prologue and epilogue to recensions 'two' and 'three' of CA contain no specific evidence of Gower's repudiation of King Richard. There is no good reason why Gower should have become disenchanted with the king in 1392 or 1393, and even less reason why, given his disenchantment, he should have transferred his allegiance to Richard's cousin Henry. The new dedication in the later versions, therefore, was not a political event but simply a natural tribute to a patron; and only after 1399 did CA, like VC, take on the marks of Gower's adherence to the Lancastrians for which the poet is now so well remembered." [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 7.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Nicholson, Peter Published Nicholson, Peter. "The Dedications of Gower's Confessio Amantis." Mediaevalia 10 (1984), pp. 159-80. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Dedications of Gower's Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Yeager studies the poet's "art of allusion" through a close reading of the first 466 lines of Book 6 of CA. "Interweaving material drawn from various sources," he concludes, "Gower creates a intricately-textured poetry designed to portray the evils of drunkenness on three levels simultaneously: as social problem (love-drunkenness), as moral problem (drunkenness as sin, as loss of reason, etc.), and finally as spiritual problem of the highest kind (thirst of the soul for 'living water' which ends all thirst by faith and grace)" (p. 211). The conjunction of the amatory and the moral senses is part of the basic thematic pattern of CA; in this passage, however, using the equation between love and wine, Gower is particularly successful in linking "gluttonous intoxication" with the effects of love, both in Genius' discourse and in Amans' description of his own loss of reason. Like the drunkard, Amans is less satisfied the more he "drinks" of his rapturous vision of his lady, and what he really needs is a "reles" (6.253) from his driving need rather than more "wine." The spiritual dimension is introduced more subtly, first through Amans' allusions to "paradise" and the suggestion of higher objects of love; then in his unwitting allusion to the living well of John 4:1-15 in 6.276-91. The imagery of this passage is echoed in the allusion to Philippians 4:7 in "Jupiter's Two Tuns," and in a more complex way in the tale of "Bacchus in the Desert," which links "thirst" to "grace" with allusions to John 4:19-24, Genesis 22:12-13, and Apoc. 22:1 and 17. Gower has made two important additions to his source in this tale, Bacchus' prayer, and the reference to Bacchus as Jupiter's son, which creates a parallel to Christ and God the Father that informs the Biblical allusions in the tale. The link between Jupiter and God and between Bacchus and Christ is also found in another context in Ovide Moralise', which may explain Gower's substitution of "Bacchus" for the less familiar name "Liber" used by Hyginus. Here and elsewhere, according to Yeager, Gower invokes the familar "Christianization" of classical narrative of Ovide Moralise' as an "allegorical back-up" to the web of allusion that he has created in his own poetry. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 7.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yeager, R.F Published Yeager, R.F. "John Gower and the Uses of Allusion." Res Publica Litterarum 7 (1984), pp. 201-13. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower and the Uses of Allusion Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Chaucer's Man of Law correctly reads Gower's intent in treating incest, that is, as sin unmitigated by "lawe of kinde." The story of Canace and Machaire, often cited as evidence of Gower's acceptance of natural responses when followed in innocence, is better understood as "the essential image" of the "wild aberration of sexual love." Since Chaucer never offers us characters who finally abandon themselves in passion, Gower's courage exceeds his friend's here; yet because of his willingness to portray passion directly, Gower "seems unable to provide any practical penitential 'remedy' for those enslaved by such sins." As a result, CA is a flawed penitential effort, although "a more complex literary achievement than we might expect from 'moral' Gower. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 4.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Benson, C. David Published Benson, C. David. "Incest and Moral Poetry in Gower's Confessio Amantis." Chaucer Review 19 (1984), pp. 100-109. ISSN 0009-2002 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incest and Moral Poetry in Gower's Confessio Amantis. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Penn State University Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Two penitential manuals, Handlyng Synne and Myrc's Instructions for Parish Priests are compared to CA in order "to point out the extensive use of penitential material in the poem--too extensive to be ignored." A didactic reading of the poem permits many of the 'digressions' (like Book VII and the extensive courtly elements) to be seen as parts of a consistent whole, the purpose of which is to show that "proper Christian behavior leads to a reasoned, ordered universe." [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 4.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kinneavy, Gerald Published Kinneavy, Gerald. "Gower's Confessio Amantis and the Penitentials." Chaucer Review 19 (1984), pp. 144-161. ISSN 0009-2002 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's Confessio Amantis and the Penitentials. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Penn State University Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The three groups into which Macauley divided the manuscripts of the first recension do not represent three stages of the author's revision but scribal corruption instead, and the version that Mcauley considered fully revised was actually Gower's original. This conclusion has a number of consequences for the study of the poem. Since MS B, which contains the Ricardian dedication but the revised conclusion, draws its opening from a late and corrupt (rather than an early, "unrevised") manuscript of recension one, B is not derived from an author's working copy in the midst of revision, as Macauley believed, but is instead an editorial composite, combining separate manuscript traditions into a single continuous text. Macauley's beliefs about the order of composition of "recension two" an "recension three" are therefore brought into question. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 4.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Nicholson, Peter Published Nicholson, Peter. "Gower's Revisions in the Confessio Amantis." Chaucer Review 19 (1984), pp. 123-143. ISSN 0009-2002 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's Revisions in the Confessio Amantis. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Penn State University Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Although Gower speaks of it, both he and Chaucer in fact practice the "middel weie" of writing; but, while Chaucer seems to adopt a center style because he "meanders" between extremes, Gower has his sights firmly on his goal, and claims the plain style and subject-matter purposefully. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 4.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Shaw, Judith Davis Published Shaw, Judith Davis. "Lust and Lore in Gower and Chaucer." Chaucer Review 19 (1984), pp. 110-122. ISSN 0009-2002 Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lust and Lore in Gower and Chaucer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Penn State University Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Since the Confessio Amantis was still unwritten when Chaucer completed his Troilus and Criseyde, the "moral Gower" mentioned in the closing stanzas could only have been known by his earlier (and entirely didactic) works in French and Latin. An examination of the opening lines of these poems shows that they too address some of the ideas about the use of pagan (classical) imagery so troublesome to Chaucer, and also preach an uncompromising unworldliness resembling Troilus's rejection of "lust" from the eighth sphere. In dedicating his poem to Gower, then, Chaucer knew what he was doing--a point driven home further by the absence of the word "moral" in English prior to this context. The term fits a Senecan Gower perfectly--the public persona he had established for himself by the early 1380's--and so helps us see the closing lines of Troilus as serious matter. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 4.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yeager, R.F Published Yeager, R.F. ""O Moral Gower": Chaucer's Dedication of Troilus and Criseyde." Chaucer Review 19 (1984), pp. 87-99. ISSN 0009-2002 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "O Moral Gower": Chaucer's Dedication of Troilus and Criseyde. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Penn State University Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Minnis succinctly puts his thesis thus: "Thirteenth-century schoolmen produced a critical vocabulary which enabled the literary features of Scriptural texts to be analsed thoroughly, and which encouraged the emergence in the fourteenth century of a more liberal attitude to classical poetry. Something of the new status which had been afforded to Scriptural poetry in particular and to the poetic and rhetorical modes employed throughout Scripture in general, seems to have 'rubbed off' on secular poetry" (p. 6). Minnis goes on to illustrate Gower's dependence on a literary theory propounded initially by Scriptural exegesis. He shows, first, how this theory helped to shape the Vox Clamantis (viewed as an example of prophetic writing in the 'forma prophetialis'), then discusses Gower's adaptation of the role of philosopher/teacher in the Confessio Amantis. In the CA, Amans/Gower and Gower the 'auctor' (which voice appears in the Latin marginalia) are used skillfully to place the theme of love firmly within an ethical context. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Minnis, A. J Published Minnis, A. J. "Medieval Theory of Authorship: Scholastic Literary Attitudes in the Later Middle Ages." London: Scolar Press, 1984 ISBN 0859676412 Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medieval Theory of Authorship: Scholastic Literary Attitudes in the Later Middle Ages. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scolar Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Shows that Gower's inclusion of sorcery and witchcraft as aspects of gluttony in Book 6 of the Confessio Amantis is far from anomalous or mistaken, as it is often considered; rather, Gower was working within a tradition traceable to the gospels and throughout the penitential works derived from the Somme le Roi in which gluttony and witchcraft were linked as "sins of the mouth." [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yeager, R.F Published Yeager, R.F. "Aspects of Gluttony in Chaucer and Gower." Studies in Philology 81 (1984), pp. 42-55. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aspects of Gluttony in Chaucer and Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This article relates the medieval sacrament of confession, and the manuals created to support it, to the emergence of true literary characters in late medieval fiction. Braswell's main focus is Ricardian (late fourteenth-century English) poetry, including the "Confessio Amantis. As mandatory auricular confession took root in European culture following the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), "the sinner" became "a complex individual who could both understand and articulate his feelings and actions . . . [he could also] convincingly change . . . " (40). Essential to character development in fiction was an interlocutor, not necessarily a priest, who questions the sinner to discover her personal situation and guide her inner progress. First, Braswell outlines the profusion of instructional manuals for priest and penitent on how to make a good confession. These include examples of dialogue in the first person, with the priest asking questions and sometimes answering with instruction on points unclear to the penitent. The confessor invariably started off with questions on the deadly sin of pride, as it was first important to break down the sinner's "self"--only as a penitent-in-progress does the sinner have a character, not after a full confession. By giving detail on the many branches of sin, the manuals encourage the priest to engage the penitent in "a moral psychodrama" allowing for "a variety of plots" (43) as every sin had a unique array of characteristics. Over time, this concern for interiority and motive gave rise to character development in literature (46-47). Turning to the four great Ricardian poets, Braswell explains how the priest-figure who elicits character development needn't be a priest, nor is the confessant necessarily contrite. In "Piers Plowman," the personified Seven Deadly Sins confess defiantly, as does Lady Meed to a corrupt friar. Among the Ricardians, Gower in CA follows most closely the sacramental question-and-answer process as set forth in the manuals. Like a true penitent, Amans changes character in the course of his confession: "Earlier, he had asked his confessor to shrive him so that 'ther schal nothing be left behinde.' Having lost his sinful nature, he has lost his personality as well. He begins as an egotistical sinner and ends as a humble old man" (50). While auricular confession was abolished by the reformation in England, the "sinner as a literary character" lived on into the English Renaissance, especially in tragic theater (52). [LBB. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Braswell, Mary Flowers. Published Braswell, Mary Flowers. "Poet and Sinner: Literary Characterization and the Mentality of the Late Middle Ages." Fifteenth-Century Studies 10 (1984): 39-56. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Poet and Sinner: Literary Characterization and the Mentality of the Late Middle Ages. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This brief article compares Chaucer's "Wife of Bath's Tale" with three Middle English analogues: Gower's "Tale of Florent" in the "Confessio Amantis," "The Marriage of Sir Gawayne," and "The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell." In Gower's version, and the two other analogues, the central male character agrees to marry the loathly lady as a condition of her revealing the secret to him, and all three men--more or less happily--carry out their side of the bargain without disputing it. In Chaucer's version, the nameless knight accepts the lady's offer of help without prior knowledge that marriage to her will be the "quid pro quo." Once he has been saved, and she demands that he pay up, the knight denies ever consenting to the union and tries to argue his way out of it, but he is ultimately forced to marry her. The theme of coerced marriage is especially suited to the Wife of Bath as narrator, as she has experienced five marriages where verbal abuse and physical brutality were experienced on both sides. The Wife is unable to imagine marriage except as a contest "in which one spouse must forcefully struggle to dominate the other" (241). [LBB. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Glasser, Marc. Published Glasser, Marc. "'He Nedes Moste Hire Wedde': The Forced Marriage in the 'Wife of Bath's Tale' and Its Middle English Analogues." Neuphilologische Mitteilungen: Bulletin de la Société Néophilologique /Bulletin of the Modern Language Society 85 (1984): 239-41. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "He Nedes Moste Hire Wedde": The Forced Marriage in the "Wife of Bath's Tale" and Its Middle English Analogues. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "Heaven has always fascinated man. Expressions of the heavenly ideal are so varied that no examination would be possible were it not for an unusual occurrence in England of the fourteenth century. Four poets of extraordinary ability and similar backgrounds wrote extensively of heaven. Chaucer, Gower, Langland, and the 'Pearl' poet were deeply concerned about the state of the Church, aware of the nature of man, and steadfast in their hope of heaven. Inspired by their environment, in which virtually every influence reflected a preoccupation with the heavenly motif, the four poets consistently declare the reality of heaven's existence. Basing their accounts primarily on Biblical evidence, they depict heaven as a remote kingdom, inaccessible to man, yet infinitely desirable. The four poets agree, moreover, that heaven influences earth. They relate accounts of heavenly beings' visitations to warn, punish, rescue, or comfort earthly inhabitants. They describe the astrological and elemental forces of heaven that influence the world of men. Indeed, the very language of the poets reflects the prevalence of the heavenly theme. In benedictions and invocations, the poets themselves address heaven. In their narratives, saints implore heaven's blessings and sinners swear by its might. To lovely creatures, locales, and circumstances, the poets ascribe the heavenly attributes of beauty, joy, and perdurability. Comparing the poets' views with the voices of the Church in the fourteenth century reveals that the poets are entirely orthodox. Their writings agree that the ultimate goal of human endeavor is the attainment of heaven. They accept the traditional notions that one enters the heavenly kingdom through obedience to God's laws, virtuous behavior, the sacraments of the Church, or the grace of God. To see heresy in their writings or deny the poets their rightful calling by portraying them as reformers is both inappropriate and misleading. For they wrote, not to motivate man, but to understand him. Realizing the importance of the direction and intensity of one's aspirations, they offer a consistent vision: the goal of life is infinite perfection." [eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lawes, Rochie Whittington. Published Lawes, Rochie Whittington. "The Heaven of Fourteenth-Century English Poets: An Examination of the Paradisaical References in the English Works of Chaucer, Gower, Langland, and the 'Pearl' Poet." Ph.D. Diss. University of Mississippi 1984. DAI 45(4): 1111A. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Heaven of Fourteenth-Century English Poets: An Examination of the Paradisaical References in the English Works of Chaucer, Gower, Langland, and the "Pearl" Poet. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This essay focuses on one of the central differences between Chaucer's "Wife of Bath's Tale" and its Middle English analogues, including Gower's "Tale of Florent." Glasser points out that Chaucer's is the only version in which the knight is not fully aware that the ultimate price of the answer to the question will be marrying the old woman, and that this difference suggests the knight's marriage represents "forced consent" befitting the Wife of Bath's domineering character. The brevity of this essay reflects its cursory interrogation of the subject. The issue of consent (in marriage, sexual union, and elsewhere) is central to both Chaucer's and Gower's works, and this essay does not explore that issue, or attempt to define it historically, in any great detail. In characterizing the difference, the essay notes, "Only in Chaucer's version does the knight state in absolutely clear terms that he does not consent to marry the hag: 'Taak al my good, and lat my body go'" (241). But that statement is not dissent; rather it is a counteroffer in this contractual negotiation, and one that Florent also offers: "Florent behihte hire good ynowh / Of lond, of rente, of park, of plowh" (1.1555-1556). A stronger case for lack of consent in Chaucer's version might be made by exploring the fact that Chaucer notes the knight "Constreyned was": "he nedes moste hire wedde," (1071), since that line literally refers to being compelled or forced ("constreinen") into the agreement. The essay insightfully remarks that the Wife of Bath is unable to "envision a marriage unsullied by the dominance of her will," but while Chaucer's is the only version where marriage is not immediately understood as the price to be paid, it is not unique in the knight's resistance to that offer before consenting. [BWG. Copyright. The John Gower Society eJGN 40.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Glasser, Marc. Published Glasser, Marc. "'He Nedes Moste Hire Wedde': The Forced Marriage in the Wife of Bath's Tale and Its Middle English Analogues." Neuphilologische Mitteilungen: Bulletin de la Société Néophilologique/Bulletin of the Modern Language Society 85.2 (1984): 239-41. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "He Nedes Moste Hire Wedde": The Forced Marriage in the Wife of Bath's Tale and Its Middle English Analogues Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A discursive bibliography of Gower materials, covering years 1960-1983, with sub-sections on Editions and Translations, Bibliographies, Biographies and Portraits, Language Studies and Stylistics, Source Studies, Critical Studies, and Future Directions. Observes that the "volume and quantity of recent scholarship points toward a growing audience of informed readers at many levels" (3). However, "Gower studies have yet to be launched fully" (19), particularly because relatively "little work has been done on the poetry in languages other than Middle English" (20). [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society eJGN 41.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yeager, Robert F. Published Yeager, Robert F. "The Poetry of John Gower: Important Studies, 1960-1983." In Robert F. Yeager, ed. Fifteenth-Century Studies: Recent Essays. Hamden, Conn.: Archon, 1984, pp. 3-28. Gower Subject Bibliographies, Reports, and Research Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Poetry of John Gower: Important Studies, 1960-1983. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This article deals with five late medieval English poets, focusing on their choice to "present themselves to us in the speaking voice of . . . a framing persona" (250). Payne begins with a warning against our post-Romantic expectation that the author-persona's voice will disclose the personal feelings of the author himself (249). For Payne, the question to ask is how the poets used their author-persona to propose their own "alternative models of the poetic process," with "significantly different models . . . seen." In general, both Chaucer and Gower preferred the model whereby "readers of poems . . . listen to other fallible men speaking" rather taking in ideas from an unquestioned voice of authority (250). Both Chaucer and Gower used their persona-voices to communicate--or so they tell their readers--the wisdom of ancient sources, never acknowledging a recent or an English source (252). Both use humility topoi--e.g. the befuddled "Geffrey" in the "Hous of Fame," doddering old Gower in the "Vox" and the "Confessio"--to humanize their voice, yet still convey wisdom (253). There are differences. Per Payne, Chaucer changes his persona from poem to poem to fit his purposes, while "Gower" is one character throughout, and unlike Chaucer, Gower is "never comic" (253). There is no acknowledgment of the way that Gower himself used the term "persona" as he switched personas to speak as the ludicrous Amans. Despite his frailties, the Gower-persona has wisdom to impart--from his "auctores . . . [like himself] a succession of good old boys" (254). In his discussion of the three later poets, Payne describes the persistence of the "speaking" voice in their use of the persona, while noting a watershed difference--all three poets present themselves as legatees of a great English tradition, mainly personified by Chaucer (255-60). [LBB. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Payne, Robert O. Published Payne, Robert O. "Late Medieval Images and Self-Images of the Poet: Chaucer, Gower, Lydgate, Henryson, Dunbar." In Lois Ebin, ed. Vernacular Poetics in the Middle Ages (Kalamazoo, Mich.: Medieval Institute Publications, 1984). Pp. 249-61. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric , and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Late Medieval Images and Self-Images of the Poet: Chaucer, Gower, Lydgate, Henryson, Dunbar. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Diller, Hans-Jürgen. Published Diller, Hans-Jürgen. "'For Engelondes sake': Richard II and Henry of Lancaster as Intended Readers of Gower's 'Confessio Amantis.'" In Ulrich Broich, Theo Stemmler, and Gerd Stratmann, eds. Functions of Literature: Essays Presented to Erwin Wolff on His Sixtieth Birthday. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1984. Pp. 39-53. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Biography of Gower Review Diller here discusses the literary "functions" of the Ricardian and Lancastrian recensions of Gower's "Confessio Amantis." His discussion is complicated--framed by a brief, weighty theorization of literary functions, both overt and covert--but after a close reading of the altered lines Diller briskly summarizes what he believes to be the impact of the changes Gower made to the Prologue of his poem: "The revision of only 69 lines (out of a total of 33,444) has brought about an astonishing change in the explicit functions of CA: amusement has been replaced by instruction and exhortation; praise of the monarch, by a criticism of society and the hope for one who may reform it; the desire for personal advancement, by a concern for common good. In short, a 'bok for king Richardes sake' (Pr. 24*) has been really turned into a 'bok for Engelondes sake' (Pr. 24)" (45). Turning to Gower's replacement of Book VIII, 2941*-3114* with 2941-3172, Diller asserts that "Gower felt that he could not alter the frame [of CA] without altering the ending" (46) and, again closely reading changes in details, says that, if we can hazard "[r]educing Gower to a simplifying formula [in the revised version], we may say that the king has to be virtuous, while the nobles have to be virtuous and strong," (48), with Henry as an apt "representative" of the latter. Further, Gower changed the "position of earthly love," Diller tells us: "toleration" of happy love . . ."--a complimentary reference to Richard and his queen" in the first version--has been eliminated and such love "is now only a force that drives men into error" (49), an "inconsistency" with the status of love throughout the poem, Diller suggests, that Gower "accepted . . . [as] necessary on account of the new Epilogue." Somewhat more tentatively, Diller accounts for the elimination of Venus's reference to Chaucer in the revision, not because of any "estrangement" (50) between Gower and Chaucer, but because Gower "may have hoped to earn favours which so far had been reserved for the younger poet" but did not wish to "hint at a possible reward . . . from Henry [though he soon received one] as openly as he had done in his dedication to the king." "Mere lucre," Diller maintains, "had little attraction" for the prosperous Gower, and an "outward sign of recognition" would probably have been sufficient for Gower since his "subsequent attitude to Henry indicates as much" (51). Much of this is inferential, as Diller acknowledges when he observes that it is "safer" for him attend to the "values articulated in [Gower's] poetry" than to his "personal ambition" (52)--two different levels of function in Diller's theoretical scheme. With this shift in focus, and a nod to the Merciless Parliament, Diller rather swiftly concludes his essay by suggesting that Richard may not have approved of Gower's views on constraint of royal power, and that it was a "skilful move" for Gower to turn to Henry as "another high-ranking member of the royal family" who might well be willing to sanction these views as a "legitimation of political practices which have become current without being accepted as legitimate" (53). [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "For Engelondes sake": Richard II and Henry of Lancaster as Intended Readers of Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Stemmler here comments on Gower's "Vox Clamantis" (particularly the "Visio" of Book 1) as one among eleven examples of political poetry written in response to the Revolt of 1381, in all cases, emphasizing "political effect" while identifying "artistic techniques" that support the politics (22). He surveys "the most important historical facts about the Revolt" (23) and then divides the eleven poems into two group: seven that express the "voice of the disadvantaged," centering on verse letters attributed to John Ball, and four (including VC) in which the "political position reflects contemporary orthodox doctrines" (35) and the use of Latin indicates an educated and/or courtly audience. Stemmler treats each work in turn as they together represent a "broad spectrum of political convictions" (38), although he generally speaks more favorably of those on the political left. Concerning VC, he remarks on the "immense apparatus of political / rhetorical artifice and numerous quotations from Latin authors" (35) and how, in his view, "artistic methods are subservient to the [conservative] political intent" of Gower's poem (38). [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Stemmler, Theo. Published Stemmler, Theo. "The Peasants' Revolt of 1381 in Contemporary Literature." In Ulrich Broich, Theo Stemmler, and Gerd Stratmann, eds. Functions of Literature: Essays Presented to Erwin Wolff on His Sixtieth Birthday. (Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1984). Pp. 21-38. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Peasants' Revolt of 1381 in Contemporary Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Only the third of Sargent's three "notes" pertains to Gower. Sub-titled "Religious Form, Amorous Matter: Chaucer's 'Legend of Good Women' and Gower's 'Confessio Amantis'" (pp. 159-80), it compares the two poems as "strikingly similar in many aspects." Sargent's tally of similarities begins with the fact that each work opens with reference to "books of former ages" (160), each "offers a vision in which the narrator is met by the court of the god of Love," each includes reference to the "debate of the flower and the leaf" (161), and each connects the court of its vision with the court of Richard II. This "similar framing device" is matched by a "similar generic motif: the parody of a major form of popular religious literature" (162), i.e., books of saints' lives in Chaucer's poem and a "version of the confessor's manual" (163) in Gower's. "Another similarity" of the two poems, Sargent tells us, "is that both poems exist in more than one recension" (172), positing that the poets may have shared "a common motive for revision": reducing or eliminating Ricardian material, perhaps because "political developments made it wise to obscure" such material (177). Next, Sargent apparently abandons his list of similarities--but only apparently--to consider the putative quarrel between Gower and Chaucer. He cites the references to tales of incest (Canace and Apollonius) in Chaucer's "Man of Law's Prologue" which, traditionally, underlie the idea of a quarrel which Sargent thinks, possibly, should "be interpreted as one friend's joke on another" (180). Earlier in his essay, Sargent had deduced that incest was crucial to Gower's parody of a confessional manual: after summarizing at length his views of the poem's presentation of how and to what extent six of the seven deadly sins and their branches align Christian morality and, parodically, courtly ethos (167-70), Sargent claims that Gower's "use of the format of the confessor's manual" raises a question "which should have been hovering in the consciousness of every medieval reader" of CA: "How can Lechery ever be considered a sin in a religion based on idealized eroticism?" (171). The only answer offered by Genius (and Gower) is incest, Sargent tells us, because incest is unnatural and "the only sin of Lechery that the religion of Cupid could admit" (179). Chaucer's "gentle parody" of Gower's parody, it seems, can "be taken as evidence of similar outlook" (180).] [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Sargent, Michael G. Published Sargent, Michael G. "Three Notes on Middle English Poetry and Drama." In Wilfried Haslauer, intro. A Salzburg Miscellany: English and American Studies 1964-1984. Salzburg: Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, Universität Salzburg, 1984. II: 131-80. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Three Notes on Middle English Poetry and Drama. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984