7 100 2176 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Walz's published dissertation provides a brief introduction to Gower's use of proverbs as well as an exhaustive catalogue. Walz opens with a general distinction between folk and literary proverb, and briefly compares Gower's tally of 290 proverbs to Chaucer's approximately 187 proverbs. There is some overlap (about 60 proverbs), but they probably did not borrow from each other. Walz lists some of Gower's major influences (the Bible, the Church Fathers, and the Latin authors), and feels that Gower may have read many of them directly, rather than using florilegia. The main body of the dissertation consists of Gower's proverbs organized by theme (e.g., human relationships, relationships to authority, human endeavor, etc.). The provenance of each proverb is also charted in some detail. The catalogue ends with a list of proverbs that either only have English provenance or are not known outside of Gower. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Walz, Gotthard Published Walz, Gotthard. "Das Sprichwort bei Gower, mit besonderem Hinweis auf Quellen und Parallelen." Nördlingen: Beck, 1907 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Das Sprichwort bei Gower, mit besonderem Hinweis auf Quellen und Parallelen Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Beck, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1907 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review From a manuscript closely resembling Bodleian 294. Prologue printed separately, as in Caxton, and includes Prologue 496-98, 579-84; Book I, 1403-06, 2267-74, 2343-58, 2369-72, and Book VIII, 2941-60 (Chaucer greeting) from Caxton's edition. Edition of 1554 corrects some errors and makes frequent substitutions of "i" for "y." [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Berthelette, Thomas, printer. Published Berthelette, Thomas, printer. De Confessione Amantis. London, 1532. 2nd ed. 1554. Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource De Confessione Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1532 2nd ed. 1554 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Treats "Confessio Amantis" as an "Ovidian" rather than as a "Boethian" poem and finds a particular sort of "dialogue" within CA. The form of the poem, he argues (as he has before), with its lengthy Prologue and its extensive marginal glossing, derives at least in part from the typical apparatus and vocabulary of the medieval commented versions of classical texts, particularly of Ovid. One of the issues raised by these earlier commentators was that of the moral "authority" of poetic texts, in comparison to those of philosophy. Dante set the example for applying the same question to vernacular poetry, particularly poetry concerned with love. In function, Gower's apparatus is very much like that of Dante's in the "Convivio": it attempts to show the moral usefulness of the work and to assert its claim to "authority"; and as Gower serves as critic of his own text, he also separates himself from it, distinguishing the auctor from his persona. Gower's effort was very different from Chaucer's, who neither sought "authority" for himself nor was inclined to attribute very much to his predecessors. The result, however, is not necessarily a complete congruence of all of the elements of CA, nor even a complete dominance of the Latin moralization over the vernacular portion of the poem. The tension between "auctor sapiens" and "persona amans" remains, Minnis asserts, following the model of the Ovidian tradition. And focusing on Amans rather than on Genius, Minnis argues that the vernacular portion of the poem, with its sympathetic treatment of human love, retains a self-justifying validity almost to the very end. The meaning of the poem is not summed up by its Latin glosses, therefore; and where there is a tension between Latin and vernacular, Gower must have been aware of it, and must have relished it. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 11.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Minnis, A. J Published Minnis, A. J. "De Vulgari Auctoritate: Chaucer, Gower and Men of Great Authority." In Chaucer and Gower: Difference, Mutuality, Exchange. Ed. Yeager, R.F.. ELS Monograph Series (51). Victoria, B.C.: English Literary Studies, 1991, pp. 36-74. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource De Vulgari Auctoritate: Chaucer, Gower and Men of Great Authority Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available English Literary Studies, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Nafde, Aditi. Published Nafde, Aditi. Deciphering the Manuscript Page: The "Mise-en-Page" of Chaucer, Gower, and Hoccleve Manuscripts. D.Phil Dissertation. University of Oxford, 2012. viii, 268 pp.; 11 illus. Dissertation Abstracts International C73.08 and C81.07(E). Fully accessible at https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b2c67783-b797-494a-b792-368c14d1fe49. Abstract available via ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confessio Amantis Review From Nafde's abstract: This thesis "offers close analysis of the 'mise-en-page' of the manuscripts of three central authors: Chaucer's, Gower's, and Hoccleve's manuscripts [which] were . . . produced when scribal methods for creating the literary page were still unformed. Previous studies have focused on the localised readings produced by single scribes, manuscripts, or authors, offering a limited examination of broader trends. This study offers a wider comparison . . . , analysing the layout of seventy-six manuscripts [twenty-six of Gower's Confessio Amantis], including borders, initials, paraphs, rubrics, running titles, speaker markers, glosses and notes, [and arguing] that scribes were deeply concerned with creating a manuscript page specifically to showcase texts of poetry. The introduction outlines current scholarship on 'mise-en-page' and defines the scribe as one who offers an individual response to the text on the page within the context of the inherited, commercial, and practical practices of layout. The three analytical chapters address the placement of the features of 'mise-en-page' in each of the seventy-six manuscripts, each chapter offering [one of three] contrasting manuscript situations. Chapter 1 analyses the manuscripts of Chaucer, who left no plan for the look of his page, causing scribes to make decisions on layout that illuminate fifteenth-century scribal responses to literature. These are then compared to the manuscripts of Gower in Chapter 2, directly or indirectly supervised by the poet, which display rigorous uniformity in their layout. This chapter argues that scribes responded in much the same way, despite the strict control over meaning. Chapter 3 focuses on Hoccleve's autograph manuscripts which are unique in demonstrating authorial control over layout. This chapter compares the autograph to the non-autograph manuscripts to argue that scribal responses differed from authorial intentions. . . . Focussing on the 'mise-en-page,' this thesis . . . mount[s] a substantial challenge to current perceptions that poetic manuscripts were laid out in order to assist readers' understanding of the meaning of the texts they contain. Instead, it argues that though there was a concern with representing the nuances of poetic meaning, often scribal responses to poetry were bound up with presenting poetic form." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deciphering the Manuscript Page: The "Mise-en-Page" of Chaucer, Gower, and Hoccleve Manuscripts. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Sharp, Joseph Ethan Blaine. Published Sharp, Joseph Ethan Blaine. "Definitions and Depictions of Rhetorical Practice in Medieval English Fürstenspiegel." PhD. Dissertation. University of Louisville, 2022. Open access at https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/3849 (accessed January 28, 2023). Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Vox Claamantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Review From Sharp's abstract: "After establishing the relevance of the "Fürstenspiegel" as a rhetorical genre in Chapter One, the dissertation provides three cases studies on John of Salisbury, John Gower, and John Lydgate that demonstrate how the rhetorical theories communicated in their "Fürstenspiegel" were responsive to particular cultural moments and resonated with contemporary political practices. Chapter Two analyzes how John of Salisbury positions rhetorical knowledge as necessary for the development of higher-order learning in the individual and compares the interpretive and inventive practices that John advocates in the "Metalogicon" and "Policraticus" with emerging methodologies for determining the truth of testimony and contingent situations in contemporary English jurisprudence. Chapter Three explores how John Gower's elevation of rhetoric to an epistemological category [especially in CA, Book VII, and VC Book I) establishes a political paradigm in which a sovereign's rhetorical efficacy is measured against his habituation to virtue, a paradigm that is challenged by Richard II's attempt to canonize Edward II. Finally, Chapter Four traces the development of rhetoric as a legitimated discipline within the king's household and details how John Lydgate leverages the professionalization of rhetoric to create a political system in which rhetorical intervention is achieved through rhetorical stylistics. In Chapter Five, the dissertation concludes by explaining how these case studies affect the field of medieval rhetorical historiography." [MA. eJGN 42.2] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Definitions and Depictions of Rhetorical Practice in Medieval English "Fürstenspiegel." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Report by A. Beyer on a paper delivered by Spies as a prolegomena to a lengthy study published by Spies in Englische Studien 28 (1900); entirely quoted from Spies' paper, with short opening by Beyer. Author/Editor Author/Editor Beyer, A. Spies, Heinrich Gower Subject Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Published Spies, Heinrich. "Den Gegenwärtigen Stand der Gower--Forschung and eine Kritische Neuausgabe der Confessio Amantis." Englische Studien 27 (1900): 466-48. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Den Gegenwärtigen Stand der Gower--Forschung and eine Kritische Neuausgabe der Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1900 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Links Gower with Langland and the author of "Wynnere and Wastoure" as socially-minded poets, concerned about moral decline at the end of the fourteenth century. In Japanese; original publication includes English abstract [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Oiji, Takero. Published Oiji, Takero. "Deploring and Praying: John Gower in the Prologus in the 'Confessio Amantis'." Bunka 36 (1970): 1012. Reprinted as Chapter 1 in "14 Seiki no Eibungaku" [English in the Fourteenth Century]. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1976. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deploring and Praying: John Gower in the Prologus in the "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "The thesis proposes that, with the 'Confessio Amantis' John Gower produced a philosophy of kingship that defended the freedoms of the king whilst accepting the legal possibility of royal deposition. This thesis will begin with a discussion of royal legitimacy, arguing that Gower saw heredity as the beginning in a king's search for legitimate authority and not the end. This discussion continues with the theory of separation and [the] relationship between the king and his crown, thereby placing Gower's view within its historical context. The thesis continues by analysing the relationship between the king and the law as descried in the 'Confessio Amantis.' Although Gower accepts that the king is above the law, he argues that a just ruler should willingly subjugate himself; he is not the crown but its first subject. A discussion of Gower's view of counsel follows this, arguing that the king has absolute freedom to choose royal councillors alongside total responsibility for the results; Gower will not allow his monarch to escape blame for his mistakes by hiding behind his advisors. Warfare is a constant theme within the 'Confessio Amantis,' and Gower's attitude has attracted much critical discussion. This thesis argues that Gower is uncompromising in his abhorrence of royal militarism, seeing it as a rejection of a king's duty to give peace and justice to his subjects. The thesis concludes with a discussion of a number of contemporary poetic texts. This allows the thesis to put the 'Confessio Amantis' within its literary context; there are places where the work is expressing relatively common sentiments and others where Gower is taking a stand on his own." Author/Editor Author/Editor Hodgson-Jones, T. J. Published Hodgson-Jones, T. J.  Deposition and the Absolute King: The 'Confessio Amantis' and Gower's Philosophy of Kingship. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of London, King's College, 2006. Dissertation Abstracts International C70.45. Abstract accessible via ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deposition and the Absolute King: The 'Confessio Amantis' and Gower's Philosophy of Kingship. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Examines Gower's attitudes towards the Peasants' Revolt as expressed in the MO and VC; concludes Gower was no democrat. A "Prospectus" for this study was also published in Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen 137 (1918): 128. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Eberhard, Oscar. Published Eberhard, Oscar. "Der Bauernaufstand vom Jahre 1381 in der englischen Poesie." Anglistische Forschungen 51 (1916): 13-15, 37-43. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Der Bauernaufstand vom Jahre 1381 in der englischen Poesie. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Outlines Gower's use of rhetoric in the CA primarily, with slight notice paid to its presence in MO and VC; examples of figures, mostly presented in comparison with Chaucer's practice. Author/Editor Author/Editor Naunin, Traugott. Published Naunin, Traugott. Der Einfluss der mittelalterlichen Rhetorik auf Chaucers Dichtung. Bonn, 1929, Excurs I, 57-60. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Der Einfluss der mittelalterlichen Rhetorik auf Chaucers Dichtung. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Summarizes Gower's criticisms of the Church for corruption found in MO, VC, and CA. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schneider, Rudolf. Published Schneider, Rudolf. "Der Monch in der englischen Dichtung bis auf Lewis's 'Monk,' 1795." Palaestra 155 (1928): 46-50. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Der Monch in der englischen Dichtung bis auf Lewis's 'Monk,' 1795. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Yeager's essay--part of a two-number special issue of "The Chaucer Review" that commemorates Derek Pearsall's many achievements in Middle English studies--fittingly describes Pearsall's most significant contributions to Gower scholarship. As Yeager makes clear, Pearsall twice received the John Gower Society's prestigious John Hurt Fisher Prize for these contributions--the first ever awarded in 1991 and then, most recently (with Linne Mooney), in 2023, the year after Pearsall's death at age 90. Yeager's survey covers more than fifty years, starting with Pearsall's landmark article in PMLA (1966), "Gower's Narrative Art," and running through his definitive "A Descriptive Catalogue of the English Manuscripts of John Gower's Confessio Amantis" (with Mooney; 2022). Along the way, Yeager rightly (and courteously) acknowledges Pearsall's general lack of attention to Gower's work other than the CA and his interest in the frame and narrative techniques of CA rather than its poetic style. Yeager identifies and exemplifies Pearsall's early appreciation of Gower's humor and humane sensibility and appreciates Pearsall's "great gift as a literary critic" in finding in CA the "large truth in the particular," thereby pointing "the path forward for a generation of modern scholarly readers" (488-89). Comparative analysis, Yeager shows, is fundamental to Pearsall's critical sensibility: "striking off Gower, Langland, Lydgate, and Chaucer, one or another against the other" (483), with similar "illustrative comparison" deployed when Pearsall discloses Gower's "purposive, rhetorical forays" (488) by juxtaposing Gower's tales and Ovidian sources. Yeager's comments on Pearsall's work with Gower manuscripts are equally complimentary and just. Several examples: he characterizes Pearsall's "Manuscripts and Illustrations of Gower's Works" (2004) as still the "handiest go-to resource for short questions of location, dating, or shelfmark," and tells us that Pearsall's essay on the Wollaton Hall Gower manuscript (2010) contains "perhaps the most instructive exposition extant of the creative and technical processes underlying the production of late medieval literary manuscripts" (491). More than forty years in the making, the "Descriptive Catalogue" "provides information in unprecedented quantity, quality, and variety, in a format readily accessible and uniform" (492). These and many other words of praise--appropriate and expected in a commemorative essay--distill Pearsall's sensitive, sensible, and above all, useful Gowerian work, crucial in the development of Gower studies. [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yeager, R. F. Published Yeager, R. F. "Derek Pearsall and John Gower." Chaucer Review 58, nos. 3-4 (2023): 481-93. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Derek Pearsall and John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Blatt uses "data" to study "hundreds of English wills written between 1400 and 1499 to evaluate descriptive trends employed by book owners of the late Middle Ages that clarify how they conceptualized miscellanies" (683). One will, that of Elizabeth Childrey Kyngeston Findern (d. 1463), records the potential passing of her "boke called Gower" to her son Thomas, an ardent Lancastrian supporter who lost his head after the battle of Hexham in 1464 (685). Blatt considers, without entirely resolving, whether the "boke called Gower" might be the miscellany now known as the Findern manuscript, which contains "excerpts from John Gower's 'Confessio Amantis' alongside some of Chaucer's short poems and works by Thomas Hoccleve, John Lydgate, and others" (683). Blatt suggests as possibilities for the description in the will (which she prints in full, as Appendix A, 696-97) that the "boke called Gower" could indeed be a multitext manuscript and mark the first documentary appearance of the Findern manuscript. It is also possible that the "boke called Gower" represents only a fascicle that was, after its distribution following Kyngeston's death, added to and bound with others to fashion the multitext Findern manuscript" (694). [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 44.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Blatt, Heather. Published Blatt, Heather. "Describing Miscellanies in Late Medieval English Wills." The Huntington Library Quarterly 85 (2022): 683-704. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Describing Miscellanies in Late Medieval English Wills. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Stone provides a brief history and chronology of the process of medieval manuscript acquisitions at Wadham College and an overview of the current catalogues of the College's collection. Of the eight medieval manuscripts catalogued here, one--MS 13--contains Gower's "Confessio Amantis" and "Traitié" (catalogued at 472–476). The manuscript is from England, perhaps Chester, and dates to c. 1470. The manuscript is paper, and its foliation is ii + 446 + ii, where fol. ii is a vellum flyleaf; fols 447–448 are post-medieval endleaves. Stone notes two scribes, both writing in a late mixed cursive hand: Scribe A can be localised to Derbyshire and Scribe B to the Staffordshire-Derbyshire border (475). They originally wrote consecutively but a later misbinding led to Scribe A's hand at 1-169v, 273-288v, and Scribe B's hand at 170-272v, 289-446v. Gower's CA runs from fols. 1–442r. Macaulay places MS 13 in his third recension of the text, stating that it derived from Bodleian, MS Fairfax 3. Stone notes "significant confusion in the prologue regardless of binding errors" (473). The Traitié follows on fols. 442v-446v. Stone then describes the manuscript's collation, textual decoration and presentation, additions, binding, and provenance. It contains authorial marginalia in Latin. Additions are in both English and Latin, including chronicle entries, a list of Chester sheriffs and mayors, "a long note regarding the composition of Gower's 'Confessio' . . . copied in a s. xv/xvi hand" (474) which references Richard II's reign and the work's dedication to Henry, musical notation, and individual alphabet letters and doodles. [RM. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Stone, Zachary E. Published Stone, Zachary E. "Descriptive Catalogue of Eight Medieval Manuscripts from Wadham College, Oxford." The Library: The Transactions of the Bibliographical Society 21 (2020): 445-76. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confessio Amantis Traitié pour Essampler les Amants Marietz Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Descriptive Catalogue of Eight Medieval Manuscripts from Wadham College, Oxford. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Meech, Sanford B. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Published Meech, Sanford B. Design in Chaucer's Troilus. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1959, pp. 18, 130, 137, 376. Review Gower is a moral poet, social critic, and friend of Chaucer's, to whom Chaucer dedicated "Troilus and Criseyde." [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 Title A name given to the resource Design in Chaucer's Troilus. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Siân Echard's essay is concerned with the relationship between the design of the MSS of CA and what it can imply about the reception and reading of Gower's work. Echard focuses on four MSS, including two deluxe copies, British Library, MS Harley 7184 (Macaulay's H3) and MS Egerton 1991 (E), and two plainer copies, London, College of Arms, MS Arundel 45 (Ar) and Cambridge, St. John's College, MS B.12 (J). In her comparison, she considers such elements as the hierarchy of script, the use of capitals, the color and placement of the Latin verses and glosses, the number and placement of speaker markers, the appearance of other marginal indications of textual divisions, and the use of borders and miniatures. In considering the effects of each of these on how the poem was read, she asks some of the same questions that Richard Emmerson poses in his recent essay in SAC (see JGN 19, no. 1, pp. 5-8), but she takes into account a far wider variety of features and she is also far more conscious of the uniqueness of each copy. She is consequently rather less dogmatic in her conclusions and hypothesizes a wider variety of ways in which these copies might have been used by their earliest readers. In the more ornate copies, appearance seems to be given much more importance than assisting the reader either in understanding or in finding her place in the text, while some at least of the plainer copies seem to be better suited for actual reading. The possibility of public reading by professional "prelectors" (using Joyce Coleman's term) as opposed to purely private reading complicates the matter and makes it more difficult to draw any hard and fast conclusions about the intended purpose, particularly of the more richly decorated copies. Echard also points to features that give greater or lesser attention to the Latin portions of the text and different relative weight to the stories and the frame, but her conclusion is appropriately open-ended. "The manuscripts," she writes, "may be telling us a great deal that we have not yet heard about the reading of Gower's poem" (p. 72). [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 20.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Echard, Siân Published Echard, Siân. "Designs for Reading: Some Manuscripts of Gower's 'Confessio Amantis'." Trivium 31 (1999), pp. 59-72. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Designs for Reading: Some Manuscripts of Gower's 'Confessio Amantis' Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1999 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Beidler compares Gower's Tale of Nectanabus (CA 6.1789-2366) with its primary source in Thomas of Kent's Anglo-Norman "Roman de toute Chevalerie," identifying ways in which Gower transforms "the story of the birth of Alexander into the story of the treachery of Nectanabus" by ameliorating the character of Queen Olimpias and, perhaps, by creating a "kind of rough parallel to the New Testament stories of the Annuniciation and Christ's birth." [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Beidler, Peter G Published Beidler, Peter G. "Diabolical Treachery in the Tale of Nectanabus." In John Gower's Literary Transformations in the Confessio Amantis: Original Articles and Translations. Ed. Beidler, Peter G. Washington, D. C.: University Press of America, 1982, pp. 83-90. ISBN 081915962 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diabolical Treachery in the Tale of Nectanabus. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University Press of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In a lively and thought-provoking essay, Guthrie uses Bakhtin's notions of polyglossia as a way of approaching the complex effects of Chaucer's metrical variety and his response to the linguistics diversity of late fourteenth-century England. His foil through most of his discussion is Gower, who is found to be more rigid metrically (as we already knew), but who also feels constrained to keep his French and his English separate from one another rather than to force them into confrontation. Some of Guthrie's empirical observations on Gower's meter in contrast to Chaucer and also to contemporary French poets such as Machaut are useful contributions to our understanding of Gower's verse. Both the real value of his study with regard to Chaucer and also the irritating reductiveness of much of his use of Gower are represented, however, by passages such as this one: "Gower's line is ruled by ergon, the submission of linguistic material to the authority of an abstract metrical system. The presence of French words in either his English or his French line makes it a bilingual ergon, but essentially it is no different from a monolingual one. Its faith is in the ultimate tractability of words. Chaucer's line is ruled by energeia, the animation of linguistic material in tension with a concrete metrical system based in the material itself; 'no ideas but in things.' Its faith is in the ultimate vitality of words. Its metrical complexity is rooted in its linguistic complexity and its capacity for polyglossic perspective and laughter, the two prerequisites of what Bakhtin calls novelistic discourse ('Prehistory' 50" (p. 99). [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 17.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Guthrie, Steve Published Guthrie, Steve. "Dialogics and Prosody in Chaucer." In Bakhtin and Medieval Voices. Ed. Farrell, Thomas J.. Gainesville: University of Florda Press, 1995, pp. 94-108. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dialogics and Prosody in Chaucer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Florda Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review As readers of JGN will already know, Echard has been engaged in a long-term study of the effect of MS design and layout upon reading and reception. In this new essay, she examines the use of "speaker markers," the identifications of "Amans" and "Confessor" that appear in the margins or text at the beginning of their respective speeches, in the complete or nearly complete MSS of CA. These are "the most flexibly treated of all the framing elements" of the text, she observes (58), varying in number, in placement, and in appearance (all of which it would be impossible to deduce accurately from Macaulay's edition). Fairfax has 280 such markers by Echard's count, but a large number of MSS have far fewer, whether out of scribal neglect, because of conflict with other design elements on the page, or because of a different understanding of how the poem should be read. A small quantity of MSS includes a greater number, supplying the markers at appropriate places where Fairfax does not. In many MSS, it is clear that the markers function as a design element as well as reading aid, in which cases they may yield to other elements that have a greater impact upon the appearance of the page. On the other hand, some scribes are careful to include the markers, even in their expanded form, "Opponit Confessor" and "Respondet Amans," even when the resulting appearance is awkward. When they do occur, the markers are generally (but not always) written in red, making them especially prominent. In some MSS, however, they are written at the end of the verse line rather than in the white space of the margins, where they have significantly greater impact. In a small number of copies they are centered in the text column, a practice imitated by Caxton. As she considers the significance of these variations, Echard makes an interesting distinction between seeing the poem as a collection of stories and seeing it as a dialogue; and while the long Latin glosses to the tales that appear in the margins or the text column of most MSS draw attention to the narrative portion of the work, the speaker markers pull in the opposite direction, and in the MS that first got Echard interested in the difference, they align CA with the form of Boethius' "De Consolatione Philosophiae," a version of which is included, in the same format, in the same book. The use of the longer speaker markers emphasizes, in turn, the confessional aspect of the poem. Echard is very cautious about equating effect with intent (74). She also notes a distinction "between manuscripts intended chiefly to be looked at, and manuscripts intended to be read" (75). Her observations, however, both about the way in which appearance affects reading and vice versa, are of significance not only to the early reception of the poem but also to the way in which it is presented in modern editions. [PN. JGN 22.1. Copyright John Gower Society] Author/Editor Author/Editor Echard, Sian. Published Middle English Poetry: Texts and Traditions. Essays in Honour of Derek Pearsall. Ed. A. J. Minnis. York: York Medieval Press, 2001, pp. 57-75. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dialogues and Monologues: Manuscript Representations of the Conversation of the Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Spencer's treatment of Gower's poetry appears as "Part III" of her fourth chapter in a book-length study which she describes as an attempt "to explain the recurrent use of the Boethian dialogue model in literature concerned with courtly love." She argues that she will "cover new ground on two accounts: first, in considering the use of Boethius as a writer of philosophical dialogues rather than of dream visions and, secondly, in exploring the relationship between dialogue and erotic love and its political implications" (1). Spencer reads the CA as mightily influenced by Froissart's "Joli Buisson de Jonece," in its "use of the 'senex amans' motif and in the denouement . . . which, like Froissart's constitutes a rejection of the literary genre to which the work ostensibly belongs." Gower "also shares Froissart's thematic focus on the internal division of the self and the consequent breaking up of the poetic voice . . . . However . . . Gower's resolution to these problems differs significantly from Froissart's, presenting a far more horizontally inclined, inclusive and philiac vision of caritas and politics" (172-73). "For Gower, the path to truth and enlightenment seems to lie in a descent into detailed examination of the subjective self in its fallen state and the world around it rather that an immediate ascent beyond particular worldly concerns to monologic political preaching or religious contemplation" (173). Spencer's is a rambling study, somewhat over-ambitious in its apparent attempt to encompass the sum of themes and treatments in the CA. The result is replete with turns and reachings-out in multiple directions which do not always interconnect. Most of her conclusions are, perhaps, encapsulated in the following: "Worldly readers and writers, like worldly kings, aspire towards the divine harmony of Arion. However, it is in the nature of their earthly condition that any order they seek to impose upon the diverse, fallen world will inevitably be provisional and susceptible to renewed division . . . . Gower's 'Confessio' resembles Froissart's 'Le Joli Buisson de Jonece' in that it begins as a secular dialogue on 'cupiditas' and ends with a transition to 'caritas.' However, while Froissart's 'Joli Buisson' retains and indeed intensifies the exclusivity innate in the courtly love mode by transfiguring the love of the mortal particular one into the contemplation of the divine One, Gower's 'Confessio' seeks to pass from a blinkered, cupidinous world vision in to a vision of the One in the many and the many in the One . . . . The former approach could be associated with the 'vita contemplativa,' the latter with the vita active. The task of the 'active,' in some senses political writer, like that of the earthly king, is to attain to a universal, harmonious and ordered vision of the world and the common principles which tie its multiple elements together. The writer must seek to overcome his or her own internal divisions, and the subjectivity which divides them from others. Gower's fictional portrayal of his own internal division and cupidity dramatizes the difficulty of attaining to such a unity of self. At the end of the 'Confessio,' when Venus asks Amans' name, he responds, 'John Gower.' It is at this point that the wise, authoritative voice of the Prologue (which clearly belongs to the author of the 'Vox Clamantis') and the naïf limited protagonist of the dialogue finally come together. However . . . Gower proceeds to illustrate, through the Genius-Amans dialogue, just how difficult it is to attain to such perfection and unity. He ends the poem with a note of challenge to his hypocrite 'lecteur' to re-form and re-order the diverse and recalcitrant profusion of narratives left before us in such a way as to avoid falling into the various traps encountered by Genius and Amans" (200-201). [RFY. Copyright. The John Gower Society. JGN 33.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Spencer, Alice Published Spencer, Alice. "Dialogues of Love and Government: A Study of the Erotic Dialogue Form in Some Texts from the Courtly Love Tradition." Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars, 2007 ISBN 9781847181855 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dialogues of Love and Government: A Study of the Erotic Dialogue Form in Some Texts from the Courtly Love Tradition. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Cambridge Scholars, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In effect, Scala's answer to her titular question is, "yes, through Gower." As she points out, critics have been divided on whether or not Chaucer knew Livy directly, or only came to Livy through later, medieval sources. Focusing upon the role of Virginia's mother (Virginius's wife) and upon the false charges about Virginia's legal status in "The Physician's Tale," Scala argues that Chaucer follows Gower's precedent (in his "Tale of Virginia" CA 7.5131-5306) of focusing upon Virginia's legitimacy. Following Livy far more closely than other medieval retellings (such as the "Roman de la Rose" or Boccaccio's "De mulieribus claris"), Chaucer's version reflects Gower's focus upon assuring the reader that Virginia is Virginius' legitimate child, and "in making such assurances in nearly the same terms Gower used in his earlier 'Confessio Amantis,' Chaucer reveals how he knew his Livy through this contemporary English source" (258). [BWG. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Scala, Elizabeth Published Scala, Elizabeth. "Did Chaucer Know Livy?" Notes and Queries 68 [266] (2021): 255-58. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusions Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Did Chaucer Know Livy? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Yeager, Isabella Neale Published Yeager, Isabella Neale. "Did Gower Love His Wife? And What Has It to Do with the Poetry?" Poetica: An International Journal of Linguistic-Literary Studies 73 (2010), pp. 67-86. ISSN 0287-1629 Gower Subject Minor Latin Poetry Biography of Gower Review [Includes additional notes by R. F. Yeager.] Fisher left us with a portrait of a decrepit Gower, entering into a marriage of convenience in his old age with a woman whom he needed to tend to him as a nurse. Yeager demonstrates how much this view, like so much about Gower's life, rests upon mere speculation, and how easy it is to construct a different view of Gower's reasons for entering into marriage. The references to his debility, she points out, begin much earlier than the time of his marriage, and he lived for at least 18 years after first describing himself as "old, Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Did Gower Love His Wife? And What Has It to Do with the Poetry? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Finds that the model for Gower's process of composition in VC was provided by the classical and post-classical cento, the tradition of composing new poems by selecting lines and parts of lines from the works of earlier poets. As practiced by Greek and Roman poets, the art of the cento involved not just borrowing but adapting borrowed phrases to a new context and harmonizing borrowings from different sources. Except for the 10th-century "Ecbasis Captivi," the practice was not otherwise known to have been revived before the Renaissance. It is unlikely that this work circulated in England, nor is Gower likely to have been familiar with most classical examples. The most likely model, Yeager concludes, is the 4th-century Christian poet A. Faltonia Proba. Though Gower does not name her or quote her directly, her works were available in England, sometimes grouped with other works that Gower is known to have used. He may also have known of her second-hand: she is discussed by both Isidore and Boccaccio, ands the account in "De Claris Mulieribus" provides a strikingly apt description of Gower's practice in VC. Yeager says "we can be certain" that Gower had read Boccaccio's work (p. 122), but no one else has ever presented any real evidence that he had. Even if Proba does not provide Gower's actual model, however, the very knowledge that other poets composed such works is interesting in itself, and by providing a point of comparison, suggests that Gower's technique might be examined more closely for what it is rather than being dismissed as mere plagiarism. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 9.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yeager, R.F Published Yeager, R.F. "Did Gower Write Cento?" In Recent Readings. Papers Presented at the Meetings of the John Gower Society at the International Congress on Medieval Studies, Western Michigan University, 1983-88. Ed. Yeager, R.F.. Studies in Medieval Culture (26). Kalamazoo, MI: Western Micigan University, 1989, pp. 113-32. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Did Gower Write Cento? Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Western Micigan University, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Jones reconsiders the evidence traditionally used to show that Gower rededicated CA to Henry in 1392-93, which has been the main argument to prove his disaffection to Richard II before he was deposed. His study starts with a detailed analysis of the two main manuscripts used by Macaulay for his theory of the second and third recension of the poem: Huntington Library MS Ellesmere 26 A.17 and Oxford, Bodleian library, MS Fairfax 3. Jones revises Macaulay's dating of Ellesmere 26 A.17 to 1397-99 through an in-depth examination of the heraldic ornaments in fol. 1, which leads him to conclude that it must have been produced later, in 1403. He discards the possibility of a posterior addition of these ornaments given the carefully planned design of the manuscript, concluding that "the fact that it is such a high-class production also reinforces the impression that this may have been a royal commission possibly paid for by the king as a gift to his son--as part of his ongoing propaganda campaign" (54). Jones reaches a similar conclusion about the corrections and changes made to MS Fairfax 3, the only pre-usurpation manuscript. As he reminds us, Macaulay already acknowledged that the First Revision Hand must have amended the text after Henry's accession –given that there is a reference to Richard's fate. Following Parkes' identification of one of the CA revision hands as the same Scribe 4 that updated four manuscripts of VC, Jones has been able to confirm that in one of these manuscripts (Oxford, All Souls College, MS 98) "every single passage disparaging Richard II is in a different ink, and written over an erasure" (56). In Jones' view, the two revisions must have been done after Henry's usurpation, as a result of the "pressure on his poets to make them fall in line with the new political correctness" (56). Therefore, Jones claims, there is no evidence that Gower rededicated CA to Henry in 1392-93--and even if he rededicated the poem some years later, that doesn't mean that he changed allegiance or he was disenchanted or disillusioned; he just changed patron, a common practice in the period. The rest of the article is dedicated to demonstrating that the dedication was amended after the deposition, based on three arguments. The first argument is the reference to Henry as "Henry of Lancaster," a title he only inherited on his father's death in 1399. Jones has been able to corroborate that this designation was rare before 1399, even in books of accounts, where the denomination "Earl of Derby" was used until that date, though after 1399 it was often corrected by sewing pieces of velum with the new designation "of Lancaster." Secondly, neither the political theories and mirrors for princes of the period would describe Richard's behavior as that of an oppressive ruler, nor do any of Gower's poems written prior to 1399 criticize him for being a bad king. Jones finds no credible evidence of Gower's disenchantment with Richard, nor of any degree of admiration for Henry, who before 1399 was not a particularly remarkable military or political figure. Finally, Jones analyzes the "black propaganda," the rewriting of history promoted by Henry and Arundel after the usurpation which not only depicted Richard in a negative light but also tried to show people dissatisfied with his rule. "Everywhere we see signs of nervous scribes conforming to the new political correctness" (71), he affirms. It is in this context that the rededication of CA must be understood, which, given the new dating proposed by Jones, seems to show the existence of two, and not three, recensions of the poem.] [ASH. Copyright. The John Gower Society. JGN 33.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Jones, Terry Published Jones, Terry. "Did John Gower Rededicate His 'Confessio Amantis' before Henry IV's Usurpation?" In Middle English Texts in Transition: A Festschrift Dedicated to Toshiyuki Takamiya on his 70th Birthday. Ed. Horobin, Simon, and Mooney, Linne R. Woodbridge, Suffolk: York Medieval Press/Boydell and Brewer, 2014, pp. 40-74. ISBN 9781903153536 Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Did John Gower Rededicate His 'Confessio Amantis' before Henry IV's Usurpation? Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available York Medieval Press/Boydell and Brewer, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Traces the two traditions of attitudes toward Dido in Latin and Christian literature: Dido as a suicide preserves herself from a forced marriage with Sichaeus, and Dido as an adulterous women who kills herself out of grief for the departed Aeneas. Gower follows the latter tradition in the CA. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lord, M. L. Published Lord, M. L. "Dido as an Example of Chastity: The Influence of Example Literature." Harvard Library Bulletin 17 (January and April, 1969): 22-44, 216-32. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dido as an Example of Chastity: The Influence of Example Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review As his title implies, Görbing provides a comparison between the ballad "The Marriage of Sir Gawain," Gower's Tale of Florent and Chaucer's Wife of Bath's Tale. Much of the article is taken up with an analysis of differences in plot development and characterization (particularly in terms of motivation for behaviour). The key difference among the three pieces lies the interpretation of the material (411). Thus, Gower at times obscures moments of comedy in his attempt to instill a moral, whereas Chaucer skillfully brings out the comedic potential of the story. In this, Chaucer is closer to the spirit of the folk tradition - if not always the details of the plot - and to the depictions of love in the "französischen Pastorelle" (413). The article ends with a brief consideration of the origins of the proverb "a woman will have her will" found with some variation in all three works (421-23). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Görbing, F Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Published Görbing, F. "Die Ballade 'The Marriage of Sir Gawain' in ihren Beziehungen zu Chaucers 'Wife of Bath's Tale' und Gowers Erzählung von Florent." Anglia 23 (1900), pp. 405-423. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1900 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource Die Ballade 'The Marriage of Sir Gawain' in ihren Beziehungen zu Chaucers 'Wife of Bath's Tale' und Gowers Erzählung von Florent. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review An early version of the "Coffee-table" Book: large and illustrated social-literary history; biography and brief discussion of works; illustration of St. Mary Overey and Gower's tomb (from Richard Gough, 1796]). [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Heckt, Hans. Schucking, Levin Published Heckt, Hans, and Levin Schucking. Die Englische Literatur im Mittelalter. Wildpark-Potsdam: Akademische Verigsgesellschaft Athenaion, 1927, pp. 70, 108, 109-12, 113, 117 126, 131, 149, 152. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Englische Literatur im Mittelalter. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower as a contemporary of Chaucer; list of works. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lüdeke, Henry. Published Lüdeke, Henry. Die englischen Literatur: Ein kultur-historischer Umriss. Bern: Franke, 1954, pp. 23-24. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die englischen Literatur: Ein kultur-historischer Umriss. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower used Geoffrey of Viterbo's "Pantheon" for his version of the Apollonius story (CA, Book VIII) and another unidentified version. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Klebs, Elimar. Published Klebs, Elimar. Die Erzählung von Apollonius von Tyrus: Eine geschichtliche Untersuchung über lateinische Urform und ihre späteren Bearbeitungen. Berlin: G. Reimer, 1899, pp. 462-71. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Erzählung von Apollonius von Tyrus: Eine geschichtliche Untersuchung über lateinische Urform und ihre späteren Bearbeitungen. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1899 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Lüdeke, Henry. Published Lüdeke, H. Die Funktionen des Erzählers in Chaucers epischer Dichtung. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1928, pp. 5-6, 13, 14, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 48. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Argues that CA is an amorous dream vision, representative of the traditions in its handling of natural scenery, opening lines, and characterization. Puts Chaucer in the context of French amorous writers, Gower, Langland, "Pearl," and continental poets such as Machaut, Boccaccio, and Dante. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Funktionen des Erzahlers in Chaucers epischer Dichtung. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Shows how Gower's story is both like and unlike versions of the story told by Livy, Jean de Meun, and Chaucer. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Lücke, Emil. Published Lücke, Emil. "Das Leben der Constanze bei Trivet, Gower, und Chaucer." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Leipzig, 1891. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Geschichte von Appius und Virginia in der Englischen Litteratur. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Ebert, Adolf. Published Ebert, Adolf. "Die Handschriften der Escorial-Bibliothek aus dem Gebiete der Romanischen Literaturen, sowie der Englischen." Jahrbuch für Romanische end Englische Literatur 4 (1862): 46-69, esp. 69. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Manuscripts and Textual Studies Review Notes the presence of a Gower manuscript in the Escorial library, giving no description but labeling it "Gower's Confessio Amantis, Papierhandschrit des XIV. G-II-19 (cat. 43)." [RFY1981]. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Handschriften der Escorial-Bibliothek aus dem Gebiete der Romanischen Literaturen, sowie der Englischen. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1862 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Employs a definition of "conjunction" derived from Old English practice; plenteous examples. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Förg, B Published Förg, B. Die Konjunktionen in Gowers Confessio Amantis. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Heidelberg, 1910. Tübingen: H. Laupp, 1911. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Konjunktionen in Gowers Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910 1911 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Links Gower to the tradition of religious forms gone secular, following the pattern of the "Roman de la Rose." [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Glunz, H. H. Published Glunz, H. H. Die Literarasthetik des Europaischen Mittelalters. Bochum-Langendreer: H. Pöppinghaus, 1937. pp. 349-52. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Literarasthetik des Europaischen Mittelalters. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brunner examines works proposed as sources for Ben Jonson's "Volpone," including Gower's "Tale of the King and the Steward's Wife" (CA V. 2643-2825), concluding that (219) "Die Erzahlung bei Gower steht Ben Jonson sicher näher als alle anderen bisher herangezognen" ("The narrative of Gower's is certainly closer than all others consulted up to now"). [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Brunner, Karl. Published Brunner, Karl. "Die Quellen von Ben Jonson's 'Volpone'." Archiv für Studium der Neueren Sprachen und Literature 152, n.s. 52 (1927): 218-19. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Quellen von Ben Jonson's "Volpone." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexamined. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Narr, Alfred. Published Narr, Alfred. Die Syntax in John Gowers Confessio Amantis. Ph.D. dissertation. Vienna University, 1926 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Syntax in John Gowers Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1926 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Eichinger's brief dissertation examines the sources Gower used for his Trojan stories. Eichinger argues that Benoît de Sainte-Maure is nearly always the main source ("Hauptquelle"; 19), and that when Gower borrows from Guido delle Colonne it is most likely from a Latin text. Most of Eichinger's work is taken up with precise comparisons of specific stories and their sources. Stories are classified as being indebted to Benoît (the majority), Guido (only Gower's description of the sirens), both writers (Medea), or either writer (Nauplus; Achilles' love for Polixena). While Eichinger does not emphasize any particular theme that Gower brings out, he does argue that from an aesthetic point of view Gower equals his sources (21). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Eichinger, Karl Published Eichinger, Karl. "Die Trojasage als Soffquelle für John Gower's Confessio Amantis." PhD thesis, Kgl. Bayer. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität zu München, 1900. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Trojasage als Soffquelle für John Gower's Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1900 Type The nature or genre of the resource Thesis NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Search of e-copy available at Archive.org indicates no mention of Gower or his works. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Baake, Wilhelm. Published Baake, Wilhelm. Die Verwendung des Traummotivs in der Englischen Dichtung bis auf Chaucer. Ph.D. Dissertation. Halle University, 1906. Halle: Heinrich John, 1906. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Verwendung des Traummotivs in der Englischen Dichtung bis auf Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Bihl sees Chaucer and Gower's language as the culmination of the gradual fusion of English and French (and to a lesser degree Latin). Both metrically and grammatically, Gower is more conservative and archaic, while Chaucer is more progressive. Chaucer uses everything that has "Kraft und Leben" (power and life) and is the fountain of language, at least until Shakespeare. However, Bihl's main thesis has less to do with general differences between the two authors (most of the book describes only minor differences), and more with the effect of rhythm and rhyme on grammar and diction. Bihl argues that "Der Rhythmus wirkt also night nur als ein erhaltendes, sondern auch als ein neu schöpfendes Agens" ("Rhythm also does not work only as an agent of conservation, but also as one that creates anew"; 3). For example, since Middle English has a substantial hoard of synonyms and alternate word forms (e.g., coroun – croune), each poet's diction heavily depends on the constraints of versification. In addition, the accentuation of syllables is unregulated, which further increases the poet's versatility (especially Chaucer's). To demonstrate this thesis, Bihl's work is organized into five chapters: chapter 1 deals with syllabification and touches on the final –e, elision, and syncopation; chapter 2 examines meter and stress (where again Chaucer is more flexible than Gower), chapter 3 looks at word formation, particularly in relation to affixes (where aphesis occurs) and suffixes; chapter 4 reveals what remains of the old declensions in the late fourteenth century; and chapter 5 treats the subject of syntax. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bihl, Josef Published Bihl, Josef. "Die Wirkungen der Rhythmus in der Sprache von Chaucer und Gower." Heidelberg: Carl Winters, 1916 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Wirkungen der Rhythmus in der Sprache von Chaucer und Gower Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Carl Winters, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Hsy opens his essay with a discussion of Teresa de Cartagena and her treatment of deafness in "Arboleda de los Enfermos" [Grove of the Infirm], by way of anchoring his argument that "disability [is] more than a topic or trope pervading literature" (27); instead, he offers it as a way of both depicting and understanding one's orientation in the world. Of especial interest to Gower scholars, Hsy offers some insights on Gower's autobiographical writing that reflect on Gower's visual impairment later in life. Gower, rather than seeking some spiritual meaning in his blindness, instead explores how his impairment has altered his "strategies of literary composition" (33). Hsy offers a powerful reading of a poem in which Gower discusses his blindness, suggesting that despite claiming he will no longer write Gower actually develops "new opportunities for poetic self-fashioning" (34). Hsy then goes on to explore representations of disability in Chaucer's "The Monk's Tale" and Margery Kempe's "Book" before concluding: "As literary criticism and theory continue to address conceptions of disability across different cultural and historical contexts, new forms of knowledge proliferate" (38). [JGS. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hsy, Jonathan. Published Hsy, Jonathan. "Disability." The Cambridge Companion to the Body in Literature, edited by David Hillman and Ulrika Maude. Cambridge UP, 2015. pp. 24-40. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Minor Latin Poetry Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Disability. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Chapter four explores "connections between four of Shakespeare's plays and the story of Medea as Shakespeare read it in Gower's 'Confessio Amantis' and Arthur Golding's translation of Ovid's 'Metamorphoses' "(p. 16): "The Merchant of Venice," "Othello," "King Lear," and "The Tempest." Author/Editor Author/Editor Thomsen, Kerri Lynne. Published Thomsen, Kerri Lynne. Disappearing Daughters: Proserpina and Medea in the Works of Spenser and Shakespeare. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Massachusetts Amherst, 1994. Dissertation Abstracts International A55.08. Fully accessible via ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Disappearing Daughters: Proserpina and Medea in the Works of Spenser and Shakespeare. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review From Duprey-Henry's abstract: "This project sits at the juncture of medical humanities, disability studies, and literary studies to examine afresh the way that lovesickness is deployed in three canonical late-medieval English texts: Geoffrey Chaucer's 'Troilus and Criseyde,' John Gower's 'Confessio Amantis,' and the 'Book of Margery Kempe.' My attempt to read medieval lovesickness manifestly, taking its claims at face value, reveals love and lovesickness as an embodied and thus imminent process that organizes relationships around culturally defined ideas of either negotiation and mutuality or hierarchy. The lability of lovesickness as a narrative tool makes it an attractive trope to think through larger ideas about the relationships of the sexes, of one individual to another, of the individual to society, and of the individual to the divine." Author/Editor Author/Editor Duprey-Henry, Annalese. Published Duprey-Henry, Annalese. "Disciplining the Heart: Lovesickness in Medieval Literature." Ph.D. Dissertation, Northwestern University, 2019. 262 pp. Dissertation Abstracts International A81.06(E) (2019). Full text accessible at ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (restricted); accessed February 21, 2022. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Disciplining the Heart: Lovesickness in Medieval Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief references to Gower as a moral poet, like Strode, who Steadman thinks is comparable to Gower. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Steadman, John. Published Steadman, John. Disembodied Laughter: Troilus and the Apotheosis Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972, pp. 105-06, 113, 115, 117, 138, 146, 148, 150, 153 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Disembodied Laughter: Troilus and the Apotheosis Tradition. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review As his title suggests, Epstein pursues a double agenda in this essay: linking both Gower's and Chaucer's views on alchemy to their understanding of economics, first of all; and secondly, contrasting their views not just on alchemy, which we already knew were quite different, but on economics too. In his final paragraph, he writes: "Alchemy is, for both Chaucer and Gower, an essential trope for understanding economics. But whereas Gower idealizes alchemy as a vision of natural increase and pure wealth that is the opposite of the monetized economy, Chaucer reviles alchemy as the obscurantist antithesis of both scientific technology and economics, which are logical systems that, while artificial, can only be understood rationally and empirically" (248). It is not a small part of the merit of Epstein's essay that it provides a brief, very clear account of the background, both classical and medieval, to both poets' understandings of both alchemy and economics. The connection between the two in Chaucer's work is a bit more speculative than in Gower's. Epstein makes much of the depiction of the priest who is the victim in "Canon Yeoman's Tale" as an unsophisticated gull in order to portray his lack of understanding of economics as somehow parallel to his susceptibility to the deceptions of alchemy. Chaucer's "scientific" understanding of economics is inferred from his background as collector of customs, his understanding of the nature of financial dealings as revealed in "Shipman's Tale," and the interest in scientific measurement and calculation displayed in his "Treatise on the Astrolabe." It is rather more difficult to demonstrate that these experiences underlay his dismissal of alchemy as false science. Epstein has a bit more to work with in Gower's case since Gower has much to say about profitlessness of the quest for gold in an economic sense in his discussion of Avarice in Book V of CA, in seeming contrast to his approval of the "science," if not the modern practice, of the production of gold by alchemy in Book IV. Epstein explains Gower's allusion to "the time, er gold was smite / In coign, that men the florin knewe" (V.334-35), when there was no deception and no war, as a reference not to some vague Golden Age in the ancient past but to Edward III's minting of gold coins beginning in 1344, which Gower and other contemporaries blamed for the social divisions and other turmoil of their own time. In Book IV, on the other hand, in praising the ancient practice of alchemy, Gower describes it as a natural process, not "transmuting" base metals into some other form but instead restoring them to their purest form. Epstein summarizes the significance of this juxtaposition as he brings his discussion of Gower to a close: "Gower begins Book V of the 'Confessio' with the words 'Obstat auaricia legibus' (Avarice obstructs the laws of nature). He endorses alchemy before he excoriates money because alchemy stands in contrast to mercantilism as a myth of natural wealth. Alchemy in Book IV is everything that money in Book V is not: ordered, organic, bounded by natural extremes, rational, obedient to consistent laws, commensurable, and equitable. One of the qualities of money that most disturbed ancient and modern thinkers was that, through exchange and interest, it seemed to be able to multiply itself, and therefore to create wealth "ex nihilo," without labor or material. But in Gower's understanding, the alchemist's labor leads the material, through "the comfort of the fire," to the ideal form it most desires. "Some of the greatest minds of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries worried that alchemy, by increasing the amount of (natural or synthetic) gold and silver, could destabilize the money economy. Gower seems to have harbored greater concerns about the destabilizing effects of the money economy itself. Alchemy for Gower was a myth of profit without money or exchange, of value that is absolute rather than relative, of wealth that is organic, natural, universal, elemental, and inalienable from the innate value of material. Alchemy allowed him, as it must have allowed many of his contemporaries, to entertain a vision of labor, wealth, and profit while maintaining his belief in a moral social system rooted in ancient concepts of justice and fair exchange. The elixir, Gower says, can refine every metal, 'And pureth hem be such a weie / That al the vice goth aweie' (IV:2555-56). "But, it is also lost. The science itself is true, but we cannot recover it to the modern world, which, even by Gower's time, was thoroughly monetized" (231-32). [PN. Copyright John Gower Society. eJGN 34.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Epstein, Robert Published Epstein, Robert. "Dismal Science: Chaucer and Gower on Alchemy and Economy." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 36 (2014), pp. 209-48. ISSN 0190-2407 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dismal Science: Chaucer and Gower on Alchemy and Economy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Allen-Goss charts the history of the Philomela narrative from its classical origins, in which the woven tapestry she uses to betray Tereus's crime is the central story. She examines how the tapestry and weaving more generally are conflated with women's speech, suggesting that "the textile is a form of 'écriture feminine,' woman's art, which writes back against the patriarchal narrative of violence" (81). Medieval readers would have been "textile-conscious" and thus she argues that "as weaving, Philomela's testimony offers crucial new possibilities for the interpretation of rape testimony, offering a model concentrated upon recuperative expression for the rape survivor rather than a performative or exploitable 'breaking of silence'" (83). In Gower's version of this tale, she concludes, "the display of rhetorical skill and erudition . . . works to discredit Philomela's emotional testimony amongst the very group of readers with the greatest social and legal capital: Latin-literate men" (84). Allen-Goss offers insightful close readings of Gower's text in support of this claim before then moving into an analysis of Chaucer's version of the tale. She focuses on Philomela's weaving during her imprisonment and how the rough, coarse material she weaves mirrors Philomela's state of being in the tale. Furthermore, this larger-scale tapestry, weaving, and memory all interplay to produce a lasting and communal form of testimony. [JGS. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Allen-Goss, Lucy M. Published Allen-Goss, Lucy M. "Dismembered Memories: Philomela in Chaucer and Gower." Rape Culture and Female Resistance in Late Medieval Literature, edited by Sarah Baechle, Carissa M. Harris, and Elizaveta Strakhov. University Park: Penn State University Press, 2022. Pp. 80-96. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dismembered Memories: Philomela in Chaucer and Gower Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Both lexically and visually, Cawsey points out, the distinction between Muslims to the south and non-Christians from northern Europe appears to have been blurred in late medieval England, in a way that challenges notions of "orientalism" based on a simple division between east and west: the word "saracen" is often used not as a racial epithet but as a designation of all pagans, including those from the north; and in manuscript illuminations of works such as Lydgate's "Lives of Sts Edmund and Fremund," the invading vikings are depicted with curved, hooked swords and with large turbans, a "visual 'shorthand' for a Muslim Saracen . . . well established in medieval art" (383), headgear which is given up when the invaders convert to Christianity. Religion, rather than race or geography, appears to have been the paramount determiner of "alterity." Both "Guy of Warwick" and the tale of Constance (as recounted by both Chaucer and Gower) contain parallel adventures, one set in the east and one in the west. Constance twice voyages to a pagan land (Syria and Northumbria), converts the king, and is expelled by her malicious mother-in-law. Cawsey counters the "orientalist" readings that focus only on the first episode, and she points out how neither Chaucer's nor Gower's text makes any distinction (for instance in appearance) based upon race. But she also asks why the Northumbrians are shown converting successfully while the Syrians are all slain, and she finds the answer in the reasons that are given for the conversion: the Sultan converts not in response to any teaching or any deliberate choice of the Christian faith but only to secure Constance as his bride, while in Northumbria Constance is shown preaching and instructing on the faith before the conversion. Gower's version in particular lays stress upon the efficacy of Constance's voice in the tale. Gower's also has a tripartite structure rather than merely a double one, as it gives more emphasis to the episode in Spain. "Constance thus has the chance to convert the three most significant non-Christian invaders of Europe of the Middle Ages: Easter Muslims who invaded Byzantium and Eastern Europe; Northern pagans who invaded the British Isles, France, and Germany; and Eastern/Southern Moors and Arabs who invaded Spain and France from Africa" (393). In their depiction of the second group, Cawsey finds both English poets confronting the awkwardness of their own nation's descent from a group linked to eastern pagans, and "in differentiating their ancestors from the Muslim Saracens, Chaucer and Gower ultimately turn to a difference more complex than the modern orientalist's answer of race: to one based on religious motivation, personal rather than political faith in God, and the ground of piety and conversion" (393). [PN. Copyright. The John Gower Society JGN 29.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Cawsey, Kathy Published Cawsey, Kathy. "Disorienting Orientalism: Finding Saracens in Strange Places in Late Medieval English Manuscripts." Exemplaria 21 (2009), pp. 380-97. ISSN 1041-2573 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Disorienting Orientalism: Finding Saracens in Strange Places in Late Medieval English Manuscripts. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Alberghini, Jennifer. Published Alberghini, Jennifer. Divided Loyalties: Family and Consent to Marriage in Late Middle English Literature, 1300-1500. Ph.D. Dissertation. City University of New York, 2019. Dissertation Abstracts International A80.08(E). Abstract accessible via ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Fully accessible via https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3085/ (accessed April 1, 2026). Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Background and General Criticism Review Alberghini's dissertation studies the theme of marital consent in late medieval literature in English, providing background in Derridean consent theory and in medieval social and legal discourse about tensions between marital consent and parental control. As she describes it in her abstract Alberghini's analysis ranges widely in the literature, sifting a number of works to offer some rather blunt conclusions: "I begin with Chaucer's 'Troilus and Criseyde' and 'The Legend of Good Women,' which conflict over this dilemma [personal choice versus deferral to higher authority], and show how the issues brought up in both texts are resolved in 'The Man of Law's Tale.' This leads me to Chapter 2 on 'The King of Tars' and John Gower's 'Tale of Apollonius of Tyre' in the 'Confessio Amantis,' which combine parental support and filial obedience to satisfy both individual desire and political needs. The texts of Chapter 3, 'Blanchardyn and Eglantine' and the Charlemagne romance 'The Sultan of Babylon,' further show how female characters, in these cases, Saracen princesses, could affect their countries' political futures through marriage. This message likely resonated with the patron of the former, Margaret Beaufort, Henry VII's mother. Patrons also figure in Chapter 4, as Osbern Bokenham's 'Legendys of Hooly Wummen,' which I read next to John Capgrave's 'Life of St. Katherine,' were written for married women and couples. I conclude looking at mother's [sic] perspectives throughout these texts. Through my reading of this wide variety of works, I find that consent is very much emphasized in literature, with 'good' parents supporting their children's choices and 'bad' parents, who were also often non-Christian, trying to prevent these marriages from occurring. This emphasis thus suggests that we reconsider the opposition between medieval and modern ideas of gender, with marriage as one area in which medieval women could have some freedom." [MA] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Divided Loyalties: Family and Consent to Marriage in Late Middle English Literature, 1300-1500. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review According to the traditional view, Gower's attempt to link "lust" and "lore" in CA was misguided, and his work is essentially disunified as a result. According to more recent views, the treatment of love is of a piece with the ethical concerns of the poem; in Minnis' words (1983:1), "For Gower, the virtues of the good lover were indistinguishable from those of the good man." White rejects both positions, and argues that the apparent disunity of the poem reflects the poet's own concern with "division." The theme of division occurs repeatedly in CA, both as a social and as a psychological phenomenon. In both the Prologue and Book 7 man himself is described as divided between conflicting powers. The conflict "is not presented as irresolvable, but . . . a final resolution can only be achieved through the complete removal of one of the warring parties. And there is a clear awareness that such a resolution is not often achieved. . . . It is a pattern which concedes the dominance of failure" (p. 603). One of the recurring oppositions in the poem is that between Nature and Reason, which Gower depicts as "a reflex of the fundamental division between the body and the soul" (p. 604). Despite instances in which nature and reason are apparently reconciled, Gower is not optimistic about the likelihood, especially in matters of love. Genius too is "a figure divided against himself" (p. 607), attempting to serve incompatible aims: thus his own statement on the difficulty of treating love and morality together. The awkwardness is confronted repeatedly during his discourses, especially when his service to Venus leads him to contradict orthodox morality, and at the end of the poem, he abandons the attempt to reconcile love and reason and chooses reason alone. Even Venus and Nature, in Gower's portrayal, partake of the same division; and the attempt to accommodate "kinde" to Reason only leads to conflicting statements on "kinde" itself. Having abandoned the style of his earlier works at the beginning of Book 1, Gower is sent back to these works at the conclusion of Book 8 as he turns from human love to charity. CA is thus "permeated with a sense of failure" (p. 615), reflecting Gower's pessimism about the insuperability of fundamental divisions in our nature and about the impossibility of both enjoying the world and also keeping an eye focused on heaven. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 9.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor White, Hugh Published White, Hugh. "Division and Failure in Gower's Confessio Amantis." Neophilologus 72 (1988), pp. 600-616. ISSN 0028-2677 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Division and Failure in Gower's Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Introduces Gower's life briefly, and prints CA, Prologue 193-355; Book III, 2485-2516; Book V, 1803-24; Book VI, 1285-1357. Reprints Macaulay; notes and glosses at bottom of page. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Davies, R. Trevor, compiler. Published Davies, R. Trevor, compiler. Documents Illustrating the History of Civilization in Medieval England, 1066-1500. New York: Dutton; London: Methuen, 1926, pp. 253-63. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Illustrating the History of Civilization in Medieval England, 1066-1500. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1926 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Morgan, F. C. Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Review A biographical sketch of Dr. William Brewster, and a similar sketch of his library, which apparently included at least one copy (perhaps in Caxton's 1483 edition) of the CA. [RFY1981]. Published Morgan, F. C. "Dr. William Brewster of Hereford (1665-1715), a Benefactor of Libraries." Medical History 8 (2 April 1964): 137-48. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dr. William Brewster of Hereford (1665-1715), a Benefactor of Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Coleman, Joyce. Published John Gower Society website:<br />https://johngower.org/coleman-miniatures/<br />Accessed 22 February 2024 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Maanuscripts and Textual Studies Review Coleman's "chart and accompanying excel file reflects a compilation of known Dream of Nebuchadnezzar and Confession miniatures in extant copies of Gower's Confessio Amantis. For a fuller discussion of these miniatures, and of illuminations in Gower manuscripts generally, see "Illuminations in Gower Manuscripts," in The Routledge Research Companion to John Gower, edited by Ana Saez-Hidalgo, Brian Gastle, and R.F. Yeager, Routledge, 2017, pp. 117-131. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource n.d. Title A name given to the resource Dream of Nebuchadnezzar and Confession Miniatures in Gower's Confessio Amantis. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In this note, Weiskott's shows how Valerius Maximus's "De factis et dictis memorabilibus" 1.7.5 can be seen as a source for the ending of Gower's "Cultor in Ecclesia," adducing the poet's familiarity with "De factis" (based on Macaulay's notes to four passages in the "Confessio Amantis"), exploring bits of common language and imagery, citing the "popularity" of Valerius's work "in premodern European literary culture," and claiming that the "author of the surreal, classicizing, prophetic dream vision 'Visio Anglie' had every reason to be hunting around 'De factis dictis memorabilibus' 1.7, on dreams" (463). Acknowledging that the "borrowing is not an open-and-shut case" (462), Weiskott pushes his evidence further and suggests that "the Valerius passage accounts for the unreal, ethereal quality of the closing image of Gower's Cultor" (463). [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Weiskott, Eric. Published Weiskott, Eric. "Dreaming of Cicero in John Gower's 'Cultor in Ecclesia'." ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews 36.4 (2023): 462–63. Gower Subject Minor Latin Poetry Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dreaming of Cicero in John Gower's "Cultor in Ecclesia." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Davenport, W. A Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Published Davenport, W. A. "Dreams in Gower's Confessio Amantis." English Studies 91 (2010), pp. 374-97. ISSN 0013-838X Review [*Ed. note: We reproduce here the author's own abstract, since as a summary of his argument it is difficult to improve, though it gives an inadequate sense of the range of observation, the subtlety, or the depth of engagement with the Confessio Amantis that are manifested in this fine essay.] "Gower's name is not prominent in accounts of fourteenth-century English dream poetry and yet Confessio Amantis, though not composed as a dream poem, is full of dreams and Gower makes imaginative use of dream as part of the psychology of his central figure, Amans. This essay explores the variety of Gower's dreams. The dream of Nebuchadnezzar is used in the Prologue to establish the theme of division in history and in individual human life and this would seem to exemplify the conventional idea of the dream as cryptic revelation with an authoritative interpreter. The tales which Genius tells to teach Amans also include many examples of the oracular dream. And yet once one examines some of these dreams Gower's sense of their force appears surprisingly complex: the tale of 'Ceix and Alceone' shows dream as a staged illusion and the elaborate guile of Nectanabus confirms the link between dream and deception. False dreams and night-time deceits form a recurrent motif. In parallel to Gower's fictional dreams runs the dream experience of Amans himself who daydreams about the beloved and both enjoys the pleasure of wish-fulfillment and suffers the agony of frustration in his night-time dream life. The included dream poem of Youth and Age which brings Confessio Amantis to a close confirms Gower's reliance on dream both as a theme and as a structural device whereby he returns from illusion to the clarity of his own waking reason. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource Dreams in Gower's Confessio Amantis. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Zaerr, Linda Marie Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Published Zaerr, Linda Marie. "Duke or Duck: Reading the Stories in John Gower's Confessio Amantis." Willamette Journal of the Liberal Arts 4 (1988), pp. 1-9. ISSN 0740-6789 Review Zaerr uses her own youthful misreading of the first line of the tale of "Mundus and Paulina" as an exemplum on the possibilities of misreading the entire poem: believing from the reference to the villain as a "duck" that she was reading a beast fable, only on consideration of the entire context did she realize that he was a duke. The "duck" in the interpretation of the entire poem is the superficial acceptance of Genius' claim to present a coherent morality of fin amour. This is a reading that quacks and waddles because of the tediousness of many of the stories viewed in this light and because of the persistent contradictions between the tales and the frame. A closer examination of how Gower's purposes build upon Genius' stumbling reveals the "duke." The examples that Zaerr uses are the two pairs of tales about Aeneas and Ulysses in Book 4. The first pair, which Genius evidently thinks offer parallel lessons, actually set up two contradictory situations. Aeneas never professes a love for Dido, and her protests against his "slowthe," cast within the vocabulary of "fin amour," reveal her own sensuality. Ulysses is genuinely guilty of slowthe and knows it; Penelope, however, forgives rather than blames him. Unknown to Genius, they illustrate both a more solidly based "honeste" love and also a spirit of forgiveness that is modeled on God's mercy. In the two later tales, Genius blames Ulysses for sloth because of his initial unwillingness to leave Penelope rather than for the tardiness of his return, and he credits Aeneas for his accomplishments after he abandons Dido. "Sloth, defined in terms of fin amour, is revealed to be a contradictory concept" (p. 7), and the scaffolding of Genius' moral system disintegrates. In its place, however, we are able to see the true moral system of the poem. "These shifts in meaning work together to exemplify a flexible alternative, provided by divine mercy, to the conflicting rules and simplistic contradictory proofs provided by the moral system of 'fin amour'. . . . Gower uses the complexity and contradiction in his 'Confessio Amantis' to convey an idea of the complexity and comprehensiveness of the working of God's redemptive love" (p. 9). [PN. Copyright. The John Gower Society. JGN 19.1.] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource Duke or Duck: Reading the Stories in John Gower's Confessio Amantis. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Lawton here challenges the apparent critical consensus that fifteenth-century poets were not as good as their fourteenth-century forbears, or were, in a word, "dull" (761). In contrast, he argues that "the fifteenth century authoritatively consolidates the public voice and role of English poetry" (762), and that the "dullness" of his title is not that attributed to the period by critics, but rather the consistent use of a humility topos by poets presenting themselves as dull or otherwise lacking. This move Lawton traces to Boethius, but in the period attributes it first to Chaucer, where it has a playfulness mostly lost when handled by his successors. Briefly exploring, as a first example, Hoccleve's "dull" self-presentation in "Regement of Princes," Lawton finds him a student of Chaucer, although a passage in which Hoccleve addresses the burning of Lollards comes across to him as an "an unprompted Gowerian intervention by a poet into current affairs and public policy" (764). Learned Chaucerian technique of professing authorial incapacity nevertheless insulates Hoccleve from direct social critique. Lawton then presents an example from Lydgate's "Fall of Princes" using age as a similar protection, then moving on to the common trope of poets declaring themselves lesser than, first, Gower and Chaucer, and by century's end also including Lydgate. Examples considered include Osbern Bokenham, George Ashby, and John Shirley, all of whom Lawton sees as in large part following Lydgate's model. Lawton characterizes a "strong, non-Chaucerian, moral undertow" (768) in many of these poets' works, and presents in some depth Alexander Barclay's translation of the "Ship of Fools" as an example. All of these poets following Lydgate Lawton characterizes as "a culture" (771). To characterize that culture, he examines work of George Ashby, which he considers "an anthology of fifteenth-century public discourse" (772). Lawton resists writing off Ashby as "conventional or commonplace" (773), but instead suggests focusing on these works in their broader cultural context "devoted to the search for Wisdom in the Biblical sense" (775). The tone he uncovers is evident in what he takes to be fifteenth-century taste in Chaucer: rather different from our own, foregrounding works that are less popular now, including "'Troilus,' 'Melibeus,' the Clerk's Tale, The Monk's Tale, 'Boece,' The Knight's Tale and the Parson's Tale," so that "the Chaucer of the fifteenth century is unusually austere" (780). Lawton observes that "fifteenth-century writing is to a great extent the literature of public servants" (788), which managed to be "courageous and hard-hitting" but also "socially acceptable" (789). The humility topos of dullness allows for that duality by insulating the poet from censure, a maneuver which Lawton sees ultimately as "the social mask of a Renaissance poet" (791). He then concludes with reference to Jürgen Habermas and Terry Eagleton, allowing him to theorize this body of work in terms more familiar to a 1987 audience. Overall this essay covers significant ground, and while subsequent readings of this period and these poets may not always share Lawton's overarching sense of a commonality between fifteenth-century poets, this essay has supported a significant amount of further work on the period. [RAL. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lawton, David. Published Lawton, David. "Dullness and the Fifteenth Century." ELH 54.4 (1987): 761-99. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dullness and the Fifteenth Century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The article opens with a reference to Phillippa of Lancaster, who took the Paynes with her from England to Portugal, and a description of the Payne coat of arms. Further information is to be found in a declaration made by King John III in 1535, concerning a petition by one Christovão Pinto de Paym, and it offers some details of the Payne line of descent: "Christovão was the legitimate son of Ruy Lopez Paym and grandson of Isabell Paym, legitimate daughter of Valentym Paym, noble of the household of King John I, who came to England with the Queen Felipa d'Alemcastro...." It is known that Tomalim Paym was acoompanied by his brother Roberto, a member of Queen Phillippa's household, according to a document dated 1402 which mentions Ruberte Paym. It was this man who translated John Gower's Confession Amantis into Portuguese, an undertaking already completed when King Edward was putting the finishing touches on his own composition, the Leal Conselhiero. In his prologue Edward states that he always names his source material, as John Gower has done in the CA, the Portuguese version of which figures in the list of the King's books under the title of "O Amante" (The Lover). This was his own, personal copy, not a borrowed one. Unfortunately, the Portuguese version made by Roberto Paym has disappeared, and we must make do with the Medieval Castilian version based on the Portuguese one. The Castilian CA is preceded by the following lines: "This book is called confession of the lover which was composed by Juan Goer native of the Kingdom of England. And it was rendered in the Portuguese language by Roberto Paim, native of the said Kingdom and canon of the city of Lisbon. And afterwards it was turned into the Castilian language by Juan de Cuenca neighbor of the city of Huete." How did the Portuguese version of this work fall into the hands of Juan de Cuenca? One explanation is that the Queen, Dona Leonor, or someone of her household, took the manuscript from King Edward's library to Spain. Naturally, the Queen, in conflict with her brother-in-law and co-Regent, Prince Pedro, had more important issues on her mind. But this was not necessarily true of some clergyman of her entourage, a Spaniard who was familiar with Portuguese, perhaps Juan de Cuenca himself. Roberto Paim took as his text for translation the first version, and there is no reason to believe that it contained any serious errors. The random selection of two extracts for comparison, those dealing with the legend of Alceone and Caix (Alceone and Ceix, in the Castilian), show that the translation is sure, neither too verbose, nor with any major omissions. Certain phrases and expressions do take on a particular Hispanic flavour, in the Castilian translation, however. For example, the oath "be seint Julien" becomes "by St. James" in the Castilian: "jurovos por Santiago." The remainder of the article is given over to background discussion of Gower's life, the versions of the CA, and the poem's various moral purposes: there is also a resume of the eight books of the CA. Singled out for special attention are the first ten chapters, where Gower paints a black picture of the religious and social situation in England and elsewhere; the allegorical framework of the CA and many of the legends and tales are recounted under the heading of one or the other of the Seven Capital Sins. [Pat Odber. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 2.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Martins, Mário, S. J Published Martins, Mário, S. J. "Dum Poema inglês de John Gower e da sua tradução do português para o castelhano." Didaskalia 9 (1979), pp. 413-432. ISSN 0253-1674 Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dum Poema inglês de John Gower e da sua tradução do português para o castelhano. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Rajendran's essay focuses on the "Constance Group" of medieval romances, including Gower's iteration of this tale in his "Confessio Amantis," and "The King of Tars." She argues that "reproductive futurity as it is imagined in these two narratives creates the crossroads that brings together monstrosity, race, and disability through their erasure" (128). Bodies that are non-white and non-Christian are presented as "illegible bodies" that must either be cured or eliminated. Rajendran suggests the "futures proposed by these narratives [are] the true monsters of the text, rather than the bodies that we are supposed to see as monstrous or 'different'" (130). The birthed children in both texts serve as symbols of the future. In "King of Tars," the princess uses the future child to convince the Sultan to convert, but what actually moves him to convert is "the power of Christianity, and the access to imperial power that it potentially offers him" (134). The "imagined future," in these texts, Rajendran claims, "creates a relationship between whiteness, Christianity, able-bodiedness, and imperial power" (134). Christianity is the only acceptable reproductive future, and thus Christian imperialism is acceptable imperialism. Constance, in both Gower's and Chaucer's tales, cannot be read only via her gender; rather, Rajendran asserts, we must acknowledge the "operations of imperial Christianity" (136). The mothers-in-law in this story must be depicted as monstrous to achieve the goals of imperial Christianity: "Because they resist the future that the narrative strives toward, the mothers-in-law must be made monstrous and eliminated. The language of monstrosity in the narrative is used as a prop to vilify characters that the narrative wants to destroy, and is used to heighten the emotional appeal of reading Constance as a victim" (137). Women's bodies, then, are simply fuel for the engine of imperialism in this tale, and to see Constance as the "other" distracts from the elimination of other identities in the imagined future of Christian imperialism. To conclude her essay, Rajendran cites Alison Kafer's discussion (from "Feminist, Queer, Crip") of the exclusion of queer and disabled kids from imagined futurity today to reflect on the same dynamic in the medieval texts she discusses: "to be part of the future [in these texts], one must be 'cured' of disability and blackness (as in "The King of Tars"), but the inability of women to be cured of their gender means that they must be eliminated once they have played their part in ensuring the continuity of the future (as in the death of Constance)" (142). [JGS. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 41.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Rajendran, Shyama. Published Rajendran, Shyama. "E(Race)ing the Future: Imagined Medieval Reproductive Possibilities and the Monstrosity of Power." In Monstrosity, Disability, and the Posthuman in the Medieval and Early Modern World, ed. Richard H. Godden and Asa Simon Mittman (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019), pp. 127-43. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource E(Race)ing the Future: Imagined Medieval Reproductive Possibilities and the Monstrosity of Power. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prints "In Praise of Peace"; reprint of Macaulay (1899-1902). [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Pancoast, Henry S., ed. Spaeth, John Duncan, ed. Published Pancoast, Henry S., and John Duncan Spaeth, eds. Early English Poems. New York: Holt, 1911, pp. 224-30. Gower Subject In Praise of Peace Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early English Poems. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A general broad-ranging study of Middle English, in which Gower figures from time to time as an example of late fourteenth-century London writing. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Clark, John W. Published Clark, John W. Early English: A Study of Old and Middle English. 2nd ed., rev. London: Andre Deutsch, 1967, pp. 14-41, 148. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early English: A Study of Old and Middle English. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Offers a more detailed description of Caxton's and Berthelette's editions of CA to supplement the accounts of Macaulay and of Pearsall (in Minnis' Responses and Reassessments, 1983). Many of his more valuable comments derive from his familiarity with the printers' other output; he points out, for instance, that Caxton's account of Gower is far less glowing than his remarks on other poets, and that though he placed Gower in a triad with Chaucer and Lydgate, he had evidently been influenced by Lydgate to consider him a lesser luminary. Caxton also made less effort than he could have to discover the facts of Gower's biography, and his edition of CA is printed more carelessly than was his norm. Berthelette's edition is less well known; Blake therefore reprints the complete texts of his dedication to Henry VIII and his address to the reader, and discusses the attitudes towards Gower and towards Caxton that they reveal. For both printers, who did so much to shape Gower's reputation, Blake concludes, Gower remained in the shadow of Chaucer, and was judged more a moralist than a poet. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 13.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Blake, N. F. Published Blake, N. F.. "Early Printed Editions of Confessio Amantis." Mediaevalia 16 (1993), pp. 289-306. Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early Printed Editions of Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Pearsall, Derek. Published Pearsall, Derek. "Early Revision in the Text of Gower's Confessio Amantis." Journal of the Early Book Society 24 (2021): 247-61. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Criticism Review [For a response to this essay, see Peter Nicholson, "Gower's Early Revisions Revisited," JEBS 25.] Pearsall seeks to identify the earliest form of the "Confessio Amantis," based on manuscript evidence of authorial changes that led G. C. Macaulay to posit the familiar "three recensions" theory. Pearsall looks at passages from seven manuscripts (using Macaulay's sigils, S, Δ, Ad, T, B, Ʌ, p2) that he terms the "Huntington group" (251), named for S, the oldest among them--San Marino, CA, Huntington Library MS EL 26 A 17. All of these are "second recension" manuscripts, according to Macaulay, in part because they have additions and/or changes complimentary to Henry IV. "Attempts to date different versions of the 'Confessio' in relation to real historical circumstances, such as those made by Macaulay," Pearsall asserts, "lead only to confusion, and should in any case be disentangled from the discussion of manuscript affiliations" (249). Scrutinizing the various alterations differentiating these MSS from Macaulay's "first recension" MSS, Pearsall concludes that "the manuscripts of the Huntington group . . . must have been part of the original form of the poem, or at least the earliest surviving form" (258)--in direct disagreement with Macaulay. [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early Revision in the Text of Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gerber describes her undertaking as follows: "This essay proposes that, in the process of using geographical locations to ground his narratives, Gower appropriates a skeptical tradition dating back to antiquity while also contributing a new sense of mythological meaning. As a result, Gower's comparatively limited interest in physical geography yields a relatively sophisticated interest in textual geography, resulting in exegetical approaches that generate multivalent readings of the historical events depicted within the 'Confessio' and the 'Vox Clamantis'" (90). Central to this undertaking is Gerber's discussion of the four Gower-as-archer-shooting-at-the-world illustrations that illuminate manuscripts of VC; she focuses specifically on the depicted worlds as versions of the "mappaemundi" that combine five-climate-zone and T-O (or "orbis terrarium") designs in different ways. The depictions are beautifully reproduced. Gerber analyzes details of three of the four orbs (the fourth is a near duplicate), arguing that their differences "illustrate the fluidity of geographical topics in the Middle Ages" and, in something of a leap, asserting that "the image of the terrestrial target introduces . . . the treatment of malleable geo-historical subjects" in VC (106). Earlier in the essay, Gerber cites Gower's reference to "Mappemounde" in CA 7.530 and argues that "Gower's uses of geographical references when constructing the historical narratives [in CA] indicates some awareness of the euhemeristic approach" to mythology, as when he attributes the "deified qualities" (94) of wind-god Aeolus to the fact his home island of Sicily is windy (CA 5.967-80), or when he presents Pluto as having a childhood and swearing by the rivers of hell in CA 5.1108-10--examples of how Gower follows euhemerists "to interpret ancient texts as literal ones" (93). Geography often figures in euhemeristic literalizations of myths as history, Gerber argues, and this "geo-historical exegetics" (91; quotation marks in original) is the common thread in her discussions of passages from CA, the archer illustrations, and passages from the VC. Gerber's essay is ambitious, introducing a new heuristic for Gower's geographical references and arguing that a skeptical yet flexible exegetical imagination underlies this heuristic. Yet this very capaciousness leads to some fuzziness--a key concept in her statement of goals above, "textual geography" [90], is never defined--, some conceptual leaps haunt her dense prose, and some avoidable errors lurk. For example, "vertical" should be "horizontal" twice in the discussion of the Laud "mappa mundi," where, also, it is air, not water, above the terrestrial building that, Gerber asserts tendentiously, "likely represents the Tower of London" (105). [MA. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gerber, Amanda J. Published Gerber, Amanda J. "Earthly Gower: Transforming Geographical Texts and Images in the Confessio Amantis and Vox Clamantis Manuscripts." In Martha Driver, Derek Pearsall, and R. F. Yeager, eds. John Gower in Manuscripts and Early Printed Books. Publications of the John Gower Society, no. 14. Rochester, NY: Brewer, 2020. Pp. 89-112. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Earthly Gower: Transforming Geographical Texts and Images in the "Confessio Amantis" and "Vox Clamantis" Manuscripts Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Jamie C. Fumo investigates the "Cleanness" poet's treatment of salt, arguing "the poet capitalizes on salt's status as a vexed and unstable signifier in medieval cultural discourse" (142). Fumo begins her article by first tracing the "predominantly favorable cultural coding of salt in the Bible" before engaging "Cleanness." She uses Derrida's concept of "hostipitality"--a portmanteau of hostility and hospitality--to analyze the tension present in Lot's Wife's domestic tasks. Fumo claims, "Lot's wife . . . not only 'sins in salt' by ignoring her husband's stipulation about their guests' dietary requirements, but she also upends the episode's one absolute culinary requirement deriving from Genesis 19: neither she nor anyone makes any bread at all, at least as far as we are told" (146). Fumo effectively demonstrates the poem's reappropriation of salt's significance; she calls this a "queering of salt," adding that such queering challenges 'the moral coherence of Lot's wife herself as exemplum" (147). Fumo continues to explain the cultural and historical significance of salt from culinary uses to social markers in order to situate Lot's wife and her eventual transformation. Of special interest to Gowerians, Fumo offers some comments on Gower's "Tale of Lichaon" from Book VII of the "Confessio Amantis." She claims Gower's version of this tale (in comparison to Ovid's) focuses "on hospitality, as befits a lesson on proper governance, while also intensifying his source's cannibalistic theme" (154). This discussion then leads Fumo to address commensality within hospitality. From this perspective, she offers explanations for why indeed Lot's Wife is turned into salt--what potential culinary/hospitality transgressions named in the poem might suggest. Fumo concludes Lot's Wife in "Cleanness" shows the need for, "radical humility of acknowledging one's capacity to be tested, tasted, and perhaps devoured. To partake of such wisdom not only nourishes the body social in the here and now but maximizes one's chances of being a diner, not a dish, at the final, most exclusive feast" (157). [JGS. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Fumo, Jamie C. Published Fumo, Jamie C. "Eating Well/Well Eaten: Lot's Wife's Folly and the Wisdom of Salt in 'Cleanness.'" Exemplaria 30.2 (2023): 141-62. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Eating Well/Well Eaten: Lot's Wife's Folly and the Wisdom of Salt in "Cleanness." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Description of Gower's tomb, with inscriptions reproduced; brief biography; fine short history of St. Mary Overy. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Wood, Alexander. Published Wood, Alexander. Ecclesiastical Antiquities of London and Its Suburbs. London: Burns and Oates, 1874, pp. 78-88. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ecclesiastical Antiquities of London and Its Suburbs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Harrison summarizes the plot and emphases of Ovid's account of Narcissus and Echo in "Metamorphoses" and those of six "fully developed renditions of the tale" (324): the twelfth-century Old French lay of Narcissus, the version in Guillaume de Lorris's portion of the "Roman de la Rose," the account at the end of Robert of Blois's "Floris et Liriope," the section in "Ovide Moralisé," Gower's separate accounts of the "misadventure" of Narcissus in Book I of "Confessio Amantis" and Echo's "encounter" (333) with Juno in Book V, and the sixteenth-century French play, "Jeu de Narcisse." Harrison concentrates on how and where the post-Ovidian versions vary from Ovid and observes their particularities, with recurrent comments on gender. The summaries are descriptive rather than analytical, but Harrison does observe in her conclusion that, even though the post-Ovidian narratives of Echo "occasion very little overt misogyny," she is "[r]arely . . . an explicit role model for women" (340). Discussing Gower's "bifurcated" (335) version, Harrison says that each "exemplum has its own distinct moral, and they are connected only by one common image"--the bell image at 1.2391 and 5.4640--and a "Latin side note" (333), which Harrison quotes, untranslated and undiscussed, in a footnote. She calls the bell image "arresting because it is the only explicit link" between Gower's two stories (334). His account of Narcissus, Harrison remarks, cautions against "excessive presumptive pride" (333), while the story of Echo is, more expansively, "addressed to men, not women, and it is supportive of woman's claim to monogamous fidelty [sic] in her spouse. The villain of the piece is herself a woman, discovered and punished by another woman who has been duped, and both are hardly positive feminine figures" (335). [MA. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Harrison, Ann Tukey. Published Harrison, Ann Tukey. "Echo and Her Medieval Sisters." Centennial Review 26 (1982): 324-40. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Echo and Her Medieval Sisters. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's CA is one of Spenser's models for "Mother Hubberds Tale." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Renwick, W. L. Published Renwick, W. L. Edmund Spenser: An Essay on Renaissance Poetry. London: Edward Arnold, 1925. 5th reprinting, 1964, p. 67. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allkusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edmund Spenser: An Essay on Renaissance Poetry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Sobecki, Sebastian I Published Sobecki, Sebastian I. "Educating Richard: Incest, Marriage, and (Political) Consent in Gower's 'Tale of Apollonius'." Anglia 125 (2007), pp. 205-16. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Review Gower's tale of Apollonius, Sobecki argues, forms part of the poet's artful attempt to offer advice to his king on the limits upon, and on the most effective way of exercising, his rule. The tale is preceded by a 200-line prologue that is concerned not so much with incest itself or with the "natural" taboo that prevents it as with "the legal discourse that has generated the incest prohibition. As Genius puts it at the end of his prologue, his concern will be 'lust' or lechery in relation to the law: 'Hou lust of love excedeth lawe, / It oghte for to be withdrawe" (CA, VIII.263-64)" (p. 209). Antiochus' offenses against his daughter are situated in "a place lying outside of the Christian restrictions on incest. . . . Measured against the yardstick of Genius' legalistic 'lust of love excedeth lawe", Antiochus is only partly guilty: he cannot be aware that he is offending canon law since he inhabits and gives birth to a pagan world of legend governed by natural law" (p. 210). His real offense is that he makes no attempt to marry his daughter, as in other similar tales, and his incest "is but a thematic device to demonstrate the efficacy of marriage as a cure for lechery. . . . [and that] it is legal discourse that regulates the definitional boundaries between lechery, incest, and marriage" (p. 211). Marriage also provides a metaphor for the relation between the ruler and his subjects. In the tale, Apollonius is not called "king" until after his marriage with Arcestrates' daughter. "It becomes clear that, like incest, Apollonius' political status is discursive, and the title of prince, which stands here for 'ruler, sovereign', is transformed by marriage into the king that he will become later" (p. 212). One important link between marriage and kingship is that both are based upon consent. Apollonius' abandonment of Tyre at the beginning of the tale takes place without "comun assent" (8.493), while his marriage at the end is sanctioned by the unanimous consent of a specially summoned parliament (8.1989-91). "This passage fuses two streams of assent or consensus, the political and the matrimonial one, in a final expression of marriage as a metaphor for harmonious polity" (p. 215). "Rather than viewing the tale as an expression of political cynicism or disillusionment," Sobecki concludes, "I propose to read Gower's legal interplay of incest, marriage, and kingship--fed through he catalyst of Apollonius--as an attempt to suggest to Richard that he should rule his realm in the same way in which he leads his marriage--with conjugal love" (p. 216). [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 27.2] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Educating Richard: Incest, Marriage, and (Political) Consent in Gower's 'Tale of Apollonius' Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This essay examines two reviews of G. C. Macaulay's Clarendon Press edition of "The Complete Works of John Gower" written by the poet Edward Thomas. Edwards provides both a reprinting of these two reviews, making them available for other Gower scholars, as well as an illuminating commentary on them. The first review, "Chaucer's Mate," presents a comparison of Gower's CA with Chaucer. As Edwards comments, this review is marked by the usual preference for Chaucer within this pairing, but it also goes out of its way to "articulate the intrinsic qualities of Gower as a poet and to see such qualities as positive ones" (12). The second review, "The Poet of Southwark," concerns only the fourth volume of Macaulay's edition, that containing the Latin works. Here, as Edwards points out, the method shifts to a more historical framework, leading Thomas to both make an early comparison between Gower and Langland and also to castigate Gower as a poet "lacking in courage" as Thomas reads the VC as a timid refusal to join with the forces of "reformation," siding rather with a "superficial and shameful" order (13). As Edwards further comments: "There is an obvious proleptic irony in Thomas' sense of Gower's predicament. The moral dilemma he believes confronted 'timid' Gower was one he was to face himself in a very different way when he chose to fight in the First World War; he died there on the battlefield in 1917" (13). [EK. Copyright. The John Gower Society eJGN 40.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Edwards, A. S. G. Published Edwards, A. S. G. "Edward Thomas on Gower." In Studies in the Age of Gower: A Festschrift in Honour of R. F. Yeager. Ed. Susannah Mary Chewning. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2020. Pp. 11-20. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Thomas on Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "This study . . . [seeks to] demonstrate the importance of an understanding of the moral connotations of madness--specifically the connection between madness and sin--for the interpretation of many medieval works; to provide an introduction to concepts of disease and madness prevalent in the Middle Ages; to define three conventions of madness [the Mad Sinner, the Unholy Wild Man, the Holy Wild Man]; and to offer new perspectives on some important works which include mad or wild men." Chapter 3 treats Nebuchadnezzar as the "prototype of literary medieval madness" and includes discussion of him in Gower's "Confessio Amantis." [eJGN 44.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Doob, Penelope Billings Reed. Published Doob, Penelope Billings Reed. "Ego Nabugodonosor: A Study of Conventions of Madness in Middle English Literature." Ph.D. Dissertation. Stanford University, 1970. Dissertation Abstracts International 31.04 (1970): 1755A. Full text accessible via ProQuest Theses & Dissertations Global. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ego Nabugodonosor: A Study of Conventions of Madness in Middle English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In discussing appearances of the "Secretum Secretorum," notes Gower's use of it in the CA, Book VII. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Knust, Hermann. Published Knust, Hermann. "Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Escorial-bibliothek." Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur 10 (1869): 165. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Escorial-bibliothek. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review An account of an early attempt by Spies to catalog the vocabulary of CA. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Spies, Heinrich. Published Spies, Heinrich. "Ein Lexicographisches Experiment." Verein Deutscher Philologen und Schulmänner 8 (1905): 161-62. Gower Subject Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ein Lexicographisches Experiment. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Alvar studies de Cuenca's rendering of Gower's "clerc" in his Spanish translation of CA of c. 1400. The translations de Cuenca chose for different contexts -- clérigo, desperta en toda sabiduría, filósofo, letrado, maestro, poeta, sabidor, sabio, valientes teólogos, each of which Alvar examines in some detail -- indicate both how far the English word had developed from its original meaning of "ecclesiastic" and also the care with which de Cuenca worked with his text. When Alvar concludes that Gower's "clerc" is "un intelectual laico" (p. 12), it is difficult to tell whether he means from Gower's or from de Cuenca's point of view. Perhaps both: he makes much of CA 3.1782 ("Ne prest, ne clerc, ne lord, ne knave"), in which Gower makes some sort of distinction between "prest" and "clerc," and in which de Cuenca rendered "clerc" as lego, "layman" (pp. 4-5). But he doesn't give a full consideration of Gower's use in context, nor does he tell us how de Cuenca handled the role of Genius, who is both "Clerk" and "prest" in 1.196 and 203. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 9.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Alvar, Manuel Published Alvar, Manuel. "El Clerc de John Gower y su polivalencia en Juan de Cuenca." In Hispanic Studies in Honor of Joseph H. Silverman. Ed. Ricapito, Joseph V.. Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs, Series Homenajes (5). Newark, Delaware: Juan de la Cuesta, 1988, pp. 1-13. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource El Clerc de John Gower y su polivalencia en Juan de Cuenca Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Juan de la Cuesta, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Cortijo Ocaña announced the discovery of a copy of the long-lost 15th-century Portuguese translation of CA by Robert Payn (on which the better known Castilian translation on Juan de Cuenca was based) in 1995, and he has released more details in several articles published since (see JGN 20.1). Here he provides the first published edition of a portion of the poem, the entirety of Book 6. He also provides a brief introduction, evidently addressed to a readership that knows little of CA, summarizing the book, reviewing the critical commentary upon it, listing its sources, and commenting upon the translation. Extremely faithful for the most part, Payn abbreviates some of the "closing formulas" that mark the ends of the sections marked as chapters in the translation; he expands some of the references to God and to the Virgin; and occasionally changes the order of words or phrases. Otherwise, the precision of the translation leads Cortijo to wonder whether the translator had really become so adept in Portuguese or had worked in collaboration with a native speaker. For the curious, here is an excerpt from the translation, the conclusion to the tale of Ulysses and Telegonus (6.1737-88), as Cortijo reprints it (p. 64): "E el, cheo de noio e de pesar, com grande tristura lhe contou todo o caso assy como el podia, e en como sua madre auya nome Çyrçes, a qual se enujaua a el muytas uezes encomẽdar. E disselhje toda a maneyra de sua bynda. Vllixes, sabendo que quãto lhe dizia que todo era uerdade, nõ enbargando o ssangue que del sahia, tomou[14rb]ho nos braços e, chorando, beyiouho muytas uezes, dizendo: 'Filho meu, esta ĩffortuna que me per ty agora aconteçeo, em quãto eu soo byuo, cõ boa uoontade pera ssenpre te perdoo'. Mandou entõ depressa pollo outro seu filho, o qual a sseu mandado sem mais deteença logo chegou. [vi 1752] Mas quãdo el byu seu padre jazer em ponto de morte, foysse dereito a Thellogonus, seu jrmãao, e quiserao matar, se sseu padre Vllixes nõ fora que antre elles fez paz e boa Concordia, mandando a Thellamacus, seu filho herdeiro, que a todo seu poder fezesse penssar de Thellagonus seu irmãao, ataa que de suas feridas fosse bem guarido, e que entom lhe desse terras de tanta rrenda per que onrradamente se podesse manteer. Thellemacus, ueendo a uõotade de sseu padre queianda era, disse que el staua prestes de conprir todo seu mandado. Assy que dhi en diante estes yrmãos anbos byuerõ de conssũu. E Ollixes [sic], seu padre, cuia ujda era, ia ẽ fim ffoy ueer o outro mũdo. "[vi 1768] Ues a que fym serue feytiçaria. Este rrey per ffeytiçaria conprio seu tallante; per feitiçarya foy começado todo seu mal, per ffeytiçaria scolheo el seu amor; per ffeytiçaria foy acabada sua uyda e seu filho foy geerado per ffeytiçaria, per a qual todo [14va] este mal foy obrado. E assy como el contra a naturalleza obrou bem, asy contra naturalleza ouue seu acabamento. Ca assaz contra naturaleza podemos dizer que foy quãdo o filho per suas mãaos matou seu padre. Porem para mentes que qualquer que guãaça seu amor per esta guisa todo seu prazer xe lhe torna depois ẽ noio. Ca eu acho em scripto en como esta arte em outro tenpo por guaançar amor foy outrossy usada, de que per algũa cronyca enperial se quiseres podes tomar enxenplo, a qual antre os homẽes ataa fym do mũdo por sẽpre ficara em memoria." [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 27.2] The article is available at <http://www.ehumanista.ucsb.edu>. Author/Editor Author/Editor Cortijo Ocaña, Antonio Published Cortijo Ocaña, Antonio. "El libro VI de la Confessio Amantis." eHumanista 8 (2007), pp. 38-72. ISSN 1540 5877 Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource El libro VI de la Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Antonio Cortijo Ocaña continues with his long-term project of editing the Portuguese version of the "Confessio Amantis. In this case, he puts together the edition of book VI, thus culminating a process started in 2007, when the text itself was made available together with an introductory comment on the contents of the book, its sources and the translation (Antonio Cortijo Ocaña. "El libro VI de la Confessio Amantis." eHumanista: Journal of Iberian Studies 8 (2007): 38-72. (See the review in the Gower Bibliography online - http://gowerbib.lib.utsa.edu/). The article now published in the Revista de literatura medieval rounds off this first edition by providing the Portuguese text with a profuse annotation mainly intended to show the differences with Juan de Cuenca's Spanish translation, and occasionally with the English original. Those interested in a more visual parallel with Gower's original may also want to resort to the side-by-side Portuguese-English texts published by Cortijo in eHumanista, in the section devoted to the ongoing Confessio Amantis Project (http://www.ehumanista.ucsb.edu/projects/Confessio%20Amantis/index.shtml). As this online edition includes the above-mentioned annotation apparatus, it allows a thorough view of how the two medieval translations of the Confessio Amantis relate to the English original--an approach that Cortijo has been consistently pursuing in his project, and which is highly valuable for further studies on the Confessio and its Iberian versions. http://www.ehumanista.ucsb.edu/projects/Confessio%20Amantis/VIII%20Spanish%20Translation.pdf. √ No introduction – Spanish text (verse layout) – Some annotation, comparing with English and Portuguese texts. [AS-H. Copyright. The John Gower Society. JGN 30.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Cortijo Ocaña, Antonio Published Cortijo Ocaña, Antonio. "El Libro VI de la Confessio Amantis." Revista de Literatura Medieval 22 (2010), pp. 11-74. ISSN 1130-3611 Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource El Libro VI de la Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This short chapter identifies major access points to bibliographical information in the web pages of the John Gower Society, the New Chaucer Society, and the Medieval Academy of America. Gastle mentions the online editions of Gower's works and also observes that excerpts of Gower's works are available in the Online Medieval and Classical Library and the Harvard Chaucer page. Additionally, he directs our attention to Gower manuscript material available online, specifically, sample pages of the CA and VC in Glasgow MS Hunter 7 and MS Hunter 59, respectively, and a large collection of whole pages and enlarged images of miniatures in Pierpont Morgan "Confessio" manuscripts M125 and M126. Finally, he identifies valuable library databases including "JSTOR" and "Project Muse," and several medieval study sites: "Labyrinth," "ORB" ("Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies"), the "Middle English Compendium," the "Middle English Dictionary," and Luminarium." [Kurt Olsson. Copyright. The John Gower Society. JGN 31.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gastle, Brian W Published Gastle, Brian W. "Electronic Resources." In Approaches to Teaching the Poetry of John Gower. Ed. Yeager, R. F., and Gastle, Brian W. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2011, pp. 26-28. ISBN 9781603290999 Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Electronic Resources Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Modern Language Association of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prints "Traveler's and the Angel," CA, Book II, 291-364; "Rosiphelee," Book IV, 1283-1328; and "Two Coffers," Book V, 2273-90. Text based on Reinhold Pauli (1857), but partially modernized. [RFY1981]. NB: Also published under the title "Beeton's Great Book of Poetry: From Caedmon and King Alfred's Boethius to Browning and Tennyson" (1870). Author/Editor Author/Editor Beeton, Samuel Orchart, and William Michael Rossetti, eds. Published Beeton, Samuel Orchart, and William Michael Rossetti, eds. Encyclopaedia of English and American Poetry, from Caedmon and King Alfred's Boethius to Browning and Tennyson. 2 vols. London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler, 1873, volume 1: items 29-31. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Encyclopaedia of English and American Poetry, from Caedmon and King Alfred's Boethius to Browning and Tennyson. Beeton's Great Book of Poetry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1873 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "Chaucer, Gower, Langland and the Gawain-poet's vernacular poetry embodies concerns with interpretation, modification of verse forms and knowledge of register and the associational pull of sound patterns. . . . Used for sense-making and sensuality, sound-patterning is both an interpretive element and a given of end-rhyme and alliterative verse. Sound-echo interactions in poetry influence connotation and, hence, denotation. Comparative and contrastive groupings generated by underlying or site-specific referential sound-patterns create sonotations: sound-cued patterns of denotative interaction and accumulations of connotation. . . . My interpretive, comparative, sound-pattern analyses of rhyme and alliteration are focused upon prominently patterned sound in relation to specific words (chapter two), characters (chapter three), settings (chapter four) or an entire poem [Pearl] (chapter five)." [JGN 15.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bormann, Sally Published Bormann, Sally. "End-rhyme and Alliteration Sonotations in Chaucer, Gower, Langland and the 'Gawain'-poet." PhD thesis, University of Michigan, 1994. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource End-rhyme and Alliteration Sonotations in Chaucer, Gower, Langland and the 'Gawain'-poet Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 Type The nature or genre of the resource Thesis NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This article explores how legal issues and language make an impact on the "Mirour de l'Omme." In particular, Ni examines Gower's handling of property rights and ownership in terms of the medieval doctrine of "enfeoffment to use" (87 and passim). She starts with the familiar case of the much-discussed Aldington Septvauns property (87), but focuses less on questions of Gower's possible legal misbehavior than on how the legal language of property use and ownership then appears in the MO. Ni draws on Michael Bennett's recent analysis of that case (87, n. 6) to agree that the distinction between ownership and use implied by the mechanism of "enfeoffment to use" goes far to help resolve the problems in the land case, and then to argue that "this legal device could have found its way into the poem" (88). In particular, Ni promises "to illuminate the poet's humanistic accentuation of free will and intentionality, that is, Man's control of himself and his choice between spiritual and material property in the face of demonic influences" (88). Ni initially seeks to show "how Gower recasts enfeoffment to use as a metaphor for Man's Fall" (88), via a detailed explanation of how "enfeoffment to use" works as a legal device separating ownership of land per se from the right to make use of it (89-92). Ni then pivots to seeing this principle of land ownership as a model for Man's status is the MO, owning worldly property but being owned in a sense by the devil (93). To support this reading, Ni digs into the terms "use" and "saisine" (possession) in the Anglo-French legal register and the MO, along with the term "demure" (residence) (93-94). Analyzing Gower's wording in his discussion of Man, Ni notes that "Gower does not say that Sin and Death take 'seisine,' or 'possession,' of man; rather, he says that they take demure, or 'residence,' in him. The rights of residence and use must be separated from the rights of ownership" (94). Ni also notes that "in the MO, almost all of the uses of 'use' and 'saisine' are negative, with an emphasis on the impossibility of fully owning anything in the postlapsarian world" (97). She extends this distinction to address details of Man's relationship to the World in the "devils' parliament" (98). Ni concludes that only enfeoffment to use would explain the balance of use and ownership represented there (99). Thus, "for Man . . . having the 'contractual' right to enjoy the world does not mean having the 'property right' to own the world. The World, in contrast, can easily transform the 'contractual right' (rights 'in personam') to hold Man's soul to his use into the devils' property right (rights 'in rem') to fully claim his soul" (99). Finally, Ni "demonstrates that the 'Mirour' explores the tension between legalism, defined as 'strict adherence to the letter rather than the spirit of law,' and humanism, defined broadly as belief in the legibility of God and the constructive powers of human nature" (88), arguing in this final section that this legal distinction does not necessarily function as a totalistic reading of the poem; she suggests that Gower's treatment of the soul's use and ownership ultimately support a notion of Gower's "humanism" (104), which she contrasts to a modern sense of the term. Ni concludes that Gower's legal focus here reinforces his moral and didactic (humanist) focus, particularly in terms of the need to own one's soul. [RAL. Copyright, John Gower Society. eJGN 43.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ni, Yun. Published Ni, Yun. "Enfeoffment to Use, Legalism, and Humanism in Gower's 'Mirour de l'Omme'." JEGP 122, no. 1 (2023): 86-106. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme Language and Word Studies Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Enfeoffment to Use, Legalism, and Humanism in Gower's "Mirour de l'Omme." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Bullón-Fernández examines the relation between clerical and lay authority in CA, using as her focus the tale of Constance, which she situates in the context of late medieval power struggles between kings and both popes and parliaments. Gower reduces the role of patriarchal ecclesiastical authorities in the tale, including that of the pope. In their place, he offers Constance. She is not only the daughter of the emperor, but figuratively also his wife (e.g. in providing him with an heir) and his mother (in the lines describing his reaction on being reunited with her, CA 2.1524-27), a "riddle" which recalls Mary's relationship with Christ and the Church's relationship with both God and the Christian community. Gower thus represents the church in a female figure, subordinate to and dependent upon lay masculine power. But he does not do so uncritically. Gower elsewhere uses father-daughter incest to condemn absolutist political power. The incestuous connotations in "Constance" offer a commentary on the pretensions of absolutism and "its fantasy of self-reproducing, in other words, incestuous, royal power" (p. 143). Thus at the same time that the tale supports lay claims to power (with regard to the church), it also suggests the need to delimit them (by implication with regard to parliamentary authority). [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 18.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bullón-Fernández, María Published Bullón-Fernández, María. "Engendering Authority: Father and Daughter, State and Church in Gower's 'Tale of Constance' and Chaucer's 'Man of Law's Tale'." In Re-visioning Gower. Ed. Yeager, R.F.. Ashville, NC: Pegasus Press, 1998, pp. 129-146. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Engendering Authority: Father and Daughter, State and Church in Gower's 'Tale of Constance' and Chaucer's 'Man of Law's Tale'. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pegasus Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1998 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Rayborn's observations on Gower come as part of a chapter entitled "England: The Turbulent 14th Century, and the Writings of Chaucer, Langland and Gower." Raymond's commentary on fourteenth-century English antifraternalism, part of his broader survey, summarizes the ravages of the Black Death and connects plague, estates satire, and antifraternal writing by English literary authors. In a separate chapter he discusses critiques of the friars by Matthew Paris, Richard FitzRalph, and John Wyclif. His treatment of Chaucer includes comments on the "General Prologue" description of the Friar and the satiric elements of the "Summoner's Tale," noting concerns with glossing in the latter and connections with The Roman de la Rose. Describing and summarizing "Piers Plowman," he observes associations between friars, Antichrist, and "apocalypticism" (133), and comments on relations between critique and reform. His section on Gower is his briefest, including in four pages (pp. 130-33) a short biography and descriptions of MO, VC, and CA. He emphasizes the typicality of Gower's "attacks and accusations" against the mendicants without providing details, and suggests that such assaults accumulate in VC "to the point of tedium" (133). [MA. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Rayborn, Tim. Published Rayborn, Tim. "England: The Turbulent 14th Century, and the Writings of Chaucer, Langland and Gower." In Against the Friars: Antifraternalism in Medieval France and England. (Jefferson, N. C.: McFarland, 2014), pp. 117-33. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource England: The Turbulent 14th Century, and the Writings of Chaucer, Langland and Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review One might expect Gower, with his revisions in both CA and VC and with his "Cronica Tripertita," to occupy a significant place in a study of the Lancastrian enlistment of both poetry and history in their quest for legitimacy in the first decades of the fifteenth century, but Strohm mentions our poet only once, and without reference to Gower's participation in Henry's cause. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 18.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Strohm, Paul Published Strohm, Paul. "England's Empty Throne: Usurpation and the Language of Legitimation, 1399-1422." New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource England's Empty Throne: Usurpation and the Language of Legitimation, 1399-1422. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Yale University Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1998 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues that all of Gower's major works fall within the tradition of the poem of instruction addressed to a ruler (also known as a mirror for princes genre) [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kleineke, Wilhelm Published Kleineke, Wilhelm. Englische Fürstenspiegel vom Policraticus Johanns bis zum Basilikon Doron König Jakobs I. Studien zur englischen Philologie, no. 90. Halle: Niemeyer, 1937, pp. 129-35 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Englische Fürstenspiegel vom Policraticus Johanns bis zum Basilikon Doron König Jakobs I. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Compares Gower's versification briefly to Chaucer's, pointing out Gower's greater conservatism. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kaluza, Max. Published Kaluza, Max. Englische Metrik in historischer Entwicklung. Berlin: E. Felber, 1909, pp. 229-30. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Englische Metrik in historischer Entwicklung. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Describes Gower's rhyme patterns, his use of iambic lines, placement of caesura, use and frequency of enjambment. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schipper, J. Published Schipper, J. Englische Metrik in historischer und systematischer Entwicklung dargestellt. Bonn: E. Strauss, 1881, I, 279-80, 427, 483-88. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Englische Metrik in historischer und systematischer Entwicklung dargestellt. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1881 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Concerned with Gower's large contribution to the formation of the English language and with his being properly considered by compilers of dictionaries. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Spies, Heinrich. Published Spies, Heinrich. "Englische Wörterbucharbeit und Vorführung des Gowerschen Wortschätzes." Archiv für das Studium der Neueren Sprachen und Literaturen 116 (1906): 111 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Englische Wörterbucharbeit und Vorführung des Gowerschen Wortschätzes. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Doyle is concerned to determine "what grounds there are for thinking that particular English books were made for, owned or used by people 'at court' in one or another of the senses of that phrase . . . ." In due course, he examines the Ellesmere manuscript of the Confessio Amantis (Huntington Library 26.A.17) and the Trinity College, Cambridge, R.III.2 manuscript, as well as glancing briefly at a group of mansucripts of the early fifteenth century produced commercially by the same scribe and illuminted by the Scheerre School. Arguing that the available information is too scanty for all but the most tentative of conclusions, Doyle nevertheless suggests that there was nothing like a 'court style' in book production, or in literary taste. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 3.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Doyle, A.I Published Doyle, A.I. "English Books In and Out of Court from Edward III to Henry IV." In English Court Culture in the Later Middle Ages. Ed. Scattergood, V.J and Sherborne, J.W. London: Duckworth, 1983, pp. 163-182. ISBN 0715616374 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Books In and Out of Court from Edward III to Henry IV. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Duckworth, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Two selections from two manuscripts of the "Confessio Amantis"--Princeton, Princeton University Library, MS Garrett 136, and Washington, D.C., Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V.b.29--are used to illustrate, respectively, the difference between an anglicana hand of ca. 1400 and a secretary hand, ca. 1450. Page 10 contains a transcription of the texts, discussion of the hands, and--very briefly--of the manuscripts; page 11 plates show the passages in situ. [RFY. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 41.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Preston, Jean F., and Laetitia Yeandle. Published Preston, Jean F., and Laetitia Yeandle. English Handwriting 1400-1650: An Introductory Manual (Binghamton, NY: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1992), pp.10-11. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Handwriting 1400-1650: An Introductory Manual. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower is "a poet I name from a sense of duty rather than any special liking . . . . He had art, he had learning, he had good will; but he could not weave words into the thrush-like melodies of Chaucer." Describes VC and CA negatively, with brief biographical comments. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Mitchell, Donald G. Published Mitchell, Donald G. English Lands, Letters, and Kings from Celt to Tudor. New York: Scribner's, 1889, pp. 127-29. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Lands, Letters, and Kings from Celt to Tudor. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1889 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Describes CA as "a larger, and a better, collection of tales than any which had preceded it in English," but agrees with James R. Lowell's opinion (1871) that the "writings of Gower are most aptly called 'works'." [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Rankin, Thomas E. Aikin, William M. Published Rankin, Thomas E., and William M. Aikin. English Literature. New York: Macmillan, 1917, pp. 10, 36, 38 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexamined; in Japanese. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kuriyagawa, Fumio. Published Kuriyagawa, Fumio. English Literature and Languages in the Middle Ages. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1951. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature and Languages in the Middle Ages. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief assessment of works and sources; Gower was a moral storyteller. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Brooke, Stopford A. Sampson, George Published Brooke, Stopford A., and George Sampson. English Literature from A.D. 670 to A.D. 1832. London: Macmillan, 1928, pp. 40-41, 48, 54. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature from A.D. 670 to A.D. 1832. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prose translations of the following: MO 25213-5500, 26077-6136; the Latin head for the verse epistle to Bishop Arundel, following MS. All Souls; CA Prologue 1-25; 24*-75*; Book VIII 2941*-57*; CB 1, stanza 3; and Traitié pour Essampler les Amants Marietz 18, stanza 4, with brief commentary and contextualizing quotations from Macaulay, Stow, and others. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Benham, Allen Rogers, ed. and trans. Published Benham, Allen Rogers, ed. and trans. English Literature from Widsith to the Death of Chaucer. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1916, pp. 248-54, 599-601, and 608. Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Confessio Amantis Cinkante Balades Traitié pour Essampler les Amants Marietz Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature from Widsith to the Death of Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower was a contemporary of Chaucer. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Reynolds, George F. Published Reynolds, George F. English Literature in Fact and Story. New York: Century, 1929, pp. 52-3, and 58. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature in Fact and Story. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower was "not highly illustrious," except as a friend of Chaucer. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Johnson, Richard Malcolm. Browne, William Hand. Published Johnson, Richard Malcolm, and William Hand Browne. English Literature: A Historical Sketch of English Literature from the Earliest Times. New York: University Publishing, 1873, p. 53. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature: A Historical Sketch of English Literature from the Earliest Time. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1873 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Praising assessment of CA; no other works mentioned. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Mullik, B. R. Published Mullik, B. R. English Literature: Its Background and Development. Dehli: S. Chand, 1962, pp. 29-30 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature: Its Background and Development Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief, generally negative assessment of works as overly moral, slow moving and dull. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Newcomer, Alphonso Gerald. Published Newcomer, Alphonso Gerald. English Literature. Chicago: Scott, Foresman, 1905, pp. 47-48. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review As a poet and thinker, Gower was a "typical product of the Middle Ages." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Widdows, Margharita. Published Widdows, Margharita. English Literature. New York: Dutton, 1928, pp. 37-40, 43, 55. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A brief overview of Gower's major works, with the conclusion that Gower was aristocratic in his audience, and basically conservative, although his moral attacks on feudalism show how near was this system's end. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schlauch, Margaret. Published Schlauch, Margaret. English Medieval Literature and Its Social Foundations. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1956, pp. 221-24. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Medieval Literature and Its Social Foundations. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses Gower on pages 114-32. Following the theorist Viktor Shklovsky, we can identify two categories of story collections in the fourteenth century. The first of these, "based on a narrative device with some motivation, for example that of delay or dispute, which has a definite purpose," describes the Confessio Amantis as well as, among other works, the Seven Sages of Rome. Gower, "one of the greatest intellectuals of his time," develops the poem around the frame systematically, with "ethical, scientific and narrative motives" in mind. The chapter concludes with an assessment of Gower's successful narratives techniques. The study is generally concerned with types of medieval narrative--religious, comic, romance, dream-visions, story collections--and Chaucer's mastery of these.[PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 4.2 and 1.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Boitani, Piero Published Boitani, Piero. "English Medieval Narrative in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982 ISBN 0521235626 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Medieval Narrative in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Cambridge University Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prints "Eson Regains his Youth," CA, Book V, 3945-4174. Reprints Macaulay; glosses at bottom of page. [RFY1891]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Manly, John M., ed. Published Manly, John M., ed. English Poetry, 1170-1892. Boston: Ginn, 1907, pp. 22-24 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Poetry, 1170-1892. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1907