7 100 2176 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Attempts to assess sequence structurally, historically, critically, and artistically. Covers criticism of CB; imagery used, including natural imagery; philosophical ideas present; mythological elements; some attempt to place sequence in the tradition of courtly love. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Hagman, Lynn Wells. Published Hagman, Lynn Wells. A Study of Gower's "Cinkante Balades." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Detroit, 1968. Dissertation Abstracts International 29:1207A-8A. Gower Subject Cinkante Balades Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Study of Gower's "Cinkante Balades." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Re-opens the question of the date of "Le Songe Vert," and disputes its attribution to Gower. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Wimsatt, James. Published Wimsatt, James. Chaucer and the French Love Poets. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968, pp. 140ff. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and the French Love Poets. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Notes Gower's early use of English for poetry and his Kentish background. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Brook, G. L. Published Brook, G. L. A History of the English Language. London: Andre Deutsch, 1968, pp. 48, 55. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A History of the English Language. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Anatomizes the uses of prepositions in CA, offering "General Considerations" of their history, usage, and flexibility in Middle English, and a detailed dictionary of the meanings, uses, and functions of Gower's individual prepositions, arranged in alphabetical order. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Kanno, Masahiko. Published Kanno, Masahiko. "Prepositions in Gower's Confessio Amantis." Bulletin of Gifu Pharmaceutical College 18 (1968): 13-46. Unrestricted access at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/229509444.pdf; accessed July 26, 2022. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Prepositions in Gower's Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Bennett, J. A. W. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Review Discusses various loci in CA and MO as analogues to the "House of Fame." [RFY1981] Published Bennett, J. A. W. Chaucer's Book of Fame: An Exposition of the "House of Fame." Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968, pp. 20, 21, 35, 40, 41, 64n, 66, 78, 126, 127, 133, 139, 147, 152ff., 157n, 176. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Book of Fame: An Exposition of the "House of Fame." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Halliday, F. E. Published Halliday, F. E. Chaucer and His World. New York: Viking, 1968, pp. 7, 48, 66, 78, 99, 112. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Biography of Gower Review Argues that Gower was not as up-to-date as Chaucer in the 1370s; since he is finishing MO and beginning VC, he is not yet writing in English. Man of Law's Prologue contains a dig at Gower; Gower and Chaucer were friends, though perhaps some strain was there; Gower claims Chaucer as disciple; Gower was Chaucer's attorney while Chaucer was in Italy; picture of Gower's tomb [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and His World. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The second half treats the character development of Amans in CA, showing his change from a superficial human being to a realistic, mature one. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hoben, Sister Marian William. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Published Hoben, Sister Marian William. John Gower's "Confessio Amantis": An Analysis of the Criticism and a Critical Analysis. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania, 1968. Dissertation Abstracts International 30A 1136-37. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Title A name given to the resource John Gower's "Confessio Amantis": An Analysis of the Criticism and a Critical Analysis. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Review Lengthy essay-reviews of Maria Wickert's "Studien zu John Gower" (1953), Eric Stockton's "The Major Latin Works of John Gower" (1962), and Terence Tiller's translation of CA "The Lover's Shrift" (1963). [RFY1981] Published Ito, Masayoshi. "On the New Trends of Gower Studies." Shiron 19 (1968): 68-78. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On the New Trends of Gower Studies. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Lawlor, John. Published Lawlor, John. Chaucer. London: Hutchinson, 1968, pp. 106-07 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Review Suggests that Chaucer's "comic and realistic bent" in the "Canterbury Tales" may have surprised Gower and prompted him to remove the "flattering allusion to Chaucer as Venus's special poet and disciple" from CA (VIII, *2952ff.). [RFY1981; rev. MA] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Gervase, Mathew. Published Gervase, Mathew. The Court of Richard II. New York: Norton; London: John Murray, 1968, pp. 5, 23, 30, 48, 53, 60, 68-69, 74-82, 92, 99, 120, 122, 133, 136, 167. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Review Generally uses Gower's works as a source for historical speculations on the relationship of Richard II to poets; on levels of trilingualism and learning in the late fourteenth century; on contemporary notions of knighthood, courtesy, etc. Mentions all of Gower's works, drawing comparisons with Chaucer and with Langland; examines CA most carefully. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Court of Richard II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Newstead, Helaine, ed. Published Newstead, Helaine, ed. Chaucer and His Contemporaries: Essays on Medieval Literature and Thought. Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett, 1968, pp. ii-iii. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Review A collection of critical essays, with an introduction by Newstead in which she points out that Gower exemplifies the polylinguality of Chaucer's contemporaries. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and His Contemporaries: Essays on Medieval Literature and Thought. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Robertson, D. W., Jr. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Biography of Gower Published Robertson, D. W., Jr. Chaucer's London. New York: John Wiley, 1968, pp. 3, 58, 150, 151, 170, 174, 212-13, 221. Review Gower describes London as "Troy" (VC, Bk. I) and is vehement in his condemnation of the Peasants' Revolt; Gower's work, unlike Chaucer's, is characterized by "plodding seriousness"; Gower had ties with the Arundel family; Gower was very moral and a good friend of Chaucer. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's London. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Stanfod, W. B. Published Stanford, W. B. The Ulysses Theme: A Study in the Adaptability of a Traditional Hero. 2d ed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1968, pp. 182-83, 188-89, 229, 245, 268n1, 277n12, 290-92. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Gower's presentation of Ulysses in CA, Bk, VI (as a polymath magician) is evidence of Augustinian antipathy to intellectual curiosity, here compared to Dante's presentation in "The Inferno." Yet CA (in Bks. 5 and 6) "shows wider literary scope" than Gower's "medieval predecessors" and he generally favors Ulysses, except for his "skill in the Black Art." [RFY1981; rev. MA] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Ulysses Theme: A Study in the Adaptability of a Traditional Hero. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Wagenknecht, Edward. Published Wagenknecht, Edward. The Personality of Chaucer. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968, pp. 24, 53, 58, 68, 115-16, 144. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Gower as Chaucer's friend, moral and poetic critic, a pacifist, a writer of love poetry who, like Chaucer, felt he may have been a bit too fond of love-poetry in his youth; if Chaucer was "hitting at" Gower in Man of Law's Prologue, he was hitting "below the belt." [RFY1981; rev. MA] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Personality of Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Weber, Edwart. Published Weber, Edwart. John Gower and G. B. Shaw: Antipoden einer Abendlandischen Entwicklung. Bad Homburg: Weber, 1968. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Contrasts Gower's maintenance of medieval status quo with Shaw's socialism. [RFY1981]. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower and G. B. Shaw: Antipoden einer Abendlandischen Entwicklung. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Whittock, Trevor. Published Whittock, Trevor. A Reading of the Canterbury Tales. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 106, 110-16, 285n Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Review Compares Chaucer's "Man of Law's Tale" with Gower's Tale of Constance in CA, Book II, 587ff., which Whittock finds "flat and dull" by comparison even though it "fairly successfully fuse[s] pathetic realism with credulous acceptance of improbabilities"; the tones of the narratives differ. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Reading of the Canterbury Tales. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In Japanese; no English abstract. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Oiji, Takero. Published Oiji, Takero. "Wat Tyler's Rebellion and English Literature." In Takero Oiji, ed. Chaucer to sono shuhen [Chaucer and His Contemporary Poets] (Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1968), chapter 12. Reprinted in 14 seiki no eibungaku, IV (Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1976), chapter 2. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wat Tyler's Rebellion and English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Readable, thumbnail biography; assessment of works in relation to Chaucer's. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Isso, Carlo. Published Isso, Carlo. Storia della Letterature Inglese. Milan: Accademia, 1968, pp. 9, 61, 88-92, 96, 118, 122, 131. 143, 149, 165, 196, 396. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Biography of Gower Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Storia della Letterature Inglese. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In the Prologue to the CA, Gower relates Nebuchadnezzar's vision of the composite statue. Gower's account, however, differs from other Middle English sources, and indeed from the biblical Book of Daniel. In particular, Gower does not explicitly designate Belshazzar as the son of Nebuchadnezzar (although Regan notes that he does so in the MO), and he does not mention the Medes as conquerors of Babylon. The source that mostly closely approximates Gower's version is Boccaccio's De Casibus Illustrium Virorum, passages of which Gower may have memorized as part of his practice of writing "cento." Regan further surveys medieval interpretations of the world empires that are traditionally associated with the precious metals of the statue, and suggests that Gower's decision to associate silver only with the Persians, and not with the Medes, makes sense given his theme of gradual "division" during the course of history. If Gower had divided the Chaldean empire among the Medes and the Persians he would have damaged the climactic quality of his verse. Silver remains a noble metal and the end of the Chaldean empire occurs at a time when the world had only just begun to change for the worse. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Regan, Charles L Published Regan, Charles L. "John Gower and the Fall of Babylon: Confessio Amantis, Prol. ll. 670-86." English Language Notes 7.2 (1969), pp. 85-92. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower and the Fall of Babylon: Confessio Amantis, Prol. ll. 670-86 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Ito compares the frequency and usage of rime riche in Gower's CA and MO as well as Chaucer's works. Gower uses 383 rime riches in the CA or about one for every hundred lines, whereas Chaucer uses about a third of that. Ito points out that modern translators avoid this device, "regarding it [as] too artificial, or even comical, whereas to ME poets … such sonorous, euphonic repetition of verbal sound as rime riche was far more 'poetical' than we suppose" (31). Of the CA's rime riches, three quarters are made of native words and the rest are French loan words. High frequency pairings tend to be of Old English origin and are generally used for colloquial speech or as poetic filler to complete the line. Most of Gower's rime riches play on semantic contrast, but a small number consist of words that are different only on a grammatical level. Gower's rime riches aim for "logical clarity" (36), whereas Chaucer's can also convey a sense of humour. Ito points out two passages (CA Book 5.79-90 and 8.3151-56) where multiple rime riches occur together and he notes that at times Gower uses rime riche to bridge two sentences (this is called "rime-breaking" or "a broken couplet"). Ito's conclusion summarizes the reasons for Gower's frequent recourse to rime riche wordplay and provides some final comparisons between Gower and Chaucer. [CvD; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi Published Ito, Masayoshi. "Gower's Use of Rime Riche in Confessio Amantis: As Compared with His Practice in Mirour de L'Omme and with the Case of Chaucer." Studies in English Literature 46 (1969), pp. 29-44. Reprinted version in Ito's John Gower, The Medieval Poet (Tokyo: Shinozaki Shorin, 1976), pp. 214-31. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's Use of Rime Riche in Confessio Amantis: As Compared with His Practice in Mirour de L'Omme and with the Case of Chaucer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Iwasaki points out that in Gower's English syntax "part of a subordinate clause may precede the connective" (205). By "connective" Iwasaki means conjunctions and relatives. As an example we may take the following lines: "Sche bad Yris hir Messagere / To Slepes hous that she schal wende" (4.2972-73). In the second line, the adverbial phase "To Slepes hous" precedes the connective "that." This type of inversion is quite common in the CA and even parts of a sentence that begin with "and" or "bot" may have their order reversed. Macaulay often correctly points out how a line should be construed, but neither he nor the original scribes are always consistent with how they punctuate such inversions. Gower's principal motivation for using this peculiar word order was likely to maintain the iambic rhythm of the line. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Iwasaki, Haruo Published Iwasaki, Haruo. "A Peculiar Feature in the Word-Order of Gower's Confessio Amantis." Studies in English Literature 45 (1969), pp. 205-220. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Peculiar Feature in the Word-Order of Gower's Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Pearsall acknowledges that Gower's decision to write in three languages may be perceived as "a timid hedging of bets on posterior fame, a safe but unspectacular investment" (5), but he argues that "there is a logic in Gower's progress through the languages which reflects the age, as always, with great fidelity" (5). For instance, the morally didactic MO comes in "a long tradition of serious, practical, admonitory writing in Anglo-French" (5). Accordingly, Pearsall suggests that in the MO Gower "places a moral grid over the map of human experience and reads it through that" (8). Truth, for Gower, is a castle under siege, "whose walls are crumbling and showing fissures. It is his duty, not to make daring exploratory forays into the hinterland of experience, but to shore up these fragments against the world's ruin" (8). The same is true for the VC, for when Gower asserts the moral responsibility of man in the face of the forces of Fortune and Nature, "nothing better illustrates the meaninglessness of experience, in the medieval scheme, in comparison with moral truth" (8-9). Gower's "savage Roman obscenity of wit" (9) in this work further suggests something of "the imaginative and verbal licence which Latin provided, when the simple innocence of the laity was not in danger of being corrupted" (9). The most interesting part of the VC, for Pearsall, is Book 1. Pearsall writes: "The Revolt certainly disturbed Gower, but it was a godsend to him as a fulfillment of his prophecies and as a way of getting his poem off to an explosive start" (10). In comparison with Gower's French and Latin works, the CA is "a relaxation from these strenuous moral endeavours … In this poem Gower found, as if by chance, his natural vocation as a polished and fluent verse narrator, and it is this story-teller's gift which is our chief delight in reading Gower, and his chief claim on our attention" (5-6). The bulk of Pearsall's chapter on Gower is therefore dedicated to proving the greatness of the CA, where Gower writes "out of imaginative sympathy and not out of admonitory purpose" (6). Much here is borrowed from Pearsall's previous article, "Gower's Narrative Art" (1966), although often with different nuances and emphases. For instance, more attention is given to Gower's excision of the reference to Chaucer, and Pearsall dwells a little longer on Gower's "verbal artistry" (21). Generally, though, all the same points are made, and Pearsall's conclusion repeats his earlier findings: "The Confessio, however, does in the end become something more than a programme, for it passes beyond prescription to a 'civilization of the heart', in which fine feeling, humane sensitivity and 'gentillesse' take over the role of conscience as the source of virtuous action. Sin is made to seem not so much deadly as stupid and low" (17). Pearsall's brief volume also refers sporadically to some of the minor works, and it includes a chronology of important dates in Gower's life as well as a select bibliography of the more important secondary literature on Gower. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Pearsall, Derek Published Pearsall, Derek. "Gower and Lydgate." Harlow, Essex . London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1969 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism In Praise of Peace Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Vox Clamantis Cinkante Balades Cronica Tripertita Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower and Lydgate Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Longmans, Green & Co., Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower and Chaucer were friends. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Lewis, Dorothy B. Published Lewis, Dorothy B. "Chaucer and Shakespeare." In A. C. Cawley, ed. Chaucer's Mind and Art (Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd, 1969), pp, 120, 169. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and Shakespeare. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The CA is built of opposites; Genius with responsibilities as a reproductive god and tutelary spirit; war and peace; courtly/Christian; dream-vision of Court of Love leading to vision of heavenly love. Examines tales in groups of lovers who succeed or fail in governing their emotions with reason, and political rulers with reason, or do not. Last chapter devoted to "Apollonius of Tyre" as a lover and ruler who does everything right. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Grellner, Sister Mary Alice. Published Grellner, Sister Mary Alice. John Gower's "Confessio Amantis": A Critical Assessment of Themes and Structure. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1969. Dissertation Abstracts International A30.06 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower's "Confessio Amantis": A Critical Assessment of Themes and Structure. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Traces the two traditions of attitudes toward Dido in Latin and Christian literature: Dido as a suicide preserves herself from a forced marriage with Sichaeus, and Dido as an adulterous women who kills herself out of grief for the departed Aeneas. Gower follows the latter tradition in the CA. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lord, M. L. Published Lord, M. L. "Dido as an Example of Chastity: The Influence of Example Literature." Harvard Library Bulletin 17 (January and April, 1969): 22-44, 216-32. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dido as an Example of Chastity: The Influence of Example Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Allusions to Pan are not common in England before the 1580s, but Chaucer has one, BD 512; Gower has two, CA, VIII, 2239-40 and V, 1005-44 (see also Pro. 116-17); and Lydgate has one in "Assembly of Gods, 323-24. Chaucer and Gower follow Servius, "Eclogue" II, 31: Pan a "poetis fingitur cum amore luctatus et ab eo victus, quia, ut legimus, omnia vincit amor." ("Pan is depicted by the poets as wrestling with love and defeated by him, since, as we read, love conquers all"). [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Merivale, Patricia. Published Merivale, Patricia. Pan the Goat-god: His Myth in Modern Times. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969, pp. 16, 240n40, 254n2 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan the Goat-god: His Myth in Modern Times. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's works examined in light of didactic, rhetorical, and homiletic traditions. Gower fully didactic in intent, approach, and content. Author/Editor Author/Editor Olsson, Kurt O. Published Olsson, Kurt O. The Poetry of John Gower: The Art of Moral Rhetoric. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Chicago, 1969. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Poetry of John Gower: The Art of Moral Rhetoric. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "Ceyx and Alcione" is found in both the CA and Chaucer's "Book of the Duchess," but this is not evidence of much. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Elliott, R. W. V. Published Elliott, R. W. V. "Chaucer's Reading." In A. C. Cawley, ed. Chaucer's Mind and Art (Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd, 1969), p. 51. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Reading. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A comparison of Shakespeare's "Pericles" V, I, 42-220 and the parallel passage from the CA (VIII, 1629-1746), to the effect that Gower's poem shown to be a close but not the sole source of the play. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Scott, William D. Published Scott, William D. "Another 'Heroical Devise' in 'Pericles'." Shakespeare Quarterly 20 (1969): 91-95. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Another "Heroical Devise" in "Pericles." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Primarily a study of early Modern English, using a modified "history of ideas" approach. Topics include "Gower's Pacifism," "Gower's Politics," "Gower on Kingship," Gower on Love," always with the concern to show how these affect his use of language. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Cottle, Basil. Published Cottle, Basil. The Triumph of English, 1150-1400. London: Barnes and Noble, 1969, pp. 22, 40, 43, 68-69, 120-26, 138, 258, 270, 293-97, 303. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Triumph of English, 1150-1400. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A broadly inclusive study of complaint poetry, covering poets as diverse as Marcabru and Dunbar; notes of Gower that the VC is part of the complaint genre, and contains many instances of the "world turned upside down"--Book III, Chapters 14, 15; Book VII, Chapters 3, 4, 23. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Keller, Joseph R. Published Keller, Joseph R. "The Triumph of Vice: A Formal Approach to the Medieval Complaint Against the Times." Annuale Mediaevale 10 (1969): 120-37. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Triumph of Vice: A Formal Approach to the Medieval Complaint Against the Times. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Schreiber's dissertation comprises four studies on the place and function of Venus in individual Middle English narratives--one each on Gower's "Confessio Amantis," Lydgate's "Temple of Glas," Henryson's "Testament of Cresseid," and the "Kingis Quair"--prefaced by a survey of the goddess in medieval mythographic tradition. Each of these stands on its own but Schreiber throws up his hands when he thinks about pulling them together in his conclusion: "the poetic values of the goddess are most difficult to delineate, and thus, I suggest, a summary of the 'figurae' of Venus would entail restatement of the analyses which I have already given" (140). The plural "figurae"/"figures" mentioned here might well have appeared in the title of Schreiber's dissertation, as he states and reiterates Venus's variety and ambiguities throughout--description and source study rather than synthesis. In his discussion of the CA Schreiber grounds an argument for the unity of Gower's work--which he considers "well unified"; its "vision consistent" (35)--upon the idea that Amans undergoes "self-discovery through the process of confession," with Venus playing a role "much like Lady Philosophy who told Boethius that he had forgotten his true identity" (48), even while she is "highly ambiguous" (49). As with Venus, Schrieber says, "we are also unsure of the true character of her priest Genius" (50). Surveying the double (or triple) nature of Venus and similar background to Genius in medieval philosophy and "philosophical poetry" (John Scotus Erigena, Alain de Lille, Bernardus Silvestris, the "Roman de la Rose," and more), Schreiber suggests that Amans' eventual self-recognition and progress from lower to higher love are signified in Book VIII, when Venus re-appears with her mirror, with its multiple "traditional functions"; she then disappears again because she does not "participate in the new dispensation, wherein understanding becomes wisdom only by the infusion of divine charity. Instead, she is . . . Scotus' 'bonae ac naturales virtues' and Bernardus' 'musica mundana,' the good Venus of Alan's 'De planctu' who represents the proper exercise of man's natural virtues in the economy of Creation" (60-61). [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schreiber, Earl George. Published Schreiber, Earl George. "The Figure of Venus in Late Middle English Poetry." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Illinois, 1969. Dissertation Abstracts International 31 (1970): 767A. Full-text available at ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Figure of Venus in Late Middle English Poetry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Economou elucidates the influences that shaped Gower's character Genius. Alan de Lille, in De Planctu Naturae, uses Genius as a kind of double to Natura. Genius is her representative on earth and is especially associated with procreation. Jean de Meun in turn expands the role of Genius by giving him the function of confessor in The Roman de la Rose. However, in the Roman, "the Christian cosmological and moral conception of sexual love as it is expressed in Alan is assigned to the character Raison rather than to Natura and Genius" (206). In addition, for Jean de Meun, Genius and Nature represent procreation without clear reference to marriage or Christian morality. Genius further enters the service of Venus, who is entirely associated with cupidity and "luxuria" in the Roman. It is Gower's intention, then, to restore Genius to Alan de Lille's initial conception, by making him subservient to a good Venus who is once more in touch with reason and nature. The resulting synthesis gives a greater understanding of the overall unity of the CA: "In this sense, his dual role as Christian priest and priest of Venus, as she is defined by Gower, does not create a problem, for Genius is the moral agent that bridges the worlds of true religion and the religion of love" (209). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Economou, George D Published Economou, George D. "The Character Genius in Alan de Lille, Jean de Meun, and John Gower." Chaucer Review 4.3 (1970), pp. 203-210. ISSN 0009-2002 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Character Genius in Alan de Lille, Jean de Meun, and John Gower Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Penn State University Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Byrd explains the proverb in CA 3.585: "But Oule on Stock [perch or branch] and Stock on Oule." Similar language from "The Owl and the Nightingale" shows that the proverb means that the owl defiles her nest and is then defiled as she sits on the nest. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Byrd, David G Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Published Byrd, David G. "Gower's Confessio Amantis, III, 585." Explicator 29.1 (1970), Item 2. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource Gower's Confessio Amantis, III, 585 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Wimsatt classifies works of Middle English literature as examples of either personification allegory on the one hand or mirror (encyclopedic compilations) on the other, comparing them with classical and medieval Continental models and characterizing them by their unity, comprehensiveness, and/or didactic functions. He discusses works by Chaucer, Langland, Jean de Meun, Boethius, Vincent of Beauvais, Peraldus, and many others, including Gower. Ostensibly structured as a summa of sin, Gower's CA resists (or fails), according to Wimsatt, its primary principle of organization: it neither follows the systematic arrangement of, for example, the "Ancrene Riwle" or Robert Mannyng's "Handlyng Synne," nor is it as thorough or inclusive in its treatment of the sins and their subsets. The treatment of gluttony in Book 6, which Wimsatt offers as an example, discusses only two species of the sin and then digresses into tales about witchcraft, albeit "interesting" ones. In short, the "stories themselves are the chief merit" of CA (158), rather than its organization or unity. MO, on the other hand, is more successfully thorough and consistent as a mirror of society: "about 8,000 of 31,000 lines are devoted to a systematic condemnation of the estates," and most of "the remainder of the poem is taken up with descriptions of the Seven Deadly Sins with their offspring and of seven offsetting virtues and their progeny" (165). Wimsatt summarizes the "analysis of the decadence of monks" (166) in MO (20833-21180) to illustrate Gower's technique with estates satire, and mentions that VC is also structured as a "series of complaints presented against the Three Estates" (167). [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Wimsatt, James I Published Wimsatt, James I. "Allegory and Mirror: Tradition and Structure in Middle English Literature." New York: Pegasus, 1970 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Allegory and Mirror: Tradition and Structure in Middle English Literature Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pegasus, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Beginning with the relations (and differences) between chronological time and verb tense, Bauer's "tudien" categorizes the general deployment of the latter in the works of Chaucer and Gower. The approach is thoroughly structural (rather than even generative) and focuses on fundamental oppositions: the present tense as opposed to the preterit and both as opposed to the perfect. For Gower, Bauer draws on the CA--which is as much to say as he does not comparatively analyze the poet's Latin and French syntax. The Chaucer examples largely come from the CT, TC, "Legend of Good Women," and "Book of the Duchess." Bauer's focus is very localized--generally at the clause level, rarely at the sentence level, and never at the level of an utterance or narrative. While "Studien" make occasional nods to English syntactic history, Chaucer's and Gower's usages are very much treated in isolation, with no claims for larger significances in English language history or syntactic study. In this way, Bauer demonstrates the flexibility of tense usage by Chaucer and Gower, both of whom are fond of the "historical present." He equally shows the syntactic (and hence semantic) significance of a variety of common conjunctions: "er," "whilom," "since," "tofore," etc. As a structuralist, Bauer sees tense usage above all as expressing a point of reference: when, temporally, can one action be situated in relation to another? If an action is narrated in the preterit, then, a prior action will occur in the perfect. In this, of course, Chaucer's and Gower's language--Middle English in general--is much the same as Present Day English, with the very significant exception that usage studies of the latter are more capacious in the kinds of data they use. The point-of-reference distinctions may hold with English creoles or non-standard varieties, for example, but the lexis and syntax used to express them differs considerably from those of Standard English. [TWM. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bauer, Gero. Published Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1970. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Studien zum System und Gebrauch der "Tempora" in der Sprache Chaucers und Gowers. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A close, readable English prose translation of the entire poem. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Wilson, William B. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Published Wilson, William B. A Translation of John Gower's Mirour de l'Omme. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Miami, 1970. Dissertation Abstracts International A31.04. Restricted access to full text at Proquest Theses and Dissertations. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Title A name given to the resource A Translation of John Gower's Mirour de l'Omme. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Refers to Gower's use of "Al is bot a chirie feire" (CA, Prologue, 454-55) as an expression describing an illusory good. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Gordon, Ida L. Published Gordon, Ida L. The Double Sorrow of Troilus: A Study of Ambiguities in Troilus and Criseyde. Oxford; Clarendon Press, 1970, p. 54. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Double Sorrow of Troilus: A Study of Ambiguities in Troilus and Criseyde. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The tales of the CA "purport to be exempla." [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Woolf, Rosemary. Bolton, W. F., ed. Published Woolf, Rosemary. "Later Poetry: The Popular Tradition." W. F. Bolton, ed. The Middle Ages. Sphere History of Literature in the English Language, vol. 1. London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1970, p. 265. Gower Subject Confesio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Later Poetry: The Popular Tradition. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Like Chaucer and Froissart, Gower is a member of an English courtly tradition fostered by Richard II. The CA was written in an "unobtrusive" style, with much careful artistry and "genuine polish." Brief analysis of several short passages from the CA. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Gray, Douglas. Bolton, W. F., ed. Published Gray, Douglas. "Later Poetry: The Courtly Tradition." W. F. Bolton, ed. The Middle Ages. Sphere History of Literature in the English Language, vol. 1. London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1970, p. 312, 316-20. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Later Poetry: The Courtly Tradition. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues that Alanus de Insulis's figure of Genius in "De Planctu" is the source for the figure in the "Roman de la Rose," "Confessio Amantis," and "Faerie Queene," and that the development of Genius is intimately related to the development of the figure of Natura. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Brumble, Herbert David, III. Published Brumble, Herbert David, III. Genius and Other Related Allegorical Figures in the "De Planctu Naturae," the "Roman de la Rose," the "Confessio Amantis," and the "Faerie Queene." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Nebraska, 1970. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Genius and Other Related Allegorical Figures in the "De Planctu Naturae," the "Roman de la Rose," the "Confessio Amantis," and the "Faerie Queene." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexamined. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Speed, D. F. Published Speed, D. F. Gower's Narrative Technique as Revealed by His Adaptations of Source Material in the Tales of "Confessio Amantis." Ph. D. Dissertation. University of London, 1970. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's Narrative Technique as Revealed by His Adaptations of Source Material in the Tales of "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses and categorizes characters according to "personation or figuration. Through personation a conceptual value is embodied in a personage. The most familiar form of this mode is personification, which Gower makes elaborate use of in" MO. "His delineation, however, of such personages as Genius and Amans in" CA "reveals quite clearly that personation is not always a matter of simple personification. Figuration begins with a particular person, whether historical or legendary. Through this mode, some kind of conceptual value becomes associated, even identified, with the personage. The rebels in the" VC "not only do monstrous deeds; they are monsters." [RFY1982; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Cowling, Samuel Taggart, III. Published Cowling, Samuel Taggart, III. The Personages in the Major Narrative Works of John Gower. Ph.D. Dissertation. Michigan State University, 1970. Freely accessible at https://d.lib.msu.edu/etd/39752; accessed October 6, 2022 Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Backgrounds and General Criticism Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Personages in the Major Narrative Works of John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Bolton, W. F., ed. Published Bolton, W. F., ed. The Middle Ages. Sphere History of Literature in the English Language, vol. 1. London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1970. pp. ix-xxxvi. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Review A general introduction to literature in England during the Middle Ages, in which Gower's name appears as a contemporary, friend, and competitor with Chaucer, Langland, etc. Points out that Gower puts himself in his poetry as a character, that he includes his name in certain poems (unspecified) in the cryptic pattern of Cynewulf. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Middle Ages. Sphere History of Literature in the English Language, vol. 1. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's frame story and his handling of narrative material in the CA compared with Chaucer's in "The Canterbury Tales," with favor given to Chaucer. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Pearsall, Derek. Published Pearsall, Derek. "The Canterbury Tales." In W. F. Bolton, ed. The Middle Ages (London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1970), pp. 166, 178 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Canterbury Tales Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower places himself as character in the CA, to ironic effect; would have disagreed with Troilus' views of the world in "Troilus and Criseyde" IV, 953ff. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Brewer, D. S. Published Brewer, D. S. "Troilus and Criseyde." In W. F. Bolton, ed. The Middle Ages (London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1970), pp. 199, 233 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Troilus and Criseyde. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues that Amans of CA is related to Chaucer the Pilgrim; considers Gower to be a possible corrector (of a moral sort) to "Troilus and Criseyde." Author/Editor Author/Editor Donaldson, E. Talbot. Published Donaldson, E. Talbot. Speaking of Chaucer. New York: Norton, 1970, pp.9-10, 100. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Speaking of Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Links Gower with Langland and the author of "Wynnere and Wastoure" as socially-minded poets, concerned about moral decline at the end of the fourteenth century. In Japanese; original publication includes English abstract [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Oiji, Takero. Published Oiji, Takero. "Deploring and Praying: John Gower in the Prologus in the 'Confessio Amantis'." Bunka 36 (1970): 1012. Reprinted as Chapter 1 in "14 Seiki no Eibungaku" [English in the Fourteenth Century]. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1976. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deploring and Praying: John Gower in the Prologus in the "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Along with Greek analogues, Shakespeare used Gower's tale of "Apollonius of Tyre" as a major source for "Pericles."[RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gesner, Carol. Published Gesner, Carol. Shakespeare and the Greek Romances: A Study of Origins. Lexington: University Of Kentucky Press, 1970, p. 88. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shakespeare and the Greek Romances: A Study of Origins. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower is more politically concerned than Chaucer, at least judging from the evidence in the poems; Chaucer more capable than Gower of imaginative flights, but Gower the steadier craftsman. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hussey, S. S. Published Hussey, S. S. " The Minor Poems and the Prose." In W.F. Bolton, ed. The Middle Ages. Sphere History of Literature in the English Language, vol. 1 (London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1970), pp. 230, 258, 259. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Minor Poems and the Prose. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Smyser sets out to determine whether Chaucer's interest in astronomy is characteristic "of fourteenth-century attitudes" or "primarily an individual interest and aptitude" (360). In general Smyser notes, nobody before Chaucer was interested in astronomy, but rather only in astrology. He takes Gower as a case-in-point, arguing that "Gower is in no sense an astronomer but only a compiler of astronomical-astrological data" because he fails "to grasp the concept of the zodiac" (361-63). [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society eJGN 41.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Smyser, Hamilton M. Published Smyser, Hamilton M. "A View of Chaucer's Astronomy." Speculum 45 (1970): 359-73. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A View of Chaucer's Astronomy. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Fundamentally a character study of the narrator in the final stanzas of Chaucer's "Troilus and Criseyde," Markland's essay digresses briefly (pp. 155-57) to address the friendship between Gower and Chaucer and comment on several literary passages that pertain to it. [Because they push against general critical opinion, I quote the comments at length.] Concerning Chaucer's dedication of TC to Gower, Markland suggests that the reference to "O moral Gower," "exclaimed by the uncommonly moral narrator, has an ironic ring and might well have been the start of a jesting exchange rather than the sincere admiration of Gower's moral measure that it has usually been taken to be. It is the sort of phrase that would come from the tongue of a man with the conventional morality, the unthinking sententious morality of the narrator. To that jibe Gower might have retorted, when he had the opportunity five years later [in Venus's greeting to Chaucer in Confessio Amantis VIII, *2940-59] by charging Chaucer with lightness. Chaucer's rejoinder in the prologue to the Man of Law's Tale, if it is a rejoinder, is sharper criticism, perhaps sharp enough to offend even in bantering exchange" (156). Through Venus's comments in the first recension of CA, Markland tells us, "Gower seems to urge Chaucer to admit, as he himself has admitted, that the service of love is no longer suitable to him." A bit further on, Markland concludes his digression: "Such a reading might also help us with our identification of the 'philosophical Strode.' It will not tell us who he was; but, by suggesting what he was, it may well relieve us of the urgency to find an important and truly philosophical Strode. He may have been philosophical only in pretension or he may have been one who cultivated a humor. That is what the exclamation 'O moral Gower' on the lips of the narrator implies about Gower's morality" (156). [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Markland, Murray F. Published Markland, Murray F. "'Troilus and Criseyde': The Inviolability of the Ending." Modern Language Quarterly 31.2 (1970): 147-59. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Troilus and Criseyde": The Inviolability of the Ending. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "This study . . . [seeks to] demonstrate the importance of an understanding of the moral connotations of madness--specifically the connection between madness and sin--for the interpretation of many medieval works; to provide an introduction to concepts of disease and madness prevalent in the Middle Ages; to define three conventions of madness [the Mad Sinner, the Unholy Wild Man, the Holy Wild Man]; and to offer new perspectives on some important works which include mad or wild men." Chapter 3 treats Nebuchadnezzar as the "prototype of literary medieval madness" and includes discussion of him in Gower's "Confessio Amantis." [eJGN 44.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Doob, Penelope Billings Reed. Published Doob, Penelope Billings Reed. "Ego Nabugodonosor: A Study of Conventions of Madness in Middle English Literature." Ph.D. Dissertation. Stanford University, 1970. Dissertation Abstracts International 31.04 (1970): 1755A. Full text accessible via ProQuest Theses & Dissertations Global. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ego Nabugodonosor: A Study of Conventions of Madness in Middle English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Harder explores "Gower's treatment of the tales he took from Ovid . . . [to reveal] how Gower used his source in establishing the sentence of his tales." Treats Gower's Ovidian tales in the 'Confessio Amantis' sequentially, arguing that Gower "generally used" the ones "easily adaptable to his purpose . . . . But he made changes wherever necessary to establish his moral," recurrently "reduc[ing] the number of characters and events . . . us[ing] editorial narration to stress doctrine . . . and respond[ing] to certain elements of Ovid in a predictable pattern." Gower "is a capable story-teller." [eJGN 44.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Harder, Henry Louis. Published Harder, Henry Louis. "Ovid and the Sentence of the 'Confessio Amantis.'" Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Maryland, 1970. Dissertation Abstracts International 31.11 (1971): 6057A. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ovid and the Sentence of the "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Mieszkowski surveys allusions to Criseyde in Latin, French, Italian, and English literature from Benoit to Henryson in order to demonstrate that long before Shakespeare, indeed from her very first appearance in medieval literature, Criseyde was used as an example of fickleness and inconstancy. Shakespeare's portrayal, therefore, can be traced to Criseyde's traditional representation, and is not due merely to a 16th-century misreading of Henryson as several influential scholars have proposed. Such a view of Criseyde, moreover, was already well known to Chaucer's audience, Mieszkowski claims, and would have helped shape their reaction to Chaucer's T&C. Gower provides important evidence for her thesis. His reference to Troilus and Criseyde in MO 5253-55, which makes no comment on either character, demonstrates that the story was already well-known before the appearance of Chaucer's poem. (His allusion to a "geste" suggests that there was a contemporary song about the characters, which Boccaccio also refers to in the Decameron.) The reference in VC 6.1325-28, also antedating Chaucer, demonstrates Criseyde's reputation was already fixed. There is no perceptible difference in Gower's view of Criseyde in the five references in CA, which postdates T&C. That in 5.7597-7602 is preceded by a reference to Achilles' love for Polixena, which is also described by both Benoit and Guido, and thus "illustrates how automatically Chaucer's contemporaries associated his version with the traditional Criseyde stories" (p. 101). The allusion to Troilus and Diomedes in CB 20.19-24 is also linked to earlier Troy material. In content it is consistent with all of Gower's other references, and is not datable on the basis of this allusion simply because Gower's view of Criseyde was evidently not altered by his reading of Chaucer's poem. The scope of her argument does not allow Mieszkowski to consider more of the implications of her conclusions with reference to Gower. It is a pleasure, for instance, to discover that Gower's references to Troilus and Criseyde in CA are something other than merely trivializations or misreadings of T&C, as has often been claimed. On the other hand, she does not address some of the problems that MO and VC have posed for others. Gower's spelling of Criseyde's name with a "C" rather than a "B" (as it appears in both Benoit and Guido) has suggested to some that the references in MO and VC are also based on Chaucer (but cf. Fisher, 1964:234), raising serious problems in the chronology of these works. Mieszkowski has no comment on the controversy or on how Gower might have gotten the spelling. Her evidence for the dating of MO (from Kittredge, 1909) is also a bit out of date. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 8.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Mieszkowski, Gretchen Published Mieszkowski, Gretchen. "The Reputation of Criseyde 1155-1500." Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences Transactions 43 (1971), pp. 71-153. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Vox Clamantis Cinkante Balades Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Reputation of Criseyde 1155-1500 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Scholars have been "universally puzzled by the half-line 'for though he striue' in the speech of Gower which opens the second act of Pericles" (91). Warren suggests that "for though" equates to Middle English "forthi" (accordingly, therefore)and fits with the archaic language of Gower's speech in the passage as a whole. After providing a catalogue of similar old-fashioned expressions, Warren ends by stating three remaining problems. These are the fact that the text reads "for though" rather than "for thy"; the irregular meter produced by the intrusion of "though" into the line; and the odd form of "strive," which has in at least one edition been emended to "strives." Warren claims that the form "strive" could be a form of the preterite for both Gower and Shakespeare, and thus cautions against emending the line, suggesting instead that all that is called for is the kind of careful explication that he has provided. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Warren, Michael J Published Warren, Michael J. "A Note on Pericles, Act II, Chorus 17-20." Shakespeare Quarterly 22.1 (1971), pp. 90-92. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Note on Pericles, Act II, Chorus 17-20 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Gilroy-Scott, Neil W Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Influence and Later Allusion Review In the two centuries after Gower's death, the poet's name is mentioned respectfully alongside that of Chaucer. However, Gower had not nearly the same popular appeal. There are three main reasons for this difference: Gower wrote two extended works in French and in Latin; he concerned himself greatly with the welfare of his country in his works; and he distributed copies of his works primarily to eminent men in church and state, thereby limiting their general dissemination. Initial references to Gower are brief, and most are influenced by Chaucer's allusion to "moral Gower" at the end of Troilus and Criseyde. From there Gilroy-Scott traces Gower's influence through the Scottish Chaucerians, Caxton, Skelton, Berthelet, Puttenham, Sir Philip Sidney, Robert Greene (at some length), and Shakespeare (in Pericles). Gower is generally praised for his morality (although some severe voices object to the lust of Venus) and commended for his compendious knowledge. Nevertheless, with the passage of time his rhymes are increasingly seen as "quaint" and by the time of Shakespeare he has become "an antique figure endowed with a measure of rustic wisdom" (47). Lacking popular appeal, Gower was eventually assigned to "the preserve of the scholar and antiquarian" (47). Based on the author's 1968 M.A. thesis, Birmingham University, "The Reputation of John Gower from 1400 to 1609." [CvD; rev. MA] Published Gilroy-Scott, Neil W. "John Gower's Reputation: Literary Allusions from the Early Fifteenth Century to the Time of 'Pericles'." Yearbook of English Studies 1 (1971), pp. 30-47. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource John Gower's Reputation: Literary Allusions from the Early Fifteenth Century to the Time of 'Pericles'. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In examining political verse of the fifteenth century, Scattergood gives occasional attention to Gower. He provides a brief overview of Gower's work (19) and refers sporadically to Gower's views on such topics as Henry IV's accession to the throne, the need for peace among European rulers, the papal schism, and the possibility of a new crusade against the infidel. Scattergood's main focus is on "In Praise of Peace." [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Scattergood, V. J Published Scattergood, V. J. "Politics and Poetry in the Fifteenth Century." London: Blandford, 1971 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism In Praise of Peace Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Politics and Poetry in the Fifteenth Century Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Blandford, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Burrow's study of the hallmarks of Ricardian poetry makes frequent reference to Gower. Such typical features as "pointing," personification, a predilection for narrative, the exemplary mode, and the enclosure of poetic material in a framed story -- these are all amply illustrated by examples from Gower. For example, Gower shows "felicity, wit, and even profundity" (83) in his application of morals to his stories. What generally sets Gower apart is his style, which Burrow, in the tradition of Warton, Macaulay, and Lewis, calls "Augustan." In other words, at his best Gower writes in a plain style that is "free from constraint or stiffness, smooth and without a trace of effort" (29). Yet Gower's fastidiousness and desire for correctness also meant that his style frequently became "threadbare" (31), and thus Burrows concludes, "It is as if the English language was not yet rich enough to support the sacrifices which an exclusive doctrine of correctness demands" (31-32). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Burrow, J. A Published Burrow, J. A. "Ricardian Poetry: Chaucer, Gower, Langland and the Gawain Poet." London: Routledge, 1971 Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ricardian Poetry: Chaucer, Gower, Langland and the Gawain Poet Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Routledge, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In Japanese. This article presents a prosodic analysis of the rhyme-royal stanzas contained in the "Supplication of Amans" in CA 8.2217-2300 and "In Praise of Peace," with frequent comparison to Chaucer's use of the same stanza form in "Parliament of Fowls," "Troilus and Criseyde," and four tales in the "Canterbury Tales." According to Ito, Gower's rhyme royal is markedly different from Chaucer's in the following respects. First, whereas rhyme royal in Chaucer's poems is freed from the formal constraints of the French ballade to such an extent that it is transformed into a flexible vehicle for verse narrative, Gower's rhyme royal retains close resemblance to the ballade form due to its tendency to form a "tern," or a ballade-like set of three stanzas. Second, unlike Chaucer, who makes effective use of run-on lines and run-on stanzas to create a sense of onward movement, Gower treats the rhyme-royal stanza as a self-contained unit whose integrity is marked by a strong break at its end. Third, while the Chaucerian stanza often conveys a strong sense of a couplet through the end-stopped fifth line, Gower prefers a pause before the seventh line, thus making it resemble the final line of the ballade stanza that functions as a refrain. On the basis of these observations, Ito refutes the widely held assumption about Chaucer's influence on Gower's prosody, arguing instead that Gower's skillful use of rhyme royal in his English poems stems from his own experiments in French balladry in CB and "Traitié." [Yoshiko Kobayashi; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi Published Ito, Masayoshi. "Gower and Rime Royal." Bulletin of College of General Education, Tohoku University 12 (1971), pp. 47-65 [ISSN 0287-8844]. English version available in Ito's John Gower, The Medieval Poet (Tokyo: Shinozaki Shorin, 1976), pp. 101-18. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Cinkante Balades In Praise of Peace Traitié pour Essampler les Amants Marietz Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower and Rime Royal Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Briefly mentions Gower as a speaker and writer of French in London in the latter half of the fourteenth century, and as an importer of new words from French and Latin into English. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Baugh, Albert C. Published Baugh, Albert C. A History of the English Language. 2nd ed., rev. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971. pp. 171-3, 270. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A History of the English Language. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexamined. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Kanno, Masahiko. Published Kanno, Masahiko. "On the Vocabulary of John Gower." Studies in Foreign Language (Aichi University of Education) 9 (1971): 117-24. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On the Vocabulary of John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses Gower's uses of final "-e" for metrical purposes; argues that Gower's verse is less like speech than is Chaucer's since it is not rhythmic like Chaucer's, and hence, sounds less confident in English and flat in tone. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Robinson, Ian. Published Robinson, Ian. Chaucer's Prosody: A Study of the Middle English Verse Tradition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971, pp. 88, 96, 97, 136, 137-38, 141, 172, 180-85. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Prosody: A Study of the Middle English Verse Tradition. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Attempts to prove that the idea of the world growing old is a significant medieval way of assessing reality, not simply a "literary commonplace." Study analyzes "De Contemptu Mundi," CA, and Chaucer's "Clerk's Tale." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Dean, James Published Dean, James. "The World Grown Old: The Significance of a Medieval Idea." Ph.D. Dissertation. Johns Hopkins University, 1971. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The World Grown Old: The Significance of a Medieval Idea. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Chaucer is more tolerant of the Peasants' Revolt than is Gower; Gower's trilinguality is evidence of the knowledge of educated men; Gower's and Chaucer's versions of the story of Cleopatra story are similar--in both she dies by jumping into a snake pit; Gower sees Fortune as an excuse for man's weaknesses; general discussion of Gower's and Chaucer's friendship and literary relationships; comparisons of Gower's and Chaucer's ideas of "fine amour"; brief comparison of Gower's and Chaucer's versions of "Florent" (and "Wife of Bath's Tale"), "Medea," "Lucrece," and "Virginia." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hussey, S. S. Published Hussey, S. S. Chaucer: An Introduction. London: Methuen, 1971, pp. 6, 13, 52, 92, 103, 115, 183, 196-210, 216-19 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer: An Introduction. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The formal principle of the VC is contrast, or contraries, of which four are examined: peasantry and nobility, natural order and its reverse, past and present, and heaven and hell. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi. Published Ito, Masayoshi. "A Midsummer Nightmare--An Interpretation of Book One of 'Vox Clamantis'." Shiron 12 (1971): 1-16. Reprinted, with slight revision, in "John Gower, The Medieval Poet" (Tokyo: Shinozaki Shorin, 1976), pp. 121-38. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Midsummer Nightmare--An Interpretation of Book One of "Vox Clamantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "A major theme of the poem and an essential notion in Gower's philosophy is that everything has an opposite into which it may be transformed. The concepts of transformation and opposition borrowed from the Platonic tradition found in the 'Timaeus' and echoed in the poets associated with the School of Chartres can be traced in many of the tales and the frame as well . . . . The 'Confessio Amantis' is a jeremiad." Courtly love and Christian morality are polar opposites. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Phelan, Walter Stephen. Published Phelan, Walter Stephen. "The Conflict of Courtly Love and Christian Morality in John Gower's 'Confessio Amantis'." Ph.D. Dissertation. Ohio State University, 1971. Open access at http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1225921019 (accessed January 22, 2023). Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Conflict of Courtly Love and Christian Morality in John Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses how animals were used in association with sins in MO; discussion of cats, horses, the expression "blind Bayard"; links Aristotle being ridden with the "Tale of Rosiphelee" in CA.[RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Rowland, Beryl. Published Rowland, Beryl. Blind Beasts: Chaucer's Animal World. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1971, pp. 19, 68, 118, 128, 131. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Blind Beasts: Chaucer's Animal World. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A comparison of events and characters appearing in both works, with an attempt to isolate individual styles. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Weber, Edwart. Published Weber, Edwart. John Gowers "Chronica Tripertita" und William Shakespeares "Richard II." Bad Homburg: Weber, 1971. Gower Subject Cronica Tripertita Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gowers "Chronica Tripertita" und William Shakespeares "Richard II." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's "Tale of Apollonius of Tyre" had some direct influence on Shakespeare's "Pericles." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gearin-Tosh, M. Published Gearin-Tosh, M. "'Pericles': The Death of Antiochus." Notes and Queries, New Series 18 (1971): 145-50. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Pericles": The Death of Antiochus. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Delasanta finds many "errors about things literary" (292) in the Man of Law's Prologue and Tale, errors and emphases voiced by Chaucer's fictional lawyer in ways that undercut the character ironically. Among these, Delasanta cites "the famous denigration of Gower" that has been found in the Man of Law's references to incest in the tales of Canace and of Apollonius, often treated as Chaucer's jibes against Gower who tells both of these tales in the "Confessio Amantis." However, quoting from Gower's account of Antiochus's assault on his daughter in CA, Book 8, 288-300, Delasanta finds a "tone of prudish petulance" (292) in the Man of Law's horrified summary and identifies details that reflect his (not Chaucer's) "misremembering" of both of Gower's tales (293). This and a number of other incorrect or inappropriate uses of texts, Delasanta tells us, characterize the Man of Law as a "kind of ersatz Christian man: the housetop shouter, the sober brow who blesses and approves with a text, the Pharisee who thanks God that he is not as other men, the whited sepulchre" (309-10).] [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society eJGN 41.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Delasanta, Rodney. Published Delasanta, Rodney. "'And of Great Reverence': Chaucer's Man of Law." Chaucer Review 5, no. 4 (1971): 288-310. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "And of Great Reverence": Chaucer's Man of Law. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In this essay, Beatrice White surveys medieval depictions of the third estate, ranging widely among works by French, German, and English writers, but focusing on Langland, Chaucer, and Gower as the "outstanding English poets of the fourteenth century." She comments on works by some of their near-contemporaries as well, "the rank and file of versifiers" (69), and concludes, rather sweepingly, that "medieval poets, as might be expected, were often prejudiced and unreliable witnesses to the hard lot of the peasant, tending to present him as humble saint, surly, embittered serf, carousing bumpkin, patient toiler, or menacing figure of evil" (73). Stereotyping abounds, White shows, especially in the recurrent association of labor with poverty and, in her conclusion, she contrasts the poets' views with those of chroniclers, to the disadvantage of the former. Gower, in particular, for White, is a "theoretical liberal and practical conservative . . . moralist and landowner [who] looked at the peasant with distrust and suspicion, if not positive dislike" (65). She cites passages from the "Mirour de l'Omme" as predecessors to the "brutal and raging" peasants of "Vox Clamantis," while in "Confessio Amantis" there is "no room for them at all" (66-67). White concedes that Gower--like Chaucer and Langland--"resorted to" a "commonplace concerning equality" (67) but offers no citation. [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor White, Beatrice. Published White, Beatrice. "Poet and Peasant." In F. R. H. Du Boulay and Caroline M. Barron, eds., The Reign of Richard II: Essays in Honour of May McKisack. (London: Athlone, 1971). Pp. 58-74. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Poet and Peasant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Citing previous studies by W. C. Curry, R. E. Kaske, and T. J. Garbáty, Wood connects the Summoner's skin disease and fondness for garlic, onions, and leeks with Numbers 11: 5 (240), but suggests that perhaps Chaucer borrowed not directly from the Vulgate, but instead from Gower ("Vox Clamantis" III. 85-90), and/or Gower's own source, Peter Riga, "Aurora," Numeri 215-22 (241-42). "We may also note," he concludes, "Chaucer departs from Gower's method by changing an abstract 'exemplum' . . . into a more rounded literary figure, thus almost completely Gower's procedure, which was to concentrate on the spiritual implications of his images rather than on the surface details of the images themselves" (243). [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Wood, Chauncey. Published Wood, Chauncey. "The Sources of Chaucer's Summoner's 'Garleek, Onyons, and eek Lekes'." Chaucer Review 5.3 (1971): 240-44. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Sources of Chaucer's Summoner's "Garleek, Onyons, and eek Lekes." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Means, Michael. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Review Treats CA example of a "consolatio" that combines features of the "purer" form of Boethius's "Consolation of Philosophy" and the "fragmented" form found in the "Roman de la Rose." Focuses on the characterization of Genius and the "digressions" in CA. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Published Means, Michael. The "Consolatio" Genre in Medieval English Literature. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1972, pp. 59-65. Revised lightly from the author's Ph.D. Dissertation of similar title: The "Consolatio" Genre in Middle English Literature University of Florida, Gainesville, 1963. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 1963 Title A name given to the resource The "Consolatio" Genre in Medieval English Literature. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Harbert, Bruce Published Harbert, Bruce. "The Myth of Tereus in Ovid and Gower." Medium AEvum 41 (1972), pp. 208-214. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Review In the Tale of "Tereus, Procne, and Philomela," Gower "reshapes Ovid's material to his own ends, altering his depiction of character, and the setting and pace of the narrative" (208). He removes most of the horrific elements, as well as the "almost superhuman grandeur of his characters" (208), and stresses instead elements that his own audience could relate to. Some examples include the change from Philomela's cave to a prison, Procne's modern mourning customs, and the detailed picture of domestic affairs that illustrates "the idea of happy married love against which Tereus offends" (209). By making the story less exotic, Gower is able to draw our attention "towards the underlying moral and psychological realities which are his chief concern" (209). Gower's characterization is therefore also different. Procne becomes "a thoughtful, intelligent woman, not one to waste words, not malicious, but nonetheless firm of purpose" (210). Where Procne is practical, Philomela is philosophical. Philomela is also a weaker character than in Ovid and Gower intensifies the pathos of her rape. While the sisters have committed infanticide, "the greater fault is that of Tereus, whose violence began the evil succession of events" (212). Tereus is not a villain from the beginning (as in Ovid), but he eventually becomes a bestial tyrant, lacking in reason. Gower dwells on the metamorphoses of all three characters to sum up his earlier depiction of their inner thoughts and motivations: "Where Ovid had seen only superficial resemblances between the human characters and the birds into which they are transformed, Gower continues to look more deeply into their minds" (213). [CvD] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Myth of Tereus in Ovid and Gower Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Mainzer argues for Gower's usage of medieval texts of Ovid's Metamorphoses, Fasti, Heroides, and Ibis for many of the exempla in the CA. Much of the body of Mainzer's essay consists of a series of close comparisons between Gower's Ovidian tales and their equivalents in Ovid's Metamorphoses and various versions of the Ovide Moralisé. By means of verbal parallels and shared narrative details a picture emerges of extensive borrowing from the medieval adaptations of Ovid. In addition, Gower appears to get the names of Eolen (Hercules' love interest) and Arrons (Tarquin's son) from some thirteenth-century glossed manuscripts of the Fasti. Similarly, Gower's telling of the story of "Demophon and Phyllis" was likely influenced by medieval commentaries on the Heroides, even though he could have borrowed the same details from Boccaccio's Genealogia Deorum. Lastly, Gower's knowledge of a glossed version of the Ibis may be established by his substitution of Dionysius in the place of Diomedes as the tyrant condemned in Book 7 for feeding human flesh to his horses. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Mainzer, Conrad Published Mainzer, Conrad. "John Gower's Use of the "Mediaeval Ovid" in Confessio Amantis." Medium Ævum 41 (1972), pp. 215-222. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower's Use of the "Mediaeval Ovid" in Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Schueler, Donald G Published Schueler, Donald G. "Gower's Characterization of Genius in the Confessio Amantis." Modern Language Quarterly 33 (1972), pp. 240-256. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Review Schueler argues that a proper understanding of the CA (including its literary merit) depends upon the allegorical function of Genius. Whereas many critics see Genius as hopelessly stuck between Christian morality and courtly love, Schueler suggests that he is not the spokesman for courtly love to begin with. The apparent contradiction between God and love is resolved once we recognize that Genius stands for natural procreation and works for a Venus who in turn serves Nature, the "handmaiden of God" (245). In the tradition Gower inherits from Jean de Meun and Alain of Lille, Genius interprets love from the perspective of Christian morality. This also explains the various apparent digressions in the CA: "the priest's most compelling purpose ... is to draw these parallels between the laws governing human passion and those governing other aspects of moral behavior" (248). Genius does not contradict himself, but "contradicts a set of scholarly preconceptions about what allegorical love poetry should be" (248). [CvD] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's Characterization of Genius in the Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Ito argues that Gower constructs the CrT as an exemplum with a specific moral: omnia vincit amor (love conquers all). Gower borrows this maxim from Cassiodorus, and it not only occurs in the preface to the CrT, but also in all Gower's major texts. Ito traces the history of the phrase and suggests that Gower uses "amor" to mean both heavenly love and kingly pity. Ito further suggests that Gower may have been influenced by Cassiodorus' "Historia Ecclesiastica Tripartita," not only because of its title, but also because of its depiction of Constantine, who for Gower was also a model of kingly pity. As an exemplum on "amor," then, the CrT has an "architectonic beauty" (12), for it treats (in order) justice, cruelty, and pity. Ito concludes with a discussion of additional rhetorical devices Gower employs. [CvD; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi Published Ito, Masayoshi. "Omnia Vincit Amor: An Interpretation of Gower's Cronica Tripertita." Studies in English Literature 49 (1972), pp. 3-15 [ISSN 0039-3649]. Reprinted in Ito's John Gower, The Medieval Poet (Tokyo: Shinozaki Shorin, 1976), pp. 181-95. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Cronica Tripertita Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Omnia Vincit Amor: An Interpretation of Gower's Cronica Tripertita Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Selective and briefly annotated; covers some dissertations and reviews. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Pickford, T. E. Published Pickford, T. E. A Bibliography of John Gower, 1925-72. Parergon 3 (1972): 27-36. Gower Subject Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Bibliography of John Gower, 1925-72. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Chaucer uses Gower as well as Trivet as a source for his "Man of Law's Tale," which is more artful than the others. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Culver, T. D. Published Culver, T. D. "The Imposition of Order: A Measure of Art in the Man of Law's Tale." Yearbook of English Studies 2 (1972): 13-20. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Influence and Later Allsion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Imposition of Order: A Measure of Art in the "Man of Law's Tale." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues contra Fisher ("John Gower, Moral Philosopher and Friend of Chaucer," 1964) that no thematic continuity exists among MO, VC, and CA; Gower's artistry as tale-teller, as adapter of Ovid, also treated; brief, appended chapter on Gower's reading. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Badendyck, J. Lawrence. Published Badenyck, J. Lawrence. "The Achievement of John Gower: A Reading of the 'Confessio Amantis'." Ph.D. Dissertation. City University of New York, 1972. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Achievement of John Gower: A Reading of the "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Attempts to show that a topos exists of author using the role of priest or pupil in transforming a secular love poem into a religious poem. Examines works of Ovid, Andreas Capellanus, Guillaume de Lorris, Jean de Meun, John Gower, and Chaucer. These form a tradition, with Chaucer's use of the topos being the most complex. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bargreen, Melinda L. Published Bargreen, Melinda L. "The Author of His Work: The Priest/Pupil Narrative Topos." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of California, Irvine, 1972. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Author of His Work: The Priest/Pupil Narrative Topos. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses tales of Gower's which appear also in Chaucer's "Legend of Good Women": Ariadne, Lucrece, Philomela, Phyllis, and Thisbe; CA tales as exempla; use of vision form. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Frank, Robert W., Jr. Published Frank, Robert W., Jr. Chaucer and the Legend of Good Women. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972, pp. 5, 15, 17, 40n, 48n, 98n, 102n, 113, 118, 134, 135-37, 138n,140, 142n, 144, 147, 172, 185. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and the Legend of Good Women. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Analyzes and groups the stories in CA according to their presentations of nature (kynde). Considers Gower's attitude toward nature, reason, natural law, and positive law, and attempts assessment of Gower's use of St. Thomas Aquinas. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Klauser, Henrietta Anne. Published Klauser, Henrietta Anne. "The Concept of 'kynde' in John Gower's 'Confessio Amantis'." Ph.D. Dissertation. Fordham University, 1972. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Soirces, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Concept of "kynde" in John Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's trilinguality proves Chaucer could have written in other languages. Gower shows self-consciousness of poet's art; Deschamps is a model for CB; Gower is a purveyor of classical learning greater than Chaucer; like Chaucer, he helped to establish the idea of a poet for England, and for all time. Both followed as examples for Lydgate, Hoccleve, Dunbar, and others. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kean, P. M. Published Kean, P. M. Chaucer and the Making of English Poetry. 2 vols. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972, pp. 1, 24, 38, 72, 74, 179, 184, 196-97, 198, 212, 213, 215, 218, 219-21, 241, 248, 256, 257, 260. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Influence and Later Allusion Cinkante Balades Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and the Making of English Poetry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Robinson, Ian. Published Robinson, Ian. Chaucer and the English Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972, pp. 189n, 249, 286. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Review MO is encyclopedic only because it contains many facts, not because it is ordered to give useful information; Gower is "not much of a poet." [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and the English Tradition. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's approaches to structure are not faulty; apparent digressions are actually sound within the concept of right reason and the need for right judgment using reason; considers parts of the CA usually thoughts of as "digressions," i.e., evils of war (Book III), uses of labor (VI), religions of the world (V), and philosophy of Aristotle under guise of the education of Alexander (VII). Author/Editor Author/Editor Tague, Wilma Long. Published Tague, Wilma Long. "John Gower's 'Confessio Amantis': An Hypothesis of Structure." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Wisconsin, 1972. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower's "Confessio Amantis": An Hypothesis of Structure. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Study divided into two parts: first, determines what mythographers thought about Gower's central figures (Venus, Cupid, Genius); second, carefully examines Gower's handling of stories within this tradition. Discovers some variation from standard mythological "treatment" in Gower, usually to show areas of Genius' ignorance. Mostly, Gower follows mythological tradition closely. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Foster, James Joseph. Published Forster, James Joseph. The Influence of Medieval Mythography on John Gower. Ph.D. Dissertation. Duke University, 1973. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Influence of Medieval Mythography on John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Shakespeare consulted Gower and Chaucer on occasion; use of Gower in "Pericles" was a conscious archaism and includes parody of Gower's four-beat couplets. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Felperin, Howard. Published Felperin, Howard. Shakespearean Romance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972, pp. 143ff. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shakespearean Romance. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses possible influence by Gower on "Cymbeline," "Winter's Tale," "Tempest," and, of course, "Pericles." [RFY1971] Author/Editor Author/Editor Smith, Hallett. Published Smith, Hallett. Shakespeare's Romances: A Study of Some Ways of the Imagination. San Marino, CA: Huntington Library, 1972, pp. 3, 18, 40. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shakespeare's Romances: A Study of Some Ways of the Imagination. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Cites Gower's examples of "purgatory of cruel beauties" motif as influential on Spenser. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Tonkin, Humphrey. Published Tonkin, Humphrey. Spenser's Courteous Pastoral: Book VI of the Faerie Queene. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972, p. 87n. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spenser's Courteous Pastoral: Book VI of the "Faerie Queene." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This highly speculative article questions the idea of artistic taste and its foundation, pointing out about Gower that, if this generation of readers had more of the moralizing taste of the fourteenth century, his works would again to popular. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Howard, Donald R. Published Howard, Donald R. "Medieval Poems and Medieval Society." Medievalia et Humanistica, New Series 3 (1972): 99-115 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medieval Poems and Medieval Society. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief references to Gower as a moral poet, like Strode, who Steadman thinks is comparable to Gower. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Steadman, John. Published Steadman, John. Disembodied Laughter: Troilus and the Apotheosis Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972, pp. 105-06, 113, 115, 117, 138, 146, 148, 150, 153 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Disembodied Laughter: Troilus and the Apotheosis Tradition. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Clogan argues that in the CA Gower "transformed traditional themes of rebuke from complaint to satire" (218). The distinction between complaint and satire is taken from John Peter's 1956 study Complaint and Satire in Early English Literature. Peter "drew a basic distinction between complaint, which is said to be impersonal, conceptual, Christian, corrective, and unsophisticated and satire, which is identified as being personal, sophisticated, flexible, and only superficially corrective in aim" (218). Clogan criticizes this "vague classification" (219), not least because it suggests that the taste for satire virtually died out from the time of St. Jerome until the Renaissance. According to Clogan, Gower included many traditional themes of complaint in the CA – e.g., the attacks on the clergy, Lollards, and usurers – but they fit within "a larger scheme of satire" (219). Gower's satirical approach is seen in the confessional framework of the poem, which is a parody of the penitential manuals. Especially ironic is the figure of Genius, who is both the priest of Venus and has to teach the lesson of the Seven Deadly Sins. Clogan observes that "Genius signifies the only sin which the Lover does not confess" (220). Amans too is treated satirically. As a senex amans he "becomes the counterpart of Chaucer's January as he tries to possess his young wife" (220). Although Gower thus satirizes the penitential and courtly traditions, yet "his writings can also be labeled moral because their satirical view of the world ranges from ironic contrasts to a burlesque dignity" (221). Clogan further cautions "against placing too much significance on the political and social views since the Confessio is essentially concerned with the divine perspective in human affairs" (221). This perspective is evident in the great "web of contrasts which bind and unite the poem" (221), contrasts which ultimately depend on irony and satire for their effect. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Clogan, Paul M Published Clogan, Paul M. "From Complaint to Satire: The Art of the Confessio Amantis." Medievalia et Humanistica 4 (1973), pp. 217-222. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource From Complaint to Satire: The Art of the Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Pickford argues that Gower accommodates the concept of fortune to Christian teaching. Bad fortune is the result of mankind's sin. It is a general effect of the fall, rather than the result of one individual's choices. Fortune, then, "is a figurative way of expressing the observable fact that this world is a mutable world, whose outcome God foreknows and in a sense 'directs' since he has taken account of it in his overall plan for man" (24). People do have free will (as Gower shows by deciding to go boating on the Thames when he met King Richard II "par chaunce"), and the answer to the sin and division that create misfortune is love (caritas). Even Venus, a goddess very similar to Fortune, becomes a more Christian figure in Gower's work (24). Pickford ends his essay by illustrating his general argument with examples culled primarily from the CA Prologue and from the Tale of Apollonius of Tyre. Finally, he dismisses the idea that Gower's frequent use of the proverb "nede mot that nede schal" has much to do with Gower's concept of fortune. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Pickford, T. E Published Pickford, T. E. "'Fortune' in Gower's Confessio Amantis." Parergon 7 (1973), pp. 20-29. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Fortune' in Gower's Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi Published Ito, Masayoshi. "On the English Translation (by E. W. Stockton) of 'Vox Clamantis'." Bulletin of College of General Education, Tohoku University 18 (1973), pp. 1-17 [ISSN 0287-8844]. English version in Ito's John Gower, The Medieval Poet (Tokyo: Shinozaki Shorin, 1976), pp. 139-55. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Vox Clamantis Review In Japanese. Written primarily as a review of E. W. Stockton's English translation of Gower's Latin works, this article also contains a detailed analysis of Gower's Latin style. While acknowledging the invaluable service that Stockton has done to Gower studies by making the VC accessible to a wide audience, Ito argues that Stockton's prose rendering of the VC is not always sufficiently attentive to its stylistic features. There are even passages, according to Ito, where mistranslation results from Stockton's failure to fully appreciate Gower's craftsmanship in his use of various rhetorical devices. The rhetorical techniques that Ito focuses on in this article include irony, paradox, metaphor, and wordplay, but what receives particular attention is Gower's use of antithesis. Line 1760 of Book 1 ("Quo cecidit fragili sub pede forte caput"), for example, involves the juxtaposition of "fragili pede" (weak foot) and "forte caput" (strong head), but this parallel structure is obscured in Stockton's translation as he mistakes "forte" for an adverb meaning "by chance." Similarly, in VC 6.1327-1328 ("Solo contenta moritur nunc fida Medea, / Fictaque Crisaida gaudet amare duos"), Stockton overlooks the opposition between "solo contenta" (satisfied with only one man) and "amare duos" (loving two men), incorrectly translating the former phrase as "laid out in the earth." Stockton's translation of VC 3.153-154 ("I wish to be just, but I am being transformed into anger, and this ensuing anger is destroying my good principles") is also inaccurate because he fails to see that the original lines ("Vti iusticia volo, set conuertor in iram, / Principiumque bonum destruit ira sequens") are built around two pairs of contrasted ideas, "iusticia"/"ira" (justice/anger) and "principium"/"sequens" (beginning/ensuing). Ito makes these and other observations to suggest ways to improve Stockton's translation, but they also demonstrate how frequent recourse to antithesis in the VC serves to hammer home one of the central themes of this Latin poem--the contrast between the degraded society of the present and the noble ideals that existed in a remote past. [Yoshiko Kobayashi; rev. MA] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On the English Translation (by E. W. Stockton) of 'Vox Clamantis' Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Texts in Spanish, introduction and notes in English; text of selection from Confision based on MS. Escorial G.II.19. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Deyermond, A. D., ed. Published Deyermond, A. D., ed. Apollonius of Tyre: Two Fifteenth-Century Prose Romances: Hystoria de Apolonio and Confisyón del Amante, Apolonyo de Tyro. Exeter Hispanic Texts, 6. Exeter: Exeter University Press, 1973. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Apollonius of Tyre: Two Fifteenth-Century Prose Romances: Hystoria de Apolonio and Confisyón del Amante, Apolonyo de Tyro. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Blake, N. F. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Review Argues that Caxton's printing of Gower and Chaucer shows a growing secular reading public, which encouraged an increase in literary patronage. [RFY1981]. Published Blake, N. F. Caxton: England's First Publisher. London: Osprey, 1973, p. 220. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Title A name given to the resource Caxton: England's First Publisher. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In the CA, Gower is more limited in his English than in his Latin poetry; thus, he produces fewer puns in CA than elsewhere. Reprinted with slight revision in John Gower: The Medieval Poet (Tokyo: Shinozaki Shorin, 1976), pp. 232-49. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi. Published Ito, Masayoshi. "Wordplay in Confessio Amantis." Shiron 13 (1973): 1-18. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wordplay in Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief references to Gower as "flat" poet, with "smooth, unvarying line" which "glides." [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Knight, Stephen. Published Knight, Stephen. Ryming Craftily: Meaning in Chaucer's Poetry. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1973, pp. 9, 31. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ryming Craftily: Meaning in Chaucer's Poetry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973