6 100 2176 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower was more capable temperamentally of carrying out the original plan of "The Canterbury Tales" than was Chaucer; had Gower written the poem, it would no doubt have been finished. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bronson, Bertrand. Published Bronson, Bertrand. In Search of Chaucer. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1960, p. 70. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource In Search of Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review On the occasion of the library of the University of North Carolina acquiring its millionth volume, a 1483 folio edition of Gower's CA printed by William Caxton, Wells writes a critical appreciation of both the poet and the printer. By Caxton's time Gower's fame was well established, as shown from the translation of his work into Spanish and Portuguese. Wells remarks on the range of Gower's reading "in the ancient and contemporary classics of his age" (9). Despite his extensive borrowing, Gower preserves a sense of order, not only by the achievement of a plain style, but also by making the image of the lover seeking his ideal representative of the good man "striving towards order" (9). The second half of Wells' piece provides an appraisal of Caxton's career. Wells suggests that Caxton's criteria for each book that he chose to print were that it was "1) long established in reputation or very popular, 2) well written, 3) instructive, and 4) if the subject permitted, delightful" (10). Wells ends with a brief description of Caxton's edition, including its marginalia and binding. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Wells, William Published Wells, William. "Gower and Caxton." South Atlantic Bulletin 27.1 (1961), pp. 9-10. Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower and Caxton Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review As Russell points out, the CA was translated "first into Portuguese prose by Robert Payn, an Englishman attached to the household of Queen Philippa – John of Gaunt's daughter – and thence into Castilian by Juan de Cuenca" (26). The terminus ante quem for the Portuguese translation must be 1438, for Philippa's eldest son, King Duarte, had a copy in his library when he died in that year. Duarte also mentions the CA in the prologue to his Leal Conselheiro. It may be from the latter work that Juan de Cuenca first heard of Gower's poem. Of Juan de Cuenca little is known. He came from Huete, and Russell points out that the town was part of the settlement of John of Gaunt's Castilian claims in 1388. Of Robert Payn we know that he was a significant figure at the court of Philippa, and we know that he was still alive at the end of 1430. He probably made his translation after leaving the Queen's service and taking on an ecclesiastical office. We also know of a Thomas Payn who may have been Robert's father, and the quality of Robert's translation makes it seem likely that the family were not fresh arrivals in Portugal but belonged to the well-established English colony in Lisbon. Russell feels that the dedication to Richard II in the first recension – used for the translation – would have given little offense to a Portuguese audience, even after Richard was deposed. Yet the translation was likely made before 1399 or after 1415. Russell favours the latter possibility. He ends with some comments on the possible influence of Gower on later Iberian literature. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Russell, P. E Published Russell, P. E. "Robert Payn and Juan De Cuenca, Translators of Gower's Confessio Amantis." Medium AEvum 30 (1961), pp. 26-32. Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert Payn and Juan De Cuenca, Translators of Gower's Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Fisher surveys fourteenth-century beliefs about the status of the aristocracy. After reading Wyclif and Langland in the light of Roman and Augustinian views of social hierarchy and government, Fisher observes that what Gower adds to the picture is the concept of the "common good." Its importance for the subject of aristocracy is demonstrated by Ewart Lewis, who writes, "The emphasis which medieval writers placed upon the superiority of common good to private good was a response to the real medieval problem of persuading arrogant individualism to give way to community consciousness" (147). Gower connects the common good with a common law for all. Since equality before the law is consonant with Roman and Christian tenets of the natural equality of all men, such a position speaks of Gower's "conservative moralism" (148). Yet Fisher adds that in promoting equality Gower reveals a kind of ideological blind-spot, for "just as Wyclif did not intend that his arguments for ecclesiastical socialism should alter the position or prerogatives of the secular aristocracy, and Langland could perceive the uselessness of hereditary aristocrats and still regret their being pushed around by the rising middle class, so Gower argued for law and justice without ever realizing that these very agencies would help destroy the social hierarchy he took so completely for granted" (148). Both in the VC and the CA Gower's argument for the importance of law places a great burden on the king to obey the law and administer it responsibly. As a result, Gower pays less attention to the aristocracy, being "content merely to take the existence of the nobility for granted" (150). Fisher's piece ends with an analysis of Pearl, where we witness "a heavenly state of equality impossible of attainment in mortal society" (152), and with the final observation that whereas Wyclif and Pearl apply a different standard to the organization of divine and temporal society, Langland and Gower are willing to use the same standard for both. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Fisher, John H Published Fisher, John H. "Wyclif, Langland, Gower, and the Pearl Poet on the Subject of Aristocracy." In Studies in Medieval Literature in Honor of Professor Albert Croll Baugh. Ed. Leach, MacEdward. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1961, pp. 139-157. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyclif, Langland, Gower, and the Pearl Poet on the Subject of Aristocracy Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U of Pennsylvania P, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Ovid's influence on Gower was extensive, and was one of the major directing forces of his creative imagination. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Mahoney, John L. Published Mahoney, John L. "Ovid and Medieval Courtly Love Poetry." Classical Folia 15 (1961): 14-27. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ovid and Medieval Courtly Love Poetry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexamined. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Twycross, Margaret A. Published Twycross, Margaret A. The Representation of the Major Classical Divinities in the works of Chaucer, Gower, Lydgate, and Henryson. B.Litt. Dissertation. Oxford, 1961. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Representation of the Major Classical Divinities in the works of Chaucer, Gower, Lydgate, and Henryson. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Comments on Gower as a forerunner of Skelton as a court poet and a caustic, moral satirist. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Heiserman, A. R. Published Heiserman, A. R. Skelton and Satire. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961, pp. 52, 173, 290, 311. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skelton and Satire. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In the CA, traditions of penitential literature and secular amorous verse, rooted in the classical tradition, come together to provide the shaping structure for the poem. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor McNally, John D. Published McNally, John D. "Gower, Ovid, and the 'Religion' of Courtly Love: The Shaping of the 'Confessio Amantis'." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Chicago, 1961. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower, Ovid, and the "Religion" of Courtly Love: The Shaping of the "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Cites George Puttenham (1589) on Gower's "knighthood"; uses CA as one example of courtly love poetry, and to show how "the game of love" was played at court; also quotes Gower on the use of "disour." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Stevens, John. Published Stevens, John. Music and Poetry in the Early Tudor Court. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1961, pp. 7, 147, 157, 160-61, 164, 173-74, 177, 181, 189, 192, 299. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Music and Poetry in the Early Tudor Court. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Describes the contents of MS. Cambridge University Library Ff.1.6, which includes work by Roos and excerpts from the CA; suggests Gower may have written "Le Song Verte"; notes Roos and Gower use set phrases repeatedly when translating French poetry into English; compares "Medea" story as told by Roos and Gower. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Seaton, Ethel. Published Seaton, Ethel. Sir Richard Roos, 1410-1482, Lancastrian Poet. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1961, pp. 92, 96, 270, 350. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Manuscripts and Textual Studies Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sir Richard Roos, 1410-1482, Lancastrian Poet. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Murphy disputes the existence of a medieval English rhetorical tradition. Despite the fact that the CA contains the "first known discussion of rhetoric in the English language" (402), Gower had little or no actual knowledge of the subject and borrowed his material quite blindly from Brunetto Latini's Li Livres dou Tresor. Murphy in particular critiques Robertson B. Daniels, "Rhetoric in Gower's 'To King Henry the Fourth, in Praise of Peace,'" for suggesting that Gower borrowed numerous rhetorical figures (colores) from rhetorical textbooks. According to Murphy, use of such figures can easily be explained by the abundant use of grammatical texts in English grammar schools. Murphy also disputes Daniel's argument that Gower's word-play on the term acephalus in VC 3.955-56 (an example of annominatio) shows a clear allusion to a passage in Geoffrey of Vinsauf. After listing similar puns in other works, he concludes: "It would seem that a parallel involving only one word will not suffice to prove Gower's reliance on the Poetria Nova" (407). As for Gower's discussion of rhetoric in Book 7 of the CA, Murphy argues that Gower's ignorance is illustrated by the fact that he does not even know that "Tullius" is the same person as "Cithero," or that the term "colour" has a technical meaning for the rhetorician. Gower derives almost all of his knowledge from the Tresor, the exception being the credit given to Aristotle for writing a work on rhetoric "when it seems apparent that Gower himself knew of no such book" (409). The latter detail is likely caused by the influence of the Secretum Secretorum. From the evidence of the Confessio, then, there is little evidence "that there was a viable rhetorical tradition in fourteenth-century England similar to that in France or Italy, which had given rise to vernacular treatises on rhetoric in the preceding century" (411). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Murphy, James J Published Murphy, James J. "John Gower's Confessio Amantis and the First Discussion of Rhetoric in the English Language." Philological Quarterly 41 (1962), pp. 401-411. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification In Praise of Peace Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower's Confessio Amantis and the First Discussion of Rhetoric in the English Language Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review According to Bloomfield, "Gower is an important figure in the story of the seven deadly sins in English literature . . . [T]hey constitute a basic element of his worldview" (196). In all three major works, Gower demonstrates the kind of "proliferation of detail" (196) and propensity for symbolism in describing and classifying sin that is characteristic of late medieval and renaissance culture. For instance, Gower's references to alchemy and astrology are reminiscent of the classical linkage of the sins with their planets and metals. Likewise, Gower's association of the sins with particular animals and diseases (especially in the MO) demonstrates his systematic approach to life. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bloomfield, Morton Published Bloomfield, Morton. "The Seven Deadly Sins: An Introduction to the History of a Religious Concept, with Special Reference to Medieval English Literature." East Lansing: Michigan State College Press, 1962 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Seven Deadly Sins: An Introduction to the History of a Religious Concept, with Special Reference to Medieval English Literature Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Michigan State College Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Uses passages from MO 16837-48 and VC 659-62 as examples of moral poetry employing pearls as virginity symbols. Author/Editor Author/Editor Luttrell, C. A. Published Luttrell, C. A. The Medieval Tradition of the Pearl Virginity. Medium Aevum 31 (1962): 194-200. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Medieval Tradition of the Pearl Virginity. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Excellent prose translation of VC and CrT, with valuable introduction and notes. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Stockton, Eric W., trans. Published Stockton, Eric W., trans. The Major Latin Works of John Gower. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1962. Unrestricted access to full text at https://vdoc.pub/documents/the-major-latin-works-of-john-gower-the-voice-of-one-crying-and-the-tripartite-chronicle-9bhq1oossn40. Accessed June 22, 2022. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Cronica Tripertita Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Major Latin Works of John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues that the punctuation marks (virga) in Gower's manuscripts indicate that Gower utilized a prosody similar to that of Chaucer. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Southworth, James G. Published Southworth, James G. The Prosody of Chaucer and His Followers: Supplementary Chapters to Verses of Cadence. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1962, p. 38. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Prosody of Chaucer and His Followers: Supplementary Chapters to Verses of Cadence. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower is a moral poet, deeply concerned with the welfare of soul and state. Highly influenced by romance styles of the Continent, particularly dream visions, he is representative of his times in not giving us much personal revelation in his poetry, despite his use of the first person and his naming Amans in CA John Gower. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Robertson, D. W., Jr. Published Robertson, D. W., Jr. A Preface to Chaucer: Studies in Medieval Perspectives. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1962, pp. 13-14, 230, 276n, 277-78, 280, 310, 311n, 377n, 452, 461 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Preface to Chaucer: Studies in Medieval Perspectives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Schueler, Donald C. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Review It is the "central thing" to our reading experience of Gower that his ethical content, didactic purpose, structure, representation of romantic love, narrative, and poetic techniques are medieval. Examines each in relation to each other, and as examples of "medieval" modes of thought. [RFY1981] Published Schueler, Donald C. A Critical Evaluation of John Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Ph.D. Dissertation. Louisiana State University, 1962. Unrestricted access at https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1755&context=gradschool_disstheses; accessed August 23, 2022. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Title A name given to the resource A Critical Evaluation of John Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief list of works and assessment: "He had no sense of humor, which made his works dull and insipid." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Das Gupta, N. Published Das Gupta, N. A History of English Literature. Ghaziabad: Garg Publishing, 1962, p. 19 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A History of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Praising assessment of CA; no other works mentioned. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Mullik, B. R. Published Mullik, B. R. English Literature: Its Background and Development. Dehli: S. Chand, 1962, pp. 29-30 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature: Its Background and Development Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's name is "the last name on the roll of Anglo-Norman writers" (360). Even though his language and versification are influenced by continental French, Gower's French works can be said to have provided a "magnificent" (357) end to Anglo-Norman literature. Despite the praise, Legge dedicates only a couple of pages to the MO (consisting mostly of summary). Her discussion of the Traitie and the CB is a little longer and involves more close-reading. Legge dates the Traitie to just before Gower's marriage in 1398 and the CB to sometime after Henry IV's accession in 1399. The latter were written for the court. In each text Gower's versification is "freer than continental writers in making grammar give way before the requirement of metre and rhyme, [and] he has more feeling for rhythm and a tendency to write in iambics" (360). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Legge, M. Dominica Published Legge, M. Dominica. "Anglo-Norman Literature and its Background." Oxford: Clarendon, 1963 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Cinkante Balades Traitié pour Essampler les Amants Marietz Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Anglo-Norman Literature and its Background Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Clarendon, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Hazelton discusses the Manciple's Tale's relationship to its sources: Ovid, Machaut, and Gower. In the second half of his article he argues that Chaucer set out particularly to mock Gower's tale of Phebus and the crow in the CA. Not only do Chaucer and Gower share the same plot details, but Chaucer picks up on a number of Gower's stylistic tics, including his habit of calling the stories "ensamples" and the pedantic use of "my sone." There must have been a serious rivalry between the poets, as Chaucer contrasts Gower's "romance blandishments . . . courtly cliché, hollow rhetoric and sterile moralizing" (25) to his own "comic realism" (25). Chaucer associates his own authorship with the lewdness of the Manciple and with the brazen honesty of the crow. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hazelton, Richard Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Published Hazelton, Richard. ""The 'Manciple's Tale': Parody and Critique."." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 62.1 (1963), pp. 1-31. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource "The 'Manciple's Tale': Parody and Critique." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which the verbal substantives used in the CA exhibit the syntactic characteristics of the verb. Having noted that in Gower's English the verbal substantive is morphologically distinct from the present participle, the former ending in –ing(e) or –yng(e) and the latter almost regularly ending in –ende, Kanno classifies the verbal substantives in the CA into the following three categories: (1) those functioning as subjects or subject complements; (2) those used as the object of a verb; (3) those used as the object of a preposition. Although in the majority of these cases the verbal substantive performs a noun function within a sentence, preceded by an adjective or determiner and/or linked prepositionally to a following object, Kanno cites three exceptional cases in which the –ing form is modified adverbially. Kanno also demonstrates that when the verbal substantive is placed after a verb phrase (as in the case of "awaiteth upon his comynge" in CA 8.1312), it combines with a preceding noun or possessive pronoun to form a subject-predicate unit called a "nexus." These isolated instances of the -ing form assuming verbal characteristics, however, do little to justify identifying them as a distinctive feature of Gower's syntax, leading Kanno to conclude that the verbal substantives in the CA have more nominal than verbal properties. [Yoshiko Kobayashi] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kanno, Masahiko Published Kanno, Masahiko. "Some Characteristics of the Verbal Substantive in Gower's Confessio Amantis." Hiroshima Studies in English Language and Literature 9 (1963), pp. 90-98. ISSN 0288-2876 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Some Characteristics of the Verbal Substantive in Gower's Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Translates into modern octosyllabic couplets the following selections from CA, with line numbers in brackets indicating prose summary rather than translation. The text is based on Macaulay, with some notes. The introduction is misleading. Prologue 1-584; [585-669]; 670-1099; Book I, 1-384; [385-435]; 436-80; [481-529]; 530-760; [761-1184]; 1185-1406; [1407-1861]; 1862-1976; [1977-2020]; 2021-2454; [2455-2656]; 2657-2782; [2783-3042]; 3043-54; [3055-3426]; 3427-46; Book II, 1-100; [101-210]; 211-586; [587-1826]; 1827-76; [1877-2154]; 2155-2312; [2313-2500]; 2501-40; [2541-2620]; 2621-98; [2699-3151]; 3152-80; [omits without summary 3181-3500]; 3501-08; [3509-30]; Book III, 1-306; [307-416]; 417-62; [463-638]; 639-98; [699-830]; 831-42; [843-972]; 973-1066; [1067-1461]; 1462-1574; [1575-2196]; 2197-2304; [2305-2484]; 2485-2506; [2507-98]; 2599-2626; [2627-2774]; Book IV, 1-64; [65-329]; 330-50; [351-80]; 381-436; [437-50]; 451-510; [511-730]; 731-872; [873-1088]; 1089-1208; [1209-82]; 1283-1332; [1333-2190]; 2191-2291; [2292-2704]; 2705-50; [2751-2976]; 2977-3023; [3024-3186]; 3187-3252; [3253-75]; 3276-95; [3296-3528]; 3529-44; [3545-3620]; 3621-56; [3657-3712]; Book V, 1-98; [99-186]; 187-208; [209-30]; 231-89; [290-2272]; 2273-2390; [2391-2444]; 2445-98; [2499-3540]; 3541-74; [3575-3734]; 3735-49; [3750-87]; 3788-3811; [3812-3956]; 3957-81; [3982-4044]; 4045-4145; [4146-4406]; 4407-14; [4415-84]; 4485-4566; [4567-4728]; 4729-65; [4766-5050]; 5051-68; [5069-6105]; 6106-36; [6137-68]; 6169-6211; [6212-6496]; 6497-6568; [6569-6934]; 6935-7085; [7086-7662]; 7663-69; [7670-7746]; 7747-58; [7759-7809]; 7810-34; [7835-44]; Book VI, 1-60, [61-484l]; 485-536; [537-664]; 665-790; [791-830]; 831-74; [875-906]; 907-26; [927-86]; 987-1109; [1110-28]; 1129-44; [1145-1260]; 1261-92; [1293-1398]; 1399-1470; [1471-2257]; 2258-70; [2271-2440]; Book VII, [1-800]; 801-72; [873-1916]; 1917-49; [1950-2274]; 2275-2304; [2305-2448]; 2449-79; [2480-2695]; 2696-2705; [2706-90]; 2791-2810; [2811-3184]; 3185-3201; [3202-3386]; 3387-3416; [3417-3508]; 3509-13; [3514-52]; 3553-72; [3573-3944]; 3945-97; [3998-4272]; 4273-4311; [4312-4762]; 4763-4846; [4847-4940]; 4941-88; [4989-5407]; 5408-28; [5429-38]; Book VIII, [1-144]; 145-94; [195-1036]; 1037-56; [1057-1416]; 1417-46; [1447-2148]; 2149-64; [2165-2216]; 2217-2499; [2500-2666]; 2667-2742; [2743-93]; 2794-2970; [2971-3105]; 3106-72. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Tiller, Terence, trans. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Published Tiller, Terence, trans. Confessio Amantis (The Lover's Shrift). Harmondsworth; Balitimore, Maryland: Penguin, 1963. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Title A name given to the resource Confessio Amantis (The Lover's Shrift). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography of Gower and list of his works; Gower moved ". . . one foot over into the new camp when he had reached the age of about 60." [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Ward, A. C. Published Ward, A. C. Illustrated History of English Literature. 3 vols. Chaucer to Shakespeare, vol. I. London: Longmans, Green, 1963, pp. 32-34, 70, 83n, and 167. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Illustrated History of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Concludes, partly by reference to MO 15599-600, and CA VI, 1379-81, that Langland's verbal repetition in common in other Middle English poets, including Gower. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Spearing, A. C. Published Spearing, A. C. "Verbal Repetition in Piers Plowman B and C." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 62 (1963): 722-37. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Verbal Repetition in Piers Plowman B and C. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief discussion of the tales of Constance, Nebuchhadnezzar, Apollonius, and Pyramus and Thisbe from CA, in relation to romance versions; asserts Gower did not know the English version of "Partonope of Blois." [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Loomis, Laura Hibbard. Published Loomis, Laura Hibbard. Medieval Romance in England: A Study of the Sources and Analogues of the Non-cyclic Metrical Romances. New ed. with Supplementary Bibliographical Index (1929-1959). New York: Burt Franklin, 1963, pp. 24, 63, 165, 168, 192, 202, 231. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medieval Romance in England: A Study of the Sources and Analogues of the Non-cyclic Metrical Romances. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Uses Gower as a point of comparison with Chaucer, as both man and poet. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Brewer, Derek. Published Brewer, Derek. Chaucer in His Time. London: T. Nelson, 1963, pp. 11, 17, 49, 101, 135-36, 185, 195-96. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer in His Time. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Clemen, Wolfgang. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Published Clemen, Wolfgang. Chaucer's Early Poetry. London: Methuen, 1963. Reprinted, 1968, pp. 8, 12, 17ff., 35, 63-64, 86n, 200. Review Gower's poetry is of a "high artistic standard"; Gower is contrasted with Chaucer and Langland as thinkers and poetic stylists (compares CA III, 1243-51 with "Book of the Duchess" 1298-1310); Dido story is "an exemplum"; Chaucer read more Ovid, Virgil, and Statius than did Gower. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Early Poetry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review General survey of background to "Pericles," citing Gower as a major source, particularly for place- and character-names. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hoeniger, F. David, ed. Published Hoeniger, F. David, ed. Pericles. The Arden Edition of the Works of William Shakespeare. London: Methuen, 1963, pp. xiii-xix, xliiin. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pericles. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Notes that Gower makes ample use of the mode of veniality satire developed by the eleventh century, particularly in the VC, following earlier models in conservative fashion. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yunck, John A. Published Yunck, John A. The Lineage of Lady Meed: The Development of Medieval Veniality Satire. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1963, pp. 262-65, 298. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lineage of Lady Meed: The Development of Medieval Veniality Satire. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief listing and assessment of works; Gower fails in CA because he is digressive. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Basu, Nitish K. Published Basu, Nitish K. A History of English Literature. 3 vols. Calcutta: Bookland, 1963, II, 80-81. Brief Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A History of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The "correspondences" are subject matter, structure, and style, which Gower keeps cooperative with each other as an "aspect of the order of the universe." [RFY1981; rev. MA, with help from Yoshiko Kobayashi]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi. Published Ito, Masayoshi. "The Sense of Correspondence in Confessio Amantis." Studies in English Literature (English Literature Society of Japan) 40 (1964): 149-66. English abstract and link to original Japanese essay at https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elsjp/40/2/40_KJ00006939604/_article/-char/en; accessed August 2, 2022. Reprinted, with slight revision, in Oiji Takero, ed. Chaucer to sono shuben (Toyko: Kenkysha, 1968) and in Ito's John Gower, the Medieval Poet (Tokyo: Shinozaki Shorin, 1976), pp. 3-24. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Sense of Correspondence in Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 1976 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review John Milton, in the pamphlet "An Apology Against a Pamphlet Call'd A Modest Confutation of the Animadversions upon the Remonstrant against Smectymnuus" (1642), quotes a lengthy passage from Gower's story of "Constantine and Sylvester" (Book 2 of the CA) as proof that "great riches in the Church are the baits of pride & ambition" (101). In the process Milton also suggests that he will "allege a reputed divine authority, as ancient as Constantine" (101). Jochums argues from a survey of Milton's other prose works that this must be a reference to Sulpicius Severus, a patristic writer who made similar points about the effects of riches on the Church. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Jochums, Milford C Published Jochums, Milford C. "As Ancient as Constantine." Studies in English Literature 4.1 (1964), pp. 101-107. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource As Ancient as Constantine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Fisher's influential study reviews Gower's critical reputation (chapter 1), the Life Records (chapter 2), the chronology and historical context of his poetic works (chapter 3), his major themes (chapter 4), and his relationship with Chaucer (chapter 5). While Gower wrote complaint literature rather than satire (Chaucer's preferred mode), and has thus gone out of fashion, what we can appreciate in Gower is "his absolute integrity, his coherent grasp of the values and ideals of his day, and his fearless expression of the moral judgments growing out of these ideals" (v). Chapter 1 reviews the state of criticism, from the initial positive reception of Gower's work to the later accusation that Gower was a political opportunist. The shift began at the end of the 17th century, and since then literary taste has also preferred satire to the "generalized moralistic mode of medieval complaint" (3). Before then Gower was often seen as an older mentor figure for Chaucer, especially since Venus's words to Chaucer at the end of the CA were for a long time misread as Gower's own words. Fisher also reviews the manuscript tradition as well as important early editions (e.g., Caxton, Berthelette). For Fisher, more recent criticism is starting to correct many earlier mistakes (e.g., the association of Gower the poet with the Stittenham Gowers, or the belief that the collar on Gower's tomb showed that Thomas of Woodstock was Gower's patron). Gower did not suddenly change his allegiance, his social criticism is coherent, the idea of a quarrel with Chaucer is overblown, and Gower's influence on Chaucer is significant (35-36). Chapter 2 adds to what is known about Gower's life. Harris Nicolas had shown that Gower was related to Sir Robert Gower of Kent, rather than to the Stittenham Gowers, but Fisher believes that there may still be a different Yorkshire connection. Sir Robert Gower was in the service of David de Strabolgi, Earl of Athol. In the 1320's and early 1330's Sir Robert would have fought in Scotland. Robert Gower's wife was Margaret, daughter of Sir Philip de Moubray, and the Moubrays provide the most direct link between Robert Gower and the Langbargh Gowers of Yorkshire, who had a similar coat of arms. After David de Strabolgi died, his wife Katherine moved south to Kent to the Brabourn manor. Robert Gower must have moved too as part of her entourage. Gower the poet may have been "a precocious (or orphaned, or favorite) nephew (or cousin, or conceivably even much younger brother)" [who came along for] the advantage of a genteel education" (46). Fisher shows that Gower the poet's property transactions tie him closely to the Kent Gowers (especially Robert Gower's daughter Joan). Fisher also mentions that Gower's reputation may suffer from his participation in the "Septvauns affair," but Fisher exonerates Gower on the basis that "the other individuals involved in the sequence of events were eminently respectable" (54). Other evidence suggests that Gower was a civil servant, possibly a lawyer, before retiring to St. Mary Overeys. Gower's relationships (e.g., with Strode, Usk, Chaucer, Hoccleve) "cluster about the Inns of Court, Chancery, and Guildhall, reaching out into the Staple and the Custom House" (63). Chapter 3, on Gower's literary career, suggests that Gower started out writing amorous verses (the CB). Fisher speculates that Gower was a member of a literary organization called a "Pui" (78). With the MO, Gower moved on from youthful idealism. The MO seems to have been composed for personal edification, and it is only at the end (when Gower foresees the Peasants' Revolt) that Gower starts to see himself as a social reformer. Fisher believes that Gower had access to a scriptorium at St. Mary's, and so was able to focus on producing presentation MSS for important figures. Fisher discerns three versions of the VC, and agrees with Macaulay that when the CrT was later added the two texts became "a unified commentary on the tragic course of Richard's rule from 1381 to 1400, with a prologue (the Visio), a midpoint (the Epistle), and an epilogue (the Cronica)" (114). The CA manuscripts are the hardest to categorize, and Fisher struggles to explain why so many first recension MSS were copied after Richard's deposition (116). Fisher also suggests that in the second recension Gower excised the praise of Richard at the end of the poem because Gower was unhappy about Richard's conflict with the city of London in 1392. Since Chaucer was still in the king's employ at that time Gower also removed the allusion to Chaucer to protect him. However, Fisher admits that this theory is speculative since the second recension is dated to 1391 at the latest. The chapter ends with a discussion of the minor Latin poems as well as In Praise of Peace. Chapter 4 covers Gower's major themes, and Fisher notes that the "most striking characteristic of Gower's literary production is its single-mindedness" (135). Gower often picks up where he left off, as when the VC ends with the dream of Nebuchadnezzar and the CA starts with the same image. The three major subjects that Gower invariably returns to are individual virtue, legal justice, and the administrative responsibility of the king. This threefold argument is indebted to four different areas of influence: the penitential tradition, the popular sermon, belletristic poetry, and the political doctrine of medieval civil and canon law. The last of these shows Gower's legal interests, and while Gower tends to deal in legal commonplaces, Fisher nevertheless believes that Gower had personal knowledge of the law (157). In fact, the three types of law (natural law, the law of nations, and civil law) greatly influence Gower's stories, as does the frequent narrative pattern "sin-law-love" (163). This leads Fisher to a discussion of how Gower treats the fall into sin in the MO (the allegory of Satan, Sin, and Death) and the VC (the Peasants' Revolt). The solution for sin is the common good, which must be promoted by the king, and Fisher ends the chapter by arguing (against C. S. Lewis) that the CA is primarily political in stressing these aims. Chapter 5 takes up about a third of the book, and details the possible influence Gower exerted on Chaucer. In general, "Gower was a sort of conscience to his brilliant but volatile friend, encouraging him by both precept and example to turn from visions of courtly love to social criticism" (207). For instance, in the House of Fame, the eagle is Gower, rescuing Chaucer from the sterile wasteland of courtly love. The Knight's Tale and Troilus and Criseyde are indebted to Gower's moral philosophy: Troilus and Criseyde deals with "the eventual insufficiency of temporal human love" whereas the Knight's Tale treats "the relationship between natural passion, human law, and the ruler" (220). Fisher also argues that the CA and the Legend of Good Women "stem from the same royal command" (256). In the CA, Gower was influenced by Chaucer in realizing that he might restate his moral philosophy "in terms of Empedoclean love" (250). However, when Chaucer moved away from Gower's influence (he left for Kent from 1386-89) he started experimenting increasingly with immoral stories (the fabliaux). Gower may have been scandalized, and Chaucer then wrote the Man of Law's Tale to show that he could be more didactic than Gower himself. Nevertheless, Chaucer did give up on writing fabliaux and managed to bring together the comedy of the fabliaux with the more philosophical theme of "gentilesse" in the marriage tales. It was the marriage group that became Chaucer's true "testament of love" (301) that Gower's Venus had asked him to write. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Fisher, John H Published Fisher, John H. John Gower: Moral Philosopher and Friend of Chaucer. New York: New York University Press, 1964 Gower Subject Biography of Gower Influence and Later Allusion Manuscripts and Textual Studies Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Vox Clamantis Cinkante Balades Cronica Tripertita In Praise of Peace Traitié pour Essampler les Amants Marietz Minor Latin Poetry Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower: Moral Philosopher and Friend of Chaucer Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available New York University Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review McNally argues that Gower's CA does not "mix water and oil" in combining the penitential tradition with the poetry of courtly love. To make this point, McNally carefully traces the gradual historical convergence of these two types of literature. He first outlines the origin of the seven (sometimes eight) deadly sins, the introduction of penitential tracts and confessional manuals, the use of exempla collections in preaching, the adoption of the confession as a literary model, and finally the eventual parody of the whole penitential system in comic literature (74-81). Next, McNally looks at the religious aspects of courtly literature. He points out, for example, that there are some significant similarities between the penitent and the lover. Both have a desire to receive the "grace" (82) of the beloved and both suffer from sickness (caused by sin or love). Penance and love were thus intimately related. McNally then charts this overlap in troubadour poetry, Dante (especially the Purgatory), Chretien de Troyes, Andreas Capellanus, Jean de Meun, and a number of other writers. In Dante, for instance, "the domna of the troubadours, transfigured and idealized [as Beatrice], is reached by the lover whose progress upward to her begins with the act of purgation, involving confession and the Seven Deadly Sins, both of which have structural functions in the work" (84). The final link between love and penance comes in the genre of the dream vision. McNally provides an elaborate comparison between a dream from Bede's Ecclesiastical History and a vision (of the afterlife of lovers) from Andreas Capellanus' De Amore. While the latter is also indebted to the tradition of the epithalamium (with its locus amoenus), the similarities are striking. Indeed, many of the elements of the religious and courtly dream vision come together in Alan of Lille's De Planctu Naturae, a significant source for Gower (94). McNally concludes, therefore, that Gower was "following an established tradition in which the Seven Deadly Sins, the confession courtly praecepta, a court of love, a quasi-religious vision, the petition of and judgment of the god or goddess, the instruction of the poet-lover-penitent, and tales and exempla for the purposes of instruction are conventional devices" (94). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor McNally, John J Published McNally, John J. "The Penitential and Courtly Traditions in Gower's Confessio Amantis." In Studies in Medieval Culture. Ed. Sommerfeldt, John R. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute, 1964, pp. 74-94. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Penitential and Courtly Traditions in Gower's Confessio Amantis Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Medieval Institute, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prints "Mundus and Paulina," CA, Book I, 2459-2680; "Rosiphelee," Book IV, 1245-1448; "Jason and Medea," Book V, 3247-4242; "Natural Philosophy," Book VII, 1-632; reprint of Macaulay. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Howard, Edwin J., ed. Published Howard, Edwin J., ed. Confessio Amantis, Selections. Oxford, Ohio: Miami University, 1964. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confessio Amantis, Selections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses illuminations (miniatures, framing techniques, bar-borders, colored initials, etc.) of MSS. Bodley 294, 693, and 902 of the CA, connecting them with other examples from Scherre and his school. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Spriggs, Gareth M. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confessio Amantis Published Spriggs, Gareth M. "Bodleian Manuscripts, Illuminated by Herman Scherre and his School: I. Manuscripts of John Gower's Cofessio Amantis." Bodleian Library Record 7 (1964): 193-99. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Title A name given to the resource Bodleian Manuscripts, Illuminated by Herman Scherre and his School: I. Manuscripts of John Gower's Confessio Amantis. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Morgan, F. C. Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Review A biographical sketch of Dr. William Brewster, and a similar sketch of his library, which apparently included at least one copy (perhaps in Caxton's 1483 edition) of the CA. [RFY1981]. Published Morgan, F. C. "Dr. William Brewster of Hereford (1665-1715), a Benefactor of Libraries." Medical History 8 (2 April 1964): 137-48. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dr. William Brewster of Hereford (1665-1715), a Benefactor of Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Of fourteenth-century English authors, only Chaucer and Gower show acquaintance with rhetoric, through evidence in their work. [RFY1981]. Published Murphy, James J. "A New Look at Chaucer and the Rhetoricians." Review of English Studies, New Series 15 (1964): 1-20. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A New Look at Chaucer and the Rhetoricians. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Chapin, Donald F. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Review "The subject of the poem may be generally described as the failure of the individual moral responsibility, or more precisely as the failure of the individual's rational faculty to regulate his will in the act of making a moral choice." This failure produces sin, on many levels, including political, ecclesiastical, etc. Gower is working hard the idea of microcosm/macrocosm; loss of individual reason creates sin which creates loss of charity in the world. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Published Chapin, Donald F. Theme and Structure in John Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Toronto, 1964. Dissertation Abstracts International A32.06. Restricted access at ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Title A name given to the resource Theme and Structure in John Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Published Howard, Edwin J. Geoffrey Chaucer. New York: Twayne, 1964, pp. 46, 76, 99, 107, 136, 191, 194, 197. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Review Gower was friendly with Chaucer; Gower's tale of Medea is better than "Legend of Good Women; draws on the "Roman de la Rose," as does Chaucer; alludes to Gower's use of "smooth" language. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geoffrey Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower is like Dante and Langland in fearing church corruption, and stating it directly. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Huppé, Bernard. Published Huppé, Bernard. A Reading of the Canterbury Tales.. Albany: State University of New York, 1964. Rev ed., 1967, pp. 190, 219. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Reading of the Canterbury Tales. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A brief, readable outline of Gower's life and writings. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schirmer, Walter F. Published Schirmer, Walter F. Kurze Geschichte der englischen und amerikanischen Literatur. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1964, pp. 45-47 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kurze Geschichte der englischen und amerikanischen Literatur. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The Man of Law prefers Gower to Chaucer because the former is more moral. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Howard, Donald R. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Published Howard, Donald R. "Chaucer the Man." PMLA 80 (1965): 337-43. Reprinted in A. C. Cawley, comp. Chaucer's Mind and Art. London: Oliver and Boyd, 1969. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer the Man. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 1969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review While Ferguson's study of civic consciousness is primarily about the early Renaissance (pp. 133-397), the early chapters deal with the medieval background. Ferguson singles out Langland and Gower as important figures in "the first important period in the history of English public discussion" (4). During this period (1360-1415), a new form of public discourse emerged from pure propaganda and from the more generalized complaint literature. Yet while Gower and others show an increasing sense of national identity and eagerly critiqued social maladies, their analysis of social ills generally stops short of actually providing "constructive policies" (42) for fixing the problems. Rather than suggesting systemic reform, Gower and his contemporaries tend to point to the need for personal moral reform (47). Only occasionally – as when Gower deals with the topic of justice – do we see "some awareness of the complexity of social relationships" (53). Otherwise, Gower's solution is to point out the king's need for good counsel and to focus on individual vices (especially sloth and avarice; 57). Gower in fact "failed to think in terms of institutions, much less of constitutions" (62). While Gower's writings become increasingly more political over time, he fails to provide a fully-fledged analysis of the root causes of such issues as the labour crisis, the problem of maintenance, and the war with France. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ferguson, A. B Published Ferguson, A. B. "The Articulate Citizen and the English Renaissance." Durham: Duke UP, 1965 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Articulate Citizen and the English Renaissance Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Duke UP, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Miller argues that the figure of the loathly lady present in Chaucer's Wife of Bath's Tale and Gower's Tale of Florent is not only found in the traditional analogues (romances, ballads, and so forth), but is also present in medieval collections of exempla. Specifically, exempla illustrating obedience and condemning lechery often invoke the figure of the succubus who tempts men with fornication. When the beautiful woman is resisted she usually turns into a stinking devil. The lesson is that "[f]air is foul and foul is fair" (447). Miller traces this motif in the Vitae Patrum, the Speculum Morale (attributed to Vincent of Beauvais), the Liber Exemplorum ad Usum Praedicantium, and similar texts. Chaucer's Wife of Bath's Tale thus becomes a parody of these clerkly exempla, while Gower's story is more straightforwardly a lesson in obedience. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Miller, Robert P Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Published Miller, Robert P. "The Wife of Bath's Tale and Mediaeval Exempla." English Literary History 32.4 (1965), pp. 442-456. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource The Wife of Bath's Tale and Mediaeval Exempla Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Excellent b&w photograph of Gower's tomb. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Loomis, Roger Sherman. Published Loomis, Roger Sherman. A Mirror of Chaucer's World. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1965, p. 9. A Mirror of Chaucer's World. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1965, p. 9. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Mirror of Chaucer's World. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In Japanese; no available abstract. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Kanno, Masahiko. Published Kanno, Masahiko. "Syntax of the Infinitive in John Gower's Confessio Amantis." Bulletin of Gifu Pharmaceutical College 15 (1965): 51-73; 16 (1966): 5-14. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Syntax of the Infinitive in John Gower's Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Maintains that Gower's style is "lucid and undecorated." [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Hussey, Maurice. Spearing, A. C. Winny, James. Published Hussey, Maurice, A. C. Spearing, and James Winny. An Introduction to Chaucer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965, p. 89. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Introduction to Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review No rhetorical tradition taught at Oxford until fifteenth century; no vernacular literary consciousness of tradition during this same period, save in the works of Chaucer and Gower. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Murphy, James J. Published Murphy, James J. "Rhetoric in Fourteenth-Century Oxford." Medium Aevum 34 (1965): 1-20, and p. 12n63. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rhetoric in Fourteenth-Century Oxford. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor N.A. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Crticism Review Partly a review of John H. Fisher's "John Gower, Moral Philosopher and Friend of Chaucer (1964); partly a critical piece, assessing Gower's main themes of love, sin, justice, and salvation in all poems. [RFY1981] Published "Preacher or Poet?" Anonymous Review. Times Literary Supplement, 18 November 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Preacher or Poet? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Meindl, Robert James. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Review Here the CA is read dramatically, as a debate and drama between Amans and Genius, two characters of opposing philosophies. Eventually Genius wins: "Gower . . . causes the tales to illustrate the futility of seeking earthly wisdom and the necessity of accepting divine wisdom as it is revealed in the teachings of the church." [RFY1981] Published Meindl, Robert James. A New Reading of John Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Ph.D. Dissertation. Tulane University, 1965. Dissertation Abstracts International 26.05: 2727. Restricted access at ProQuest Theses & Dissertations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Title A name given to the resource A New Reading of John Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Yoshida, Shingo. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Review Throughout his three major poems, Gower insists on the opposition of passion and reason, here defined as "Christian humanism" or "recta ratio" informed by faith. In Japanese with an English abstract. [RFY1981] Published Yoshida, Shingo. "Love and Reason in Gower's 'Confessio Amantis'." Studies in English Literature (English Literature Society of Japan) 42 (1965): 1-11. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Love and Reason in Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Ruggiers, Paul G. Published Ruggiers, Paul G. The Art of the Canterbury Tales. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1967, pp. 9, 19, 22, 180, 211-12. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Comments briefly on anti-Semitism in CA and in Chaucer's Prioress's Tale and compares Tale of Florent with the Wife of Bath's Tale. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Art of the Canterbury Tales. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Notes CA II, 2459-95 as references to "Jack Juggler." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Marienstras, R. Published Marienstras, R. "À Propos de 'Jack Juggler'." Études Anglaises 18 (1965): 167-68. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource À Propos de "Jack Juggler." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Sees Gower as less of a political satirist than Skelton, whose frequent allusions to Gower, Chaucer, and Lydgate are not wholly serious. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Fish, Stanley E. Published Fish, Stanley E. John Skelton's Poetry. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1965. Reprinted 1967, pp. 33, 231, 232 Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Skelton's Poetry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexamined. Author/Editor Author/Editor Byrd, David Gatlin, trans. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Published Ph.D. Dissertation. University of South Carolina, 1965. Abstract in Dissertation Abstracts International 28: 620A. [RFY1981]. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confessio Amantis: A Modern Prose Translation. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Weber, Edwart. Published Weber, Edwart. John Gower: Dichter einer Ethischpolitischen Reformation. Bad Homburg: Weber, 1965. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Vox Clamantis Cronica Tripertita Review Argues that Gower's works ae divisible into "moral" (MO, VC, CrT) and "amorous" (CA, CB, Traitie) groups. This particular study deals with the former, using an historical as well as a critical approach. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower: Dichter einer Ethischpolitischen Reformation. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In Japanese, with the author's summary in English: "Gower is thoroughly 'moral Gower' as Chaucer calls him, as is demonstrated evidently by his views of the world, the society, and man in the M'irour de l'Omme,' the 'Vox Clamantis,' and the 'Confessio Amantis.' In the 'Confessio Amantis' his subject is love, but he does not treat it in itself as Chaucer does, but in indivisible relationship to the Seven Deadly Sins in the Christian ethics, with his immovable faith in the human duty of avoiding vices and following virtues as his premise. So far as the love of the Lover, the hero of the 'Confessio Amantis,' is concerned, Gower is a courtly love poet following the tradition of Guillaume de Lorris, the author of the former part of the 'Roman de la Rose.' The Lover is endued with all the possible conventions of courtly love. And yet Gower does not end with being a courtly love poet. He grasps the problem of love as the conflict between 'will,' 'hope,' or 'nature' (or 'Kinde') and 'resoun,' 'wit,' or 'wisdom,' that is, as the 'hertes contek,' the psychomachia, of passion vs. reason, and regards love as the usurpation of supremacy from reason by passion. In looking upon love as natural, and exhorting us to the subordination of passion to reason, he belongs to the pedigree of the naturalistic interpretation of love by Jean de Meun, the author of the latter part of the 'Roman de la Rose.' Gower's conclusion in the epilogue of the 'Confessio Amantis' is the renunciation of love--an insight into the death of love due to age and time, an elegy of the mutability of life--and at the same time the recovery of reason. In being the abandonment of passionate love and a conversion to divine love, it is in the tradition of medieval Catholicism. Gower thinks of love as the antagonism of passion against reason, insists on the subordination of passion to reason, and finally renounces love. It means that he follows the medieval orthodox of Christian humanism, and that his "reason" is that of Christian humanism, as is the case with Milton, the earnest believer in "rational liberty." Christian humanism is the fusion of faith and reason, regarding reason--originally classical and pagan, and later Christianized--as the divine nature in a human being, the quintessence of human nature, and calling it 'right reason,' 'recta ratio' as the intellectual and par excellence moral function, the principle of right thinking and right doing. It should be added that Gower believes in the traditional view of the cosmos as the scene of a divine order, the so-called 'chain of being,' which is at the bottom of Christian humanism. From the point of view of the opposition of passion to reason centering along the medieval tradition of love continuing from the courtly love of the later Middle Ages to the romantic love of the Renaissance, Chaucer is 'truly human,' a humanist in its modern sense, in that he is a poet of both courtly love and realistic love, depicting human passion as it is, and never preaching the subordination of passion to reason, while Gower offers resistance to that tradition, believing in reason and renouncing the passion of love." [John Gower Society eJGN 41.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yoshida, Shingo. Published Yoshida, Shingo. "Love and Reason in Gower's Confessio Amantis." Eibungaku kenkyu Studies in English Literature [Japan] 42 (1965): 1-11. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Love and Reason in Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Byrd's dissertation presents a complete prose translation of the "Confessio Amantis" into Modern English, using Macaulay's edition as its base text. In doing so, it does not include translations of the earlier, Ricardian, versions of the poem, except for the dedication to Richard in the Prologue (which is covered in the introduction). The introduction gives no indication of the intended purpose or audience for the translation, though it would clearly serve well in the classroom. While each book is translated in its own chapter, and section headings generally follow Macaulay, no line numbers are given within each book, making it difficult to cross-reference with the ME original. The translation itself is quite readable, and literal, though it cannot therefore reflect much of Gower's complexity of diction. For example, In Book 1, the narrator states "loves lawe is out of reule" (1.18). Byrd translates as "love's law is beyond regulation," which, while it certainly reflects the valence of authority in the original, it nevertheless lacks the implication that love cannot also be measured, which reflects the initial invocation of the world's ever shifting scales, or balances. As Byrd points out in the Introduction, the "Middle English Dictionary" had only been completed partially through G at the time of writing, and some choices would have benefitted from that resource. In the Prologue, for example, during the narrator's discussion of the ills of the world being caused my humanity, he states "Therwhile himself stant out of here / The remenant wol noght acorde" (Prol.962-3). Byrd translates as "for while man himself remains out of joint, other things will not be in harmony" (17). While "out of joint" reflects the general notion here, the MED suggests "out of order," or "unhinged," as more literal. The Introduction and explanatory notes are minimal, running eight pages and 17-30 notes per book, respectively. [BWG. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Byrd, David Gatlin, trans. Published Byrd, David Gatlin, trans. "'Confessio Amantis': A Modern Prose Translation." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of South Carolina, 1965. Dissertation Abstracts International 28.2. Full text available at ProQuest. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Language and Word Studie Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Confessio Amantis": A Modern Prose Translation. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In relation to criticism that views Gower as primarily a stern moralist and political commentator, Pearsall writes: "The current reappraisal of Gower is doing loyal service to Gower the man, but may be doing less service to Gower the English poet" (475). In describing Gower's narrative art, Pearsall focuses on the frame narrative and exempla of the CA, the excellence of Gower's verse having been observed sufficiently by C. S. Lewis. Pearsall views the CA Prologue as a recapitulation of the themes from the MO and the VC and as a transition to the subject of love, "which is, for all its blind instinctual nature, a unitive and not a divisive principle and in which therefore the reconciliation of division may be found" (476). Indeed, "Gower, despite the fiction of the lover's confession, is not providing instruction in the art of love, but using love as the bait for instruction in the art of living" (476). Part of Gower's artistic achievement lies in his humorous and sympathetic depiction of Amans. In Pearsall's assessment, the dramatic frame in which Amans plays an important part is less organic than that of Chaucer's CT, but less flawed than that of the LGW. The only count against the frame of the CA is the presence of some long digressive passages like the discourse on false and true religion and Book 7's excursion into politics, although Pearsall is ready to admit that these sections have "external validity" (477n8). As for Gower's stories, they depend on "the initial response of imaginative sympathy to the human condition" (478). Thus, Pearsall uses the story of "Constantine and Sylvester" to show how Gower's special achievement is to embody, in Constantine's soliloquy and in the description of his thoughts and feelings, the very substance (and not just the abstract truth) of human charity and pity. Gower's constant promotion of "humane Christian values" (478) is especially visible in his adaptation of Ovidian narratives, such as the tale of "Tereus, Procne, and Philomela." Gower mutes the horrors of Ovid's version in the interest of preserving "a plausible pattern of human behavior which will be susceptible of humane moral interpretation" (478). Gower treats Procne and Philomela with sympathy and develops their metarmorphoses "with great charm and tenderness" (479). The same is true for the transformation in the tale of "Ceix and Alceone," although in the story of "Pyramus and Thisbe" Gower omits the metamorphosis, likely because he could not stomach "the image of Pyramus' blood spouting high to stain the mulberry" (480). In every story, then, Gower aims to describe a meaningful pattern of human action. He develops Thisbe's speech over Pyramus' body where she questions justice and divine providence. His Iphis takes time to explain his decision to commit suicide and Gower turns Ovid's emotionless Araxarathen into a woman who is stricken with remorse and behaves "like a lady" (481). Similarly, the story of "Canace and Machaire" produces "a sober and compassionate meditation" (481) on love and law. Gower skillfully postpones the exposure of Canace's child, so that she can have the baby with her as she writes her final letter. In fact, it is "women who draw forth Gower's largest humanity, and his most deeply effective expressions of that humanity" (481). The story of Lucrece, for example, is "perhaps his most perfect realization of womanliness" (481), and the tale of "Jason and Medea" explores Medea's love with great pathos. Gower's "success with these classical stories is due in part to his ruthlessness. He has no respect for antiquity nor for the rich resonance of its allusiveness, and no hesitation at all in re-embodying its narratives in the social and moral contexts he understands" (482-83). Only a few stories – such as those of "Orestes" and "Deianira" – refuse this recontextualization and sometimes Gower's moral betrays his own best understanding of the meaning of a particular narrative. Pearsall concludes his argument with some comparisons with Chaucer's CT that demonstrate that "Gower, by any but these, the very highest standards, is an uncommonly fine narrative poet" (484). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Pearsall, Derek Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Published Pearsall, Derek. "Gower's Narrative Art." PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 81 (1966), pp. 475-484. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's Narrative Art Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Bennet, writing in a commemorative volume for C.S. Lewis, notes that Lewis commented surprisingly little on the "ethical scheme" (106) of CA and how the poem fit within the history of the allegory of love, and paid more attention to Gower's poetic craft. Bennet aims to make up for this lack by demonstrating that Gower does not advocate a complete relinquishing of earthly love in favour of divine charity. Gower's Genius is a combination of the two characters of Genius and Nature in the Roman de la Rose (109), and becomes a spokesperson for a chaste love that finds its end in marriage and procreation. This virtuous love is frequently referred to as "honeste" (see the citations on 113-17) and is what provides Amans, and indeed the commonwealth, with true "pes" (peace). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bennett, J. A. W Published Bennett, J. A. W. "Gower's 'Honeste Love.'." In Patterns of Love and Courtesy: Essays in Memory of C. S. Lewis. Ed. Lawlor, John. London: Edward Arnold, 1966, pp. 108-120. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's 'Honeste Love.' Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Edward Arnold, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Lawlor, writing in a commemorative volume for C. S. Lewis, takes issue with Lewis's belief that Gower is at times romantic "in the nineteenth-century meaning of the word" (qtd. by Lawlor 122). Lawlor argues that Romanticism ultimately revolves around the question of belief. C. S. Lewis himself noted that the old gods must die before they can "wake again in the beauty of acknowledged myth" (qtd. by Lawlor 123). The romantic sense of a pleasing terror (an aspect of the sublime) depends on a mythology of the supernatural and magical which is known to be untrue but which is entertained by a willing suspension of disbelief, as Coleridge put it. The problem with Lewis's examples of Gower's romanticism is that in each instance there is no suspension of disbelief. For instance, Medea's magic is still considered within the realm of possibility in the medieval world. Lawlor observes that the same can be said for the famous line about the "beaute faye" (fairy beauty) upon the faces of the dead in the Tale of Rosiphilee: "That which is faye in the sense which concerns us is thought of as a possible mode of being" (134). Similarly, Lewis's examples of romanticism from the story of Nectanabus and the Tale of Ulysses and Telegonus are taken out of context. The reason why Lewis finds Gower romantic is because to him the Middle Ages appears far away in time, a realm of wonders and marvels, located at the edge of what is known: "When, in a later age, everything has been explored, desire shifts ground; and it is then that the apparatus of the old world, the monsters, the demons, all the exciting glimpses at the margin of the map, comes into new life" (137). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lawlor, John Published Lawlor, John. "On Romanticism in the Confessio Amantis." In Patterns of Love and Courtesy: Essays in Memory of C. S. Lewis. Ed. Lawlor, John. London: Edward Arnold, 1966, pp. 122-140. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Romanticism in the Confessio Amantis Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Edward Arnold, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Schueler suggests that Gower gave up the rigid organization of the first few books of the CA (esp. the five-part subdivisions of each sin) in order to create a more life-like, natural dialogue between Genius and Amans. Genius increasingly becomes "the archetype of the garrulous but wise pedant" (18) and so he is particularly given to long digressions. Genius is also no longer simply a priest of Venus. While this leads to some awkward moments in the poem, it gives Gower more scope to discuss all varieties of love as well as natural law. Although Genius is "long-winded and discursive . . . the characters in his tales never are" (21). Schueler sees Gower as "a master of the action type of story" (21). He further praises the poet for his skillful use of the octosyllabic couplet. Not only does Gower generally avoid a "jingling gait" (22), but he also manages to create a distinctive difference "between the plaintive, hurried measure of the Lover's voice and the deeper, slower voice of Genius" (22). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schueler, Donald G Published Schueler, Donald G. "Some Comments on the Structure of John Gower's Confessio Amantis." In Explorations of Literature. Ed. Reck, Rima D. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1966, pp. 15-24. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Some Comments on the Structure of John Gower's Confessio Amantis Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Louisiana State UP, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Published Tuve, Rosemond. Allegorical Imagery: Some Mediaeval Books and Their Posterity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966, pp. 57n, 80n, 81n, 92, and 114. Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Review Caxton's and Wynkyn de Worde's publicationss are important in passing on medieval works, including Gower's; Gower used penitential treatise like "Somme le Roi"; Gower opposed seven virtues to seven vices as an organizational principle in CA and MO. [RFY1981]. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Allegorical Imagery: Some Mediaeval Books and Their Posterity. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Selective and partially annotated list of Gower's works and criticism. Previous editions in 1939 and 1952. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Renwick, William. Orton, Harold. Published Renwick, William, and Harold Orton. The Beginnings of English Literature to Skelton, 1509. 3rd ed. rev. Martyn F. Wakelin. London: Cresset, 1966, pp. 279-80. Gower Subject Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Beginnings of English Literature to Skelton, 1509. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Documents and references to Gower as a law student, Chaucer's attorney, and a loan made to Gower from Gilbert Mawfield. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Crow, Martin Olson, Clair C. Published Crow, Martin, and Clair C. Olson. Chaucer Life-Records. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966, p. 12n, 54n, 60, 284, 500n, 501-02n. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Life-Records. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower has significant influence on fifteenth century literature. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Fox, Denton. Published Fox, Denton. "The Scottish Chaucerians." In Derek S. Brewer, ed. Chaucer and Chaucerians: Critical Studies in Middle English Literature (University, Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1966), pp. 166, 168-70. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Scottish Chaucerians. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower, like Chaucer, uses various phrases common to courtly poetry; Gower is more firmly in this tradition than is Chaucer. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Brewer Derek S. Published Brewer Derek S. "The Relationship of Chaucer to the English and European Traditions." Chaucer and Chaucerians: Critical Studies in Middle English Literature. University, Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1966, p. 5 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Relationship of Chaucer to the English and European Traditions. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Compares the anonymous eleventh-century "Historia Apolloni Regis Tyri," Gower's tale from CA, and Acts I-III of "Pericles," to the effect that all three show different strengths and weaknesses. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi. Published Ito, Masayoshi. "Three Versions of 'Apollonius of Tyre'." Bulletin of the College of General Education (Tohoku University) 3 (1966): 99-118. Reprinted in Ito's John Gower, The Medieval Poet (Tokyo: Shinozaki Shorin, 1976), pp. 60-79. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Three Versions of "Apollonius of Tyre," Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses Gower's treatment of sermon materials and their presence in all of his major poems. Sees sermons as one of Gower's primary sources. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Owst, G. R. Published Owst, G. R. Literature and the Pulpit in Medieval England: A Neglected Chapter in the History of English Letters and of the English People. 2nd rev. ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1966, pp. 97, 121, 187, 208, 212, 230-31, 260, 292, 353, 410, 414, 566. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Literature and the Pulpit in Medieval England: A Neglected Chapter in the History of English Letters and of the English People. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Brewer, Derek S. Published John Lawlor, ed. Patterns of Love and Courtesy: Essays in Memory of C. S. Lewis. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1966, pp. 54-85. Reprinted in Helaine Newstead, ed. Chaucer and His Contemporaries: Essays on Medieval Literature and Thought. Greenwich Conn.: Fawcett, pp. 310-35. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Review Includes Gower among the company of Chaucer, Machaut, Deschamps, Froissart, Dante, Petrarch, and Langland as poets who create a unity of an "internal" narrator/character and an external poet/artist. See particularly p. 321n. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtesy and the Gawain-Poet. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower and Chaucer are models for fifteenth-century poets like Lydgate. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Pearsall, Derek. Published Pearsall, Derek. "The English Chaucerians." In D. S. Brewer, ed. Chaucer and Chaucerians: Critical Studies in Middle English Literature (University: University of Alabama Press, 1966, pp. 222, 235. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The English Chaucerians. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review While Gower attacks court corruption, he also has a "healthy contempt" for common people. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kinney, Thomas L Published Kinney, Thomas L. "The Temper of Fourteenth-Century English Verse of Complaint." Annuale Mediaevale 7 (1966): 74-89. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Temper of Fourteenth-Century English Verse of Complaint. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's art is "grey"; his narrative instruction is an "ethical tapeworm." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Coghill, Nevill. Published Coghill, Nevill. "Chaucer's Narrative Art in the 'Canterbury Tales'." Chaucer and Chaucerians: Critical Studies in Middle English Literature. University. Edited by Derek S. Brewer (Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1966), pp. 116, 119, 120, 127, 129. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Narrative Art in the "Canterbury Tales." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower is formally indebted to the confession literature of the late Middle Ages. His impulses are all didactic. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Weber, Edwart. Published Weber, Edwart. Gower: Zur Literarischen Form seiner Dichtung. Bad Homburg: Weber, 1966. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower: Zur Literarischen Form seiner Dichtung. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Owen surveys the presence of Caesar in English literature from the early fourteenth century through Shakespeare, with particular attention to drama, including some continental works. His opening survey of medieval materials is largely taxonomic and descriptive, background material for analysis of early modern references and depictions in plays, locating references and allusions to Caesar in romances, chronicles, lists of the Nine Worthies, and moral anecdotes. His brief treatment of Gower's works (pp. 31-36) falls appropriately into the latter grouping, nested with discussions of Chaucer's, Hoccleve's, and (most extensively) Lydgate's works. For Gower, Owen tells us, Caesar "is an ideal representing various positive moral qualities worthy of emulation. No blemishes or faults are mentioned. Caesar is symbolic of the great world leader, and Gower uses him as a pattern for others . . . rather than presenting him as a complete human being" (31-2): he is idealized as a "noble ruler" of Rome in the Prologue to the "Confessio Amantis," a skillful orator in Book VII.1597 and 1615, generous and of subtle discernment in the CA accounts of "Julius and the Poor Knight" and "Cesar and the Flatterers," Book VII.2061ff. and 2449ff., respectively. Owen closes this tally by observing where Gower includes Caesar with other ancient rulers as reminders of the passing of worldly kings and kingdoms in advice given to Richard (twice in "Vox Clamantis") and to Henry ("In Praise of Peace"). [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Owen, Trevor Allen. Published Owen, Trevor Allen. "Julius Caesar in English Literature from Chaucer through the Renaissance." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Minnesota, 1966. Dissertation Abstracts International 27 (1967): 3847A. Fully accessible via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Julius Caesar in English Literature from Chaucer through the Renaissance. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prasad discusses the "nature of complaint" in late-medieval rhetoric, and maintains that "in medieval English poetry . . . complaint is used in two ways: first, it is inserted within a poem as a little oration[;] second, it is also used as a self-sufficient theme for composing a poem." The study identifies "three distinct lines of medieval English verse complaints": "social complaints" (distinct from verse satires), love complaints, and complaints which "mingl[e] . . . various forms of complaint," assessing the "Confessio Amantis" as an example of the latter, with a "point of view [that] is uncertain." When we view CA in light of "medieval English poetry" rather than the "French tradition," we can see that "Gower is the pioneer of the type of the mixed-form of the art, which, later developed as tragi-comedy." Author/Editor Author/Editor Prasad, Prajapati. Published Prasad, Prajapati. "The Order of Complaint: A Study in Medieval Tradition." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Wisconsin, Madison. Dissertation Abstracts 26.7 (1966): 3930. [eJGN 44.1] Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Order of Complaint: A Study in Medieval Tradition. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review David suggests that throughout the CT Chaucer "is dramatizing the difficulties of a poet who writes for a small and opinionated audience" (219). In the Man of Law's fragment (Part 2 of CT), Chaucer responds to the sentiment that some of the early tales have too much of "solaas," and not enough of "sentence." The Man of Law embodies these kinds of critics, who are "well-meaning, but misinformed, pedantic, and dogmatic" (219). More precisely, the Man of Law "speaks for Gower" (220), something that is evident from the resemblances between them, namely "the legal training, the sententious manner, and, most important, the didactic aesthetic" (220). Of course, the Man of Law ceases to speak for Gower when he mentions the stories about incest in the CA, but here the joke is on the Man of Law, "who only makes himself seem ridiculously prudish in professing to be more moral than the moral Gower" (220). David further suggests that while the Man of Law makes his tale as dignified and moral as possible, he is generally a man of appearances only, who ultimately prefers respectability over morality. It is this attitude that exposes his essential shallowness and highlights the true nature of his poetics. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor David, Alfred Published David, Alfred. "The Man of Law vs. Chaucer: A Case in Poetics." PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 82.2 (1967), pp. 217-225. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Man of Law vs. Chaucer: A Case in Poetics Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Schueler takes issue with the idea that "the advanced age of the Lover in the Confessio Amantis was a last-minute idea on Gower's part" (152). The opening lines of the Prologue are those of a "scholar-moralist, not a young lover" (153) and there are a number of passages that suggest that the narrator is no longer "freisshe" and "lusti" like the lady's other suitors. Gower also knew that his contemporary audience would identify the age of Amans with his own. Schueler adds that when we keep in mind the lover's age, a number of Gower's views on courtly love no longer seem haphazard or contradictory, but reveal Gower's "artistry" (152). For instance, Amans is unusual as a courtly lover because he desperately wants to be relieved from the service of love. In addition, Amans denounces chivalry (in Book 4) because he is too old to fight overseas. Yet while we are aware of Amans's old age, Gower "has saved the full impact of the revelation for the finale" (158). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schueler, Donald G Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Published Schueler, Donald G. "The Age of the Lover in Gower's Confessio Amantis." Medium AEvum 36 (1967), pp. 152-158. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource The Age of the Lover in Gower's Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Blake examines Macaulay's argument that Caxton used "at least three manuscripts of the poem [CA]" (262) for his own edition of the CA, and that the most likely copytext was Magdalen College, Oxford, 213. First, however, Blake draws attention to Caxton's claim that Gower was from Wales and notes how unusual it is for Caxton to include a table of contents for a poetic work. The latter choice, however, turns out to be an example of Caxton's "opportunism" (284), since he simply adapted Gower's Latin headings for his own table of contents. Blake then returns to his main argument and suggests that all of Caxton's text can be found in third recension MSS (Blake calls this the "intermediate recension"). The problem, nevertheless is that "these features are not to be all found in the same manuscript" (288). Despite this difficulty, Blake suggests that "the balance or probability favours the view that Caxton had only one manuscript" (203). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Blake, N. F Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Published Blake, N. F. "Caxton's Copytext of Gower's Confessio Amantis." Anglia 85 (1967), pp. 282-293. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource Caxton's Copytext of Gower's Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In Japanese. Out of the 297 examples of paronomasia found by Ito in the entire VC, 31 are included in the lines borrowed or imitated from such authoritative texts as Ovid's poetry, Peter de Riga's "Aurora," Nigel de Longchamps's "Speculum Stultorum," Gregory the Great's "Cura Pastoralis," and the Vulgate Bible; the rest are Gower's own inventions. Although there are cases in which paronomasia is used merely for the sake of rhetorical ornamentation, Ito finds many instances where this rhetorical device, through its witty juxtaposition of words that are similar in sound but opposite in meaning, becomes an effective means of expressing the conflicts and contradictions that beset English society in Gower's time. Ito thus argues that paronomasia is an important element of Gower's Latin style that he employs to enhance the impact of his social and moral satire in the VC. [Yoshiko Kobayashi; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi Published Ito, Masayoshi. "Paronomasia in 'Vox Clamantis'." Bulletin of College of General Education, Tohoku University 6 (1967), pp. 21-35. [ISSN 0287-8844]. English version in Ito's John Gower, The Medieval Poet (Tokyo: Shinozaki Shorin, 1976), pp. 199-213. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paronomasia in "Vox Clamantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Beer's is the first (alphabetically) of three essays from Palmer and Kimmelman's collection of studies of the importance of Machaut's "Jugement dou roy de Behaigne" and "Jugement dou roy de Navarre" as models not just for the works of his immediate successors but also, more provocatively, for aspects of the modern novel. Both "Behaigne" and CA, Beer argues, like the earlier love-debate poetry from which both derive, are "centrally concerned with a conflict between idealism and pragmatism" (217) and "between two views of love: one that sees it as aligned with virtue, and one that sees it as aligned with immoral or amoral carnal desire" (218). And like such debate poetry, which typically leaves the final judgment to the reader, both poets make large concessions to both opposing views though finally tilting in favor of a more strictly orthodox moral position. In his discussion of "Behaigne," Beer insists on the priority given to the role of Reason, who dismisses all love as "charnel affection" (taking issue with the reviewer's account of the moral bearings of the poem), and he argues that Genius' final dismissal of love in Book 8 is anticipated by earlier assessments of the moral status of love during Amans' confession, though neither Joenesce (in "Behaigne") nor Amans is held to be completely in error. "Gower, like Machaut, offers the inevitable moral conclusion on love, but also acknowledges the appeal of the un-arbitrated 'jeu-parti' that allows us to believe that the debate--along with love, poetry, and the imaginative realm in which these things operate--can go on perpetually. What is at issue here is nothing less than the appeal of 'this lyves lust.' Machaut and Gower invest sympathetically in the idea that such worldly pleasure can be idealized and given enduring value, and the energy and persistence of this fantasy constitutes a significant part of these poems' appeal. It is a fantasy, nonetheless, because both poets also figure the attempt to align love with virtue as essentially futile. Both the 'Behaigne' and the 'Confessio' make this point clearly and conclusively: earthly love, they say, simply is carnal and sinful, and therefore can never can be an adequate substitute for, or (on its own) a sufficient means of attaining, any form of salvation" (237). [PN. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 37.1]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Beer, Lewis. Published Beer, Lewis. "Polarized Debates, Ambivalent Judgments: The 'Jugement Behaigne' and the 'Confessio Amantis'." In R Barton Palmer, and Burt Kimmelman, eds. Machaut's Legacy: The Judgment Poetry Tradition in the Later Middle Ages and Beyond (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2017), pp. 217-39. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polarized Debates, Ambivalent Judgments: The "Jugement Behaigne" and the "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Reprints "Apollonius of Tyre" from Macaulay (1899-1902), with glosses on bottom of page; brief introduction (pp. xx-xxii) on style. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Stevick, Robert D., ed. Published Stevick, Robert D., ed. Five Middle English Narratives. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1967, pp. 37-97. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Five Middle English Narratives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review On Gower-Chaucer connections and mutual influences. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Crawford, William R. Published Crawford, William R. Bibliography of Chaucer, 1954-63. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1967, pp. 7, 32, 45, 46, 111. Gower Subject Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bibliography of Chaucer, 1954-63. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A general broad-ranging study of Middle English, in which Gower figures from time to time as an example of late fourteenth-century London writing. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Clark, John W. Published Clark, John W. Early English: A Study of Old and Middle English. 2nd ed., rev. London: Andre Deutsch, 1967, pp. 14-41, 148. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early English: A Study of Old and Middle English. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower used the allegorical account from the "Aurora" of Peter Riga for descriptions of birds in VC as follows: the eagle and the griffin, "Aurora," Lev., 635-42/VC, VI, 985-92; kite, 647-48/V, 101-02; vulture, 655-58/V, 537-40; crow, 659-60/IV, 305-10; ostrich, 667-72/IV,1059-64; owl, 673-76/VI, 95-98; hawk, 683-86/VI, 719-22; screech-owl, 687-94/III, 1693-1700; cormorant, 695-98/III, 1587-90; and bat, 735-40/VI, 89-94. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Beichner, Paul E. Published Beichner, Paul E. "The Allegorical Interpretation of Medieval Literature." PMLA 82 (1967): 33-38. Reprinted in Helaine Newstead, ed. Chaucer and His Contemporaries: Essays on Medieval Literature and Thought (Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett, 1968), pp. 112-23. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Allegorical Interpretation of Medieval Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Compares Gower's version of the Tale of Constance to Chaucer's and Trivet's; compares "Florent" with "Wife of Bath's Tale"; compares "Manciple's Tale" to Gower's version; thinks Gower has a social conscience. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Schaar, Claes. Published Schaar, Claes. The Golden Mirror: Studies in Chaucer's Descriptive Technique and Its Literary Background. Lund: Cleerup, 1967, pp. 13, 68-70, 89, 90, 101, 223-24. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Golden Mirror: Studies in Chaucer's Descriptive Technique and Its Literary Background. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Mentions that Gower used Ovid and the tradition of the "Roman de la Rose" in his Tale of Narcissus in CA, Book I, and notes that self-love is not a concern in this tale; does not mention the Tale of Echo in Book V. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Vinge, Louise. Published Vinge, Louise. The Narcissus Theme in Western European Literature up to the Early Nineteenth Century. Lund: Gleerup, 1967, pp. 45ff., 55, 343n, 359n. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Narcissus Theme in Western European Literature up to the Early Nineteenth Century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Mainzer, H. C. Published Mainzer, H. C. A Study of the Sources of the Confessio Amantis. D. Phil. Thesis. University of Oxford, 1967. Unrestricted access at https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c2a3c312-a4ff-4873-b9c8-e98701c107e8; accessed August 1, 2022 [N.B. This is a large file]. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review In his abstract, Mainzer identifies his goals as to "sift and collate work done on sources and analogues" of CA and "bring to light sources and analogues not previously noted." Extensive exploration of the sources of CA and the various traditions in which it participates--its framing techniques and organizational devices, individual tales, and thematic patterns. Concludes with a list of "Some of the books likely to have been used by Gower in writing" CA, with perceptive comments on his reading. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Study of the Sources of the Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A comparison of Shakespeare's version of the Apollonius of Tyre story with Gower's, with a conclusion that Shakespeare could have found a "wise and learned hero" in CA. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Greenfield, Thelma. Published Greenfield, Thelma. "A Re-examination of 'Patient' Pericles." Shakespeare Studies 3 (1967): 51-61. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Re-examination of 'Patient' Pericles. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Spenser's Genius in "The Faerie Queene" is the Genius of CA. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lewis, C. S. Published Lewis, C. S. Spenser's Images of Life. Ed. by Alastair Fowler. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967, p. 57. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spenser's Images of Life. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Shows how the gods of love are treated in the School of Chartres, Alanus de Insulis, Jean de Meun, Ovid, and courtly love tradition. Gods are basically negative for Gower, but also sometime represent Caritas as well as Cupiditas. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Williams, Lynn Flinckinger. Published Williams, Lynn Flinckinger. "The Gods of Love in Ancient and Medieval Literature as Background of John Gower's 'Confessio Amantis'." Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, 1967. Dissertation Abstracts International 28 A4193. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Gods of Love in Ancient and Medieval Literature as Background of John Gower's "Confessio Amantis" Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Citations of Skelton's praise of Gower, along with Chaucer and Lydgate. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Carpenter, Nan C. Published Carpenter, Nan C. John Skelton. New York: Twayne, 1967, pp. 62, 104, 112. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Skelton. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "The purpose of this study is to compare the narrative and framing techniques used by Geoffrey Chaucer and John Gower. These authors were selected for several reasons. Being contemporaries, they lived through the days of the reign of Richard II, his deposition, and the accession of Henry IV. This was a time change: the age of chivalry and true knighthood was ending; the middle class was establishing commerce, towns, guilds; openly and violently the peasants were beginning to reject their servile positions; the corruption within the organized church was being publicly exposed, and efforts, believed heretical by some, were being made to effect its purification. The discussion … will be limited to the major work of each author. For Gower this is the Confessio Amantis, his only English work of any length; for Chaucer it is the Canterbury Tales, which, incomplete as it is, is generally accepted as the crown jewel of medieval English literature. The discussion will be limited further to the framing and linking devices and to the four tales which appear in both books: 'Constance' (Man of Law's tale), 'Florent' (Wife of Bath's tale), 'Phebus and Cornide' (Manciple's tale), and 'Virginia' (Physician's tales)." [eJGN 43.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Byerly, Margaret Joan. Published Byerly, Margaret Joan. "A Comparison of Two Medieval Story-Tellers: Geoffrey Chaucer and John Gower." M.A. Thesis, University of the Pacific, 1967. Available at https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/1630. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Comparison of Two Medieval Story-Tellers: Geoffrey Chaucer and John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Genius introduces the story of Virginia in Book 7 of the CA with the words "rihtwisnesse and lecherie / Acorden noght in compaignie / With him that hath the lawe on honde" (7.5125-27). Hoffman suggests that Gower is here paraphrasing Ovid's Metamorphoses 2.846-47: "Non bene convenient nec in una sede morantur / Maiestas et amor" (Majesty and love do not get along well together, nor do they dwell in the same place) (qtd on 127). Ovid's point that erotic passion and majestic dignity are incompatible is made in connection with Jove's advances on Europa. Since Ovid's proverb was "perhaps more frequently quoted in the Middle Ages than any other lines of the famous 'Ovidius ethicus,'" Gower's conscious borrowing is "scarcely surprising" (128). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hoffman, Richard L Published Hoffman, Richard L. "An Ovidian Allusion in Gower." American Notes and Queries 6 (1968), pp. 127-128. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Ovidian Allusion in Gower Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review To reveal something of Gower's artistry, Esch looks at the Tale of Rosiphelee, the Tale of Albinus and Rosemund, and the Tale of Constance. The Tale of Rosiphelee is indicative of Gower's aims in the CA, since it promotes marriage, rather than just courtly love. Rosiphelee's vision of the ladies on horses is full of tension and suspense, and the narrator's easy transitions in point of view provide rich psychological insights into Rosiphelee's mind. In the second narrative, Gower makes Albinus much more in love with Rosemund. Whereas Gottfried of Viterbo (Gower's source) focuses on the curse that follows Albinus' actions, Gower primarily sees Albinus' boasting as a breach of the law of love. More attention is thus given to the feast, to the magical artwork on the cup made from Gurmond's skull, and to the dramatic moment when Albinus cryptically asks Rosemund to drink with her father. Albinus here conflates his victory in battle with a victory in love, and so in boasting he plays herald to himself. The rest of the tale – with its focus on fortune, discord, and the "wylde loves rage" (CA 1. 2620) – is entirely a "Tragödie der Liebe" ("Love tragedy"; 225). Finally, Esch compares Gower's Tale of Constance with the versions by Trivet and Chaucer. Gower creates unity by making the various episodes parallel with one another and by occasional foreshadowing of later events. Whereas Chaucer opens the tale by giving much more social context and background and initially makes Constance known less for her piety than for her beauty, Gower is more focused and abstract in his narration. In fact, Gower "erwähnt kaum ein Detail, das nicht direct mit der Handlung verknüpft ist" ("mentions hardly a detail which is not directly tied to his plot"; 233). Gower creates less pathos than Gower and separates Constance from her world by making her "einsamer, größer, unsentimentaler" ("more lonely, larger, less sentimental"; 234). Chaucer mixes irony with saintliness, but Gower is completely focused on creating a saint's legend. Still, Gower occasionally introduces brief psychological insights, as when we see Allee's thoughtfulness in dealing with Domilde's crimes (a moment which leads to a more judicial trial and punishment). Thus, Gower shows great skill in the construction of narratives, even though his artistry may not be as exceptional as Chaucer's. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Esch, Arno Published Esch, Arno. "John Gowers Erzahlkunst." In Chaucer und seine Zeit: Symposion fur Walter F. Schirmer. Ed. Esch, Arno. Tübingen: Neimeyer, 1968, pp. 207-239. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gowers Erzahlkunst Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Neimeyer, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prints selections from CA, MO, VC, CB, and "In Praise of Peace" as below; reprinted from Macaulay (1899-1902), with good introduction, notes, glossary, and selected bibliography. From CA: Book I, 1-288, including Latin verses, except between 202-03; "Florent," Book I, 1407-1861; "Canace," Book III, 143-356; "Idleness in Love, Rosiphelee, Love and Arms," Book IV, 1083-1501; 1615-1770; "Lover's Wakefulness, Ceix and Alceone, Cephalus' Prayer," Book IV, 2771-3258; "Jason and Medea," Book V, 3247-4174; "Tereus and Progne," Book V, 5551-6047; "Confessor's Final Counsel, Lover's Prayer and Dream, Lover's Healing and Farewell to Love," Book VIII, 2013-3114. From MO: lines 841-948, 29005-45. From VC: I, 783-816; V, 735-86; VII, 545-66; 637-60; 1289-1302. From CB: 34, 35, 36. From "In Praise of Peace": lines 99-133, 218-24, and 379-85. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Bennett, J. A. W., ed. Published Bennett, J. A. W., ed. Selections from John Gower. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Vox Clamantis Cinkante Balades In Praise of Peace Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Selections from John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prints "Medea Restores Eson's Youth," CA, Book V, 3945-4174, reprinting Macaulay. Excellent linguistic notes, glossary. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Mossé, Fernand. Walker, James A., trans. Published Mossé, Fernand. A Handbook of Middle English. 5th ed., rev. Translated by James A. Walker. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968, pp. 313-23. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Handbook of Middle English. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Introduction includes life and language study; glosses at side page, with no Latin except where specified. Reprints Macaulay (1899-1902) as follows: Prints CA Prologue, Latin head, 1-1088. Book 1, Latin head, 1-444; prose summary 445-593; 594-629; prose summary 630-54; 655-72; prose summary 673-760; 761-1071; prose summary 1072-1406; 1407-1875; prose summary 1876-2020; 2021-2366; prose summary 2367-2458; 2457-2661; prose summary 2662-2953; 2954-3042; prose summary 3043-67; 3068-3446. Book II, prose summary 1-38; 39-60; prose summary 61-243; 244-53; prose summary 254-90; 291-372; prose summary 373-596; 597-1603; prose summary 1604-1751; 1752-59; prose summary 1760-1861;1862-65; prose summary 1866-96; 1897-1909; prose summary 1910-68; 1969-84; prose summary 1985-2144; 2145-2317; prose summary 2318-3023; 3024-37; prose summary 3038-94; 3095-3104; prose summary 3105-97; 3198-3530. Book III, prose summary 1-26; 27-31; prose summary 32-115; 116-29; prose summary 130-42; 143-380; prose summary 381-423; 424-65; prose summary 466-584; 585-92; prose summary 593-643; 644-98; prose summary 699-792; 793-817; prose summary 818-1200; 1201-1494; prose summary 1495-1884; 1885-2200; prose summary 2201-09; 2210-40; prose summary 2241-2774. Book IV, prose summary 1-76; 77-142; prose summary 143-370; 371-445; prose summary 446-730; 731-886; prose summary 887-1121; 1122-1223; prose summary 1224-44; 1245-1501; prose summary 1502-2244; 2245-56; prose summary 2257-68; 2269-91; prose summary 2292-2308; 2309-38; prose summary 2339-2580; 2581-96; prose summary 2597-2926; 2927-3123; prose summary 3124-3514; 3515-3692; prose summary 3693-3712. Book V, prose summary 1-634; 635-728; prose summary 729-1276; 1277-1302; prose summary 1303-2645; 2646-2825; prose summary 2826-2960; 2961-3201; prose summary 3202-46; 3247-4229; prose summary 4230-4936; 4937-5162; prose summary 5163-5230; 5231-5495; prose summary 5496-5550; 5551-6058; prose summary 6059-6806; 6807-6935; prose summary 6936-7844. Book VI, prose summary 1-1390; 1391-2366; prose summary 2367-2440. Book VII, prose summary 1-1722; 1723-44; prose summary 1745-2694; 2695-2764; prose summary 2765-4592; 4593-5365; prose summary 5366-5438. Book VIII, prose summary 1-270; 271-2008; prose summary 2009-2216; 2217-3172; Latin conclusion. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Peck, Russell A., ed. Published Peck, Russell A., ed. Confessio Amantis. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1968. Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Biography of Gower Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968