5 100 2176 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower was a friend of Chaucer; list of works. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Frahne, Karl H. Published Frahne, Karl H. Von Chaucer bis Shaw: Eine Einfuhrung in die Literatur Englands. Hamburg: J. P. Toth, 1947, pp. 25, 29, 31. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Von Chaucer bis Shaw: Eine Einfuhrung in die Literatur Englands. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Thorpe, Lewis Published Thorpe, Lewis. "A Source of the Confessio Amantis." Modern Language Review 43 (1948), pp. 175-181. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Review Thorpe finds an analogue for the Tale of the False Bachelor (from Book 2 of the CA) in the story "Annulus," a brief exemplum told by the Empress in the thirteenth-century romance Le Roman de Marques de Rome. The Marques is a sequel of sorts to The Seven Sages of Rome, a tale collection Gower and Chaucer both borrowed from. Most extant manuscripts of the Marques also include the Seven Sages, and so it seems quite likely that Gower drew upon it directly, and did not consult a shared parent source. Thorpe provides a detailed parallel transcription of tale and source and notes some striking similarities in phrasing. Notable differences, on the other hand, include the intended moralitas or frame, the fact that Gower's version goes on for another 67 lines (describing the Bachelor's punishment), and the greater preoccupation of the Marques with aspects of contemporary warfare. Despite these differences, Gower's general indebtedness is clearly evident. [CvD] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Source of the Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Stillwell explicates Gower's allusions to contemporary politics in the MO's section on kingship. Gower's opposition to taxing the clergy, for instance, makes sense in the light of recent events. When after a considerable truce the war with the French was renewed in 1369, the need to raise funds led to calls in the parliament of 1371 to tax the Church. Gower also expresses disapproval of Edward III's favourites, and particularly of his mistress, Alice Perrers. Stillwell demonstrates how the MO reworks the apocryphal story of "King, Wine, Woman and Truth" to castigate women who corrupt kings. Whereas in Book 7 of the CA the same story provides a more positive treatment of women (naturally, given the work's focus on courtly love), the MO only describes the woman who subjects the king to servitude. Stillwell next turns to the Chronicon Angliae, 1328-1388 to historicize Gower's commentary and provide a sketch of contemporary opinion on Alice Perrers and the Lancastrian party that supported her. Edward III is further compared negatively to Gower's King David. Whereas the good shepherd David removed the mangy sheep in his flock from the bad, Edward did nothing to halt the corruption of his court. Whereas David was a good harpist, Edward, in an image found in a contemporary sermon, allowed Alice Perrers to string a jarring melody. In fact, Gower suggests that if Edward wants to conquer the French then he should first fix the discord created by his bad harping at home (MO 22959-68). Gower's sympathies are thus with the Black Prince, with Peter de la Mare (imprisoned by the Gaunt-Perrers faction), and with the citizens of London (who opposed the Lancastrian party). Support for this view is found in the MO's mercantile and bourgeois bias. On the other hand, since Gower shows little direct partisanship, his criticism is invaluable for historians interested in making an ethical judgment of the main political figures of the 1370s. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Stillwell, Gardiner Published Stillwell, Gardiner. "John Gower and the Last Years of Edward III." Studies in Philology 45 (1948), pp. 454-471. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Backgrounds and General Criticism Biography of Gower Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower and the Last Years of Edward III Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Bland considers Gower's artistic merits by looking at three stories: the tales of Ceix and Alceone (Book 4), Jason and Medea (Book 5), and Lucrece (Book 7). The first of these stories demonstrates Gower's skill in linking all scenes with natural transitions: "Gower is forced into using none of the clichés which Chaucer employs in linking the parts of his version" (286). Gower is also less melodramatic, avoids digressions, and prefers action over conversation and thought. At the same time, he includes some "delightful" (287) poetic touches, as when he describes the floor of Sleep's house as being strewn with dreams (287). The story of Jason and Medea further demonstrates Gower's "metrical skill" (287). His use of the caesura and enjambment results in lines that show "briskness and vigour" (287). Gower's "unadorned directness of style" (288) lacks Chaucer's "frequent brutal abruptness" (287) and demonstrates instead the clarity and polite speech of aristocratic society. Not only does Gower show "classical" (288) restraint where Chaucer has "tap-room vigour" (288), but Gower is also a romantic. He loves exotic and mysterious locations and he is deeply interested in Medea's magic. In describing the latter, Gower quickens the pace by introducing trochaic lines among the iambic ones. Lastly, the tale of Jason and Medea reveals Gower's mastery of the verse paragraph (288). In the next section, Bland compares Gower's tale of Lucrece with Shakespeare's version. Where Shakespeare's story is "a psychological study" (289), Gower focuses on action. Bland observes that "at the time when Gower wrote men were not in position to understand fully the nuances of character and of personal relationships, except under the guise of allegory" (289). Bland ends with some comments on the framework of the CA. Given courtly love's conventional emphasis on adulterous passion, it is inevitable that Book 8 is a kind of recantation. However, Gower becomes anti-climactic when he follows up his revelation of Amans's old age with a didactic prayer for the state of England. Gower's flaw, then, is that he is a good teller of stories, but lacks the "genius" and "intelligence to support a long poem" (290). He ranks second to Chaucer as "a master of a plain style" (290), despite the fact that he is often merely prosaic. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bland, D. S Published Bland, D. S. "The Poetry of John Gower." English 6 (1948), pp. 286-290. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Poetry of John Gower Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Quotes Gower to show the use of "disour" for "jester"; also quotes Gower to prove that people sang lyrics written by English poets such as himself and Chaucer. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Pattison, Bruce. Published Pattison, Bruce. Music and Poetry of the English Renaissance. London: Methuen, 1948, pp. 28, 30-31 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Music and Poetry of the English Renaissance. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Bland, D. S. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and LIterary Relations Review Attempts to reassess Gower's importance to English letters, particularly in relation to Chaucer. [RFY1981] Published Bland, D. S. "Gower and His Critics." Journal of South-West Essex Technical College and School of Art 2 (December, 1948): 198-202. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower and His Critics. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues that Gower's speeches in "Pericles" are by Shakespeare, and in imitation of CA. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Craig, Hardin. Published Craig, Hardin. "Shakespeare's Bad Poetry." Shakespeare Survey I. London, 1948, pp. 51-56. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shakespeare's Bad Poetry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography, with commentary on works, relations with other poets and later influence; Gower "not a great poet . . . an earnest man with a message for his times." [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Baugh, Albert C. Published Baugh, Albert C. A Literary History of England. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1948, pp. 142, 264-66, 288, 315, 317-18, 323, 347, 421. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Biography of Gower Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Literary History of England. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's eight-syllable line is suitable only for the barest narrative; CA is "hamstrung" by the attempt to join love and the confession form. Author/Editor Author/Editor Coghill, Nevill. Published Coghill, Nevill. The Poet Chaucer. London: Oxford University Press, 1949. Reprinted with selective reading lists, 1950, 1955, 1960; with corrections, 1961, 1964, pp. 54, 114. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Poet Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexmined. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Queenan, J. A., trans. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Published Queenan, J., trans. "A Translation from Latin into English of the Third Book of John Gower's Vox Clamantis." Ph.D. Dissertation. Rutgers University, 1949. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 Title A name given to the resource A Translation from Latin into English of the Third Book of John Gower's Vox Clamantis. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Coghill, Nevill. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Gower's CA is a collection of stories within a framework, as is the "Canterbury Tales"; Gower, however, tries unsuccessfully to link together incompatibles of Christianity and courtly love. Chaucer is wise not to do this. [RFY1981] Published Coghill, Nevill. "The Prologue to the 'Canterbury Tales'." In The Poet Chaucer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1949, pp. 85-94. Reprinted in Helaine Newstead. ed. Chaucer and His Contemporaries: Essays on Medieval Literature and Thought. Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett, 1968, pp. 164-73. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 Title A name given to the resource The Prologue to the "Canterbury Tales'." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Skelton thought of Gower as a model of the laureated poet, along with Chaucer and Lydgate. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Edwards, H. L. R. Published Edwards, H. L. R. Skelton: The Life and Times of an Early Tudor Poet. London: Jonathan Cape, 1949, pp. 35, 228. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skelton: The Life and Times of an Early Tudor Poet. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Bennett compares Gower's tale of "Ceix and Alceone" with its analogue in Ovid's Metamorphoses (Book 11) and with Caxton's 1480 translation of Ovid. Gower turns Juno's injunction to Iris (to visit the cave of Morpheus) into indirect speech, describes Iris's "velamina mille colorum" as a "Reyny Cope ... begon with colours of diverse hewe," and glosses "ebenus" as "that slepi tree." Caxton, three years before he would print the CA, makes the same changes in his retelling of Ovid, and even borrows the exact phrasing of these details from Gower. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bennett, J. A. W Published Bennett, J. A. W. "Caxton and Gower." Modern Language Review 45.2 (1950), pp. 215-216. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Caxton and Gower Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "Le Songe Vert" is a dream vision poem extant in two manuscripts – one in France and one in the Spalding MS that belonged to Henry Despenser, the crusading bishop of Norwich. In its focus on a grieving lover who must learn to love again, "Le Songe Vert" has some similarities with Chaucer's "Book of the Duchess." Seaton argues that it was likely written for Richard II, after his wife Anne of Bohemia died in 1394. It may have been written by Froissart, who arrived in England in 1395, but Seaton feels that Gower is a slightly more probable candidate for authorship. Seaton suggests that Gower, as "a poet of talent rather than of genius" (9), was likely to recycle poetic material, and so she lists a number of passages in Gower's known works that mirror (or invert) "Le Songe Vert." Seaton also feels that Gower's easy and graceful octosyllabic couplet perfected in the CA is stylistically similar to the French poem: "the light swift turn of dialogue, the unaffected handling of situations without overemphasis, these are common to both poems" (12). The fact that the poem survives in so few MSS is likely due to Gower's later change in allegiance from Richard II to Henry IV. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Seaton, Ethel Published Seaton, Ethel. "Le Songe Vert: Its occasion of writing and its author." Medium AEvum 19 (1950), pp. 1-16. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Le Songe Vert: Its occasion of writing and its author Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Preliminary study for Dwyer's essay of 1951. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Dwyer, John B. Published Dwyer, John B. The Tradition of Medieval Manuals of Religious Instruction in the Poems of John Gower, with Special Reference to the Development of the "Book of Virtues. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of North Carolina, 1950. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tradition of Medieval Manuals of Religious Instruction in the Poems of John Gower, with Special Reference to the Development of the "Book of Virtues." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexamined. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Neville, Marie E. Published Neville, Marie E. The Vulgate and Gower's Confessio Amantis. Ph.D. Dissertation. Ohio State University, 1950. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Vulgate and Gower's Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Craig, Hardin. Published Craig, Hardin. A History of English Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1950, pp. 45, 52, 73, 84, 139, 140, 144-46, 155. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Biography of Gower Review Brief, useful biography; Gower's was Chaucer's friend, and a moral poet; Gower was well-read by contemporaries, but un-read now because he is second-rate. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A History of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Published Thomas, Mary Edith. Medieval Skepticism and Chaucer: An Evaluation of the Skepticism of the 13th and 14th centuries of Geoffrey Chaucer and his Immediate Predecessors--An Era That Looked Back on An Age of Faith and Forward to An Age of Reason. New York: Williams Frederick, 1950. Reprint. New York: Cooper Square, 1971, pp. 5, 30, 70-72, 108, 109-10, 113, 118, 120, 130 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Argues that Gower satirized clergy; used "Gesta Romanorum"; was not skeptical about astrology; was piously superior to merchants. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medieval Skepticism and Chaucer: An Evaluation of the Skepticism of the 13th and 14th centuries of Geoffrey Chaucer and his Immediate Predecessors--An Era That Looked Back on An Age of Faith and Forward to An Age of Reason. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Cites Milton's reference to CA II, 3475-96, in "An Apology Against a Pamphlet Called a Modest Confutation Against Smectymnuus." [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Jochums, Milford C., ed. Published Jochums, Milford C., ed. John Milton's "An Apology." Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1950, pp. 210. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Milton's "An Apology." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower as an example of a "vein of pessimism," discoverable in medieval thought; uses scholastic methods of structure; argues that Chaucer's "Troilus" was written prior to 1377 because Gower seems to allude to it in the MO. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Tatlock, J. S. P. Published Tatlock, J. S. P. The Mind and Art of Chaucer. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1950. Reprint. New York: Gordian Press, 1966, pp. 19, 27, 51. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Mind and Art of Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief reference to Gower as a poet contemporary with Chaucer; Gower is a serious poet; unlike Gower, Chaucer does not use stereotyped descriptions. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lawrence, William W. Published Lawrence, William W. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1950. 4th printing, 1964, pp. 24. 27, 31, 57, 70. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Dwyer agrees with Elfreda Fowler that no single manual on the vices and virtues can account for all the contents of Gower's MO. However, he rejects "her judgment on the relative closeness of the Somme des Vices et Vertus and the Miroir du Monde to Gower's Mirour" (483). The existence of two passages in the MO that are borrowed from the Somme shows that the latter work is a closer analogue to Gower than the Miroir du Monde. The first passage is an extended treatment of fear ("Paour"), a subdivision of Humility (lines 11293-472 of the MO). The inclusion of certain verses from Helinand's Vers de la Mort in both texts proves the indebtedness to the Somme. The second shared characteristic is "the allegory involving the Beast of the Apocalypse" (497). Both the MO and the Somme offer a unique interpretation of the Beast's seven heads as the Seven Deadly Sins, a configuration that is unusual in the patristic and medieval tradition. On the other hand, while Gower preferred the Somme over the Miroir, he did generally employ an eclectic manner of composition. As proof of this tendency, Dwyer points to the VC, written in Cento, and to the tale of "Pyramus and Thisbe" in the CA, where Gower likely borrowed from, and adapted, multiple sources. There is therefore no need to posit a single parent source to explain Gower's eclectic borrowings in the MO, as Fowler does. Moreover, an eye must also be had for Gower's originality. He is both more rigid in his subdivisions of the virtues and vices, and more lax in his treatment of some of them (his narrow understanding of Temperance being but one example). Dwyer therefore concludes that one "should more reasonably suspect a rather free use of collections and florilegia on Gower's part than a plundering of a single source" (488). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Dwyer, J. B Published Dwyer, J. B. "Gower's Mirour and its French Sources: A Re-examination of Evidence." Studies in Philology 48 (1951), pp. 482-505. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's Mirour and its French Sources: A Re-examination of Evidence Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Associates CA as a type with "The Fables of Bidpai" and the "Disciplina Clericalis," as a poem with a moral, a framework, and illustrative tales. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Clawson, W. H. Published Clawson, W. H. "The Framework of the Canterbury Tales." University of Toronto Quarterly 20 (1951): 137-54. Reprinted in "Chaucer: Modern Essays in Criticism." Edited by Edward Wagenknecht. New York: Oxford University Press, 1959, pp 3-22. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Framework of the Canterbury Tales. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexamined; in Japanese. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kuriyagawa, Fumio. Published Kuriyagawa, Fumio. English Literature and Languages in the Middle Ages. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1951. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature and Languages in the Middle Ages. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Malone, Kemp. Published Malone, Kemp. Chapters on Chaucer. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1951. Reprint. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979, pp. 141-42 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Review Mentions the dedication of "Troilus" to Gower and Strode as possible evidence of Chaucer's moral habit of mind. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chapters on Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexamnined. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Oyama, Toshiko. Published Oyama, Toshiko. A Comparative Study of Chaucer and Gower. M.A. Thesis. The Ohio State University, 1951 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Comparative Study of Chaucer and Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief assessment of Gower as a friend and contemporary of Chaucer; a multilingual poet; a moralist. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kuriyagawa, Fumio. Published Kuriyagawa, Fumio. Chusei no Eibungaku to Eigo. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1951, pp. 271-77. English title: Middle English and Middle English Literature. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chusei no Eibungaku to Eigo. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Neville responds to Leo Henkin's suggestion in "The Carbuncle in the Adder's Head," that the story of "Aspidis the Serpent" from Book 1 of the CA is based on two separate legends from folklore. Neville demonstrates that the combination of these stories did not originate with Gower, but with Brunetto Latini's "Li Livres dou Tresor," Gower's immediate source. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Neville, Marie Published Neville, Marie. "Gower's Serpent and the Carbuncle." Notes and Queries 197 (1952), pp. 225-226. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's Serpent and the Carbuncle Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A close, clear translation of VC, with excellent introduction and notes. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Stockton, Eric W., Jr., trans. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Published Stockton, Eric W., Jr., trans. "A Translation of John Gower's Vox Clamantis, with an Introduction and Notes." Ph.D. Dissertation. Harvard University, 1952. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952 Title A name given to the resource A Translation of John Gower's Vox Clamantis, with an Introduction and Notes. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Pei, Mario. Published Pei, Mario. The Story of English. Philadelphia and New York: Lippincott, 1952, p. 58. Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Review Caxton made Gower's work available to English readers. [RFY1981]. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Story of English. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Refers to Thomas Speght's (1598) claim that Gower and Chaucer were together as the Inns of Court, and Edith Rickert's (1923) assessment of it; then questions the reliability of Speght's sources, and the nature of the Inns of Court as a place for Chaucer, and presumably for Gower also. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bland, D. S. Published Bland, D. S. "Chaucer and the Inns of Court: A Reexamination." English Studies 33 (1952): 145-55. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and the Inns of Court: A Reexamination. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography of Gower and assessment of his works; modern artist's conception of a portrait of Gower, perhaps based upon manuscript illustrations.[RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Kunitz, Stanley, ed. Haycraft, Howard, ed. Published Kunitz, Stanley, and Howard Haycraft, eds. British Authors Before 1900, A Biographical Dictionary. New York: H. W. Wilson, 1952, pp. 129-31. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource British Authors Before 1900, A Biographical Dictionary. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexamined. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Mahoney, J. F. Published Mahoney, J. F. "An Examination of Exempla Adapted from Ovid by John Gower for the Confessio Amantis." M.A. Thesis. University of Detroit, 1952. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Examination of Exempla Adapted from Ovid by John Gower for the Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Preston, Raymond. Published Preston, Raymond. Chaucer. New York and London: Sheed & Ward, 1952, pp. 111, 137n, 140, 142ff., 196, 201, 247, 295f. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Compares Chaucer's and Gower's stories of Lucrece, Ariadne, and Philomela, with brief comments on Ovid's versions; Chaucer is not a social satirist, as is Gower. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Considers Gower, like Chaucer, as a background to and influence on Lydgate, particularly in choice of themes and handling of French source material. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schirmer, Walter F. Keep, Ann E., trans. Published Schirmer, Walter F. John Lydgate: Ein Kulturbild aus dem 15. Jahrhundert. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1952. Translated by Ann E. Keep, as John Lydgate: A Study in the Culture of the Fifteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961, pp. 33-36, 44, 71, 151, 169, 248n, 255-57. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Lydgate: Ein Kulturbild aus dem 15. Jahrhundert. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexamined [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Siegmund-Schultze, Dorothea. Published Siegmund-Schultze, Dorothea. "Gesellschaftwissenschaftsliche Beitrage zu John Gower." Ph.D. Dissertation. Leipzig University, 1952. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gesellschaftwissenschaftsliche Beitrage zu John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The stated purpose of Wickert's "Studies in John Gower" is to understand the spirit of Gower's poetry through analyses of: The development of the "Vox Clamantis" and its vision of the Great Uprising (Chapters 1 and 2); The poem's connection to sermon and devotional literature (Chapter 3); Gower's political ideas as expressed in the VC (Chapters 4 and 5); and Gower's narrative technique in the "Confessio Amantis" (Chapter 6). Her book makes three major contributions to Gower studies. Chapter 1, "The Text and Development of the Vox Clamantis," is Wickert's greatest contribution to the study of the VC. Her patient sorting out of the available sources relevant to the problem of dating the poem is essential to understanding both its genesis and purpose. Wickert presented the evidence not only for separating the "Visio" (as she termed Book 1) from the rest of the poem but also for understanding the stages by which the poem evolved. The poem clearly has three beginnings and Wickert shows that three phases of composition can therefore be postulated: Books 3-6 (the core poem, begun 1377, occasioned by the death of Edward III and the accession of Richard II, for whom, as the Mirror for a Prince in Book 6 suggests, it is intended); Books 2-7 (the core poem framed by preliminary [Book 2] and concluding considerations [Book 7]); Books 1-7 (the final assemblage: the core plus the frame plus a prequel intended to certify the poem's conclusions, completed late 1381 or early 1382 depending on how long it took Gower to write Book 1). Revisions at several points containing judgments of Richard II reveal that there are in places two versions of the poem, which Wickert characterizes as A- and B-Texts. The different versions of the colophon listing Gower's works found in various manuscripts of the VC and the CA show by their contents that 1390 must be the "terminus post quem" for the B-Text and that during the decade 1390-1400 Gower altered the political tendency of the VC to fault the king for England's troubles and make the VC appear to be aligned with the judgments of the "Cronica Tripertita," written soon after Richard's deposition in 1399 (p. 7). Wickert's second substantial contribution to our understanding of the Vox is her recognition that Gower adopts the posture of a poetic preacher and delivers an extensive Johannine homily showing "the firm outlines of a system, the essence of which is popular theology, that gives the class critique sense and significance" (p. 53). In the guise of his namesake John the Baptist, the preacher who made ready the way of the Lord, Gower shoots at the world missives that are designed to correct it through exhortation, invective, and the threat of punishment. Seen this way, Book 2 is "exhortatio," Books 3-6 "increpatio," and Book 7 'comminatio," the whole constituting an extensive versified literary sermon. Book 1 was then prefixed to this assemblage as its historical proof and thereby gave the VC its claim to a place among the most important works of English literature. "From a princely 'vade mecum' . . . [the VC] became a substantial work of edificational literature that differs from similar efforts only in that it undertakes to explain a concrete historical situation, the Peasants' Rebellion, in its metaphysical bases and earthly consequences" (p. 164). Wickert's third concern, Gower's political views, focuses on the person of the king as the embodiment of the state and largely ignores the poet's views on the judicial and legislative components of government. She concludes that Gower's aim in the Mirror of a Prince is to show Richard how the "rex iustus" guarantees "iusticia" in the realm by his own ethical conduct. Gower has "no conception of the historical character and true nature of the state" and the "responsibility of individuals as well as of classes is not to the state but directly to God" (p. 133). Thus his class critique, calling for political regeneration, necessarily develops into a homily because its goal is the restoration of the proper relationship between the individual and God. Man's responsibility for this task is clarified by the renunciation of Fortune in Book 2 and the consequences for him are made clear in Book 7, the two books that form the frame of the class critique. Wickert's final topic concerns Gower's narrative technique in the CA, concluding that he employs a plain style, direct and taut, that is largely concerned with the tempo of storytelling in order to drive narratives to moments of moral choice upon which the outcome for the protagonists depends. [RJM. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Wickert, Maria. Meindl, Robert J., trans. Published Wickert, Maria. Studien zu John Gower. Köln: Kölner Universitäts Verlag, 1953. Trans. Robert J. Meindl, Studies in John Gower, 2nd. ed. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies: 2016. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Cronica Tripertita Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confession Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Studien zu John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 2016 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Legge, Dominica Published Legge, Dominica. "The Gracious Conqueror." Modern Language Notes 68.1 (1953), pp. 18-21. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Backgrounds and General Criticism Language and Word Studies Cronica Tripertita Review Legge examines references in various chronicles and petitions to Henry IV's claim to the throne of England. While Henry was said to be rightful king by election, inheritance, and conquest, the last claim seems particularly weak. However, Legge argues that "in the mouths of contemporaries the queer title 'conqueror' was not necessarily either ironical or vainly flattering, but something generally accepted" (18). The word "conqueror" was almost a synonym for "victor" and was usually applied to heroes; the word "conquest" had the meaning of "acquest" – property gained otherwise than by inheritance. While there was no such thing as a legal right of conquest, the case of William I provides proof that there was at least some precedent for the claim. Legge next considers the order in which the claims of conquest, inheritance, and election are presented in Gower's CrT and in Chaucer's "Complaint to His Purse." She notes that the gloss to the CrT puts the claim to conquest last, whereas the text itself places it first. The explanation is that the text itself (as well as Chaucer's lines) gives the claims in the order in which were presented, and treats them cumulatively, from the least to the most important. The gloss "does not need to take account of this" (20), and puts the shaky right of conquest last, and "softened by the addition of the words: 'sine sanguinis effusione'" (20). The latter phrase is explained by a passage in Froissart's chronicle that illustrates how Henry though of conquest as "the acquisition by peaceful means of an inheritance vacant through the misconduct and ineptitude of his predecessor" (20). In this context, the term "conqueror" can have a positive valence, one that associates Henry with the legend of Brutus the Trojan, who conquered Albion and created the empire of Britain (20-21). [CvD] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Gracious Conqueror Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review If Chaucer describes the Man of Law as seeming wiser and busier than he really is, then we might also question whether his knowledge of literature is as great as he claims. The Man of Law is "a self-appointed literary critic" and his tendency to error is shown by his mention of seven or eight women about whom Chaucer did not write stories and by the omission of two stories that he did write. Either the Man of Law likes to exaggerate, or he has read only the Prologue to the LGW and "believes all the stories to have been written" (5). Similarly, the Man of Law's reference to the cruelty of Medea and the hanging of her children shows that he is "not actually familiar with the Medea myth at all" (6). As for the disparaging remarks about Gower, Sullivan suggests that a hypothetical parallel would be if Charles Dickens referred to Jane Austen's novels as being vulgar in content (6). In addition, the Man of Law's inclusion of the extra names "might be considered as the result of his confusing two works [the CA and the LGW] similar in subject matter" (6-7). The remarks about incest in relation to the stories of Canace and Apollonius show "the extremely broad comical effect of Chaucer's selfish humor in putting into the mouth of the Man of Law a speech condemning Gower's choice of material, and, after a blunt relation of the most obnoxious facts (which Gower had carefully avoided), an announcement that he is not going to tell such stories" (7). The humor lies "in the fact that the expansive Man of Law is making a blunder in accusing Chaucer's 'moral Gower' of immorality" (7). Nevertheless, Chaucer's removal of the complimentary reference to Chaucer from later recensions of the CA may indicate that he found Chaucer's humor "as being in bad taste" (8). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Sullivan, William L Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Published Sullivan, William L. "Chaucer's Man of Law as a Literary Critic." Modern Language Notes 68.1 (1953), pp. 1-8. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Man of Law as a Literary Critic Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review When Gower rewrites Nicholas Trivet's story of Constance, one of the details that he changes concerns the baptism of Dame Hermingild. Whereas in Trivet Hermingild is murdered after being baptized, Gower has her killed before she can be baptized. Gower makes this change, according to Dulak, in order to highlight that Hermingild had a "baptism of desire." This fits with the rest of the tale, where Gower also describes baptism by blood, and baptism by water. By illustrating these three types of baptism, Gower shows his "devoutness" and "originality" (369). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Dulak, Robert E Published Dulak, Robert E. "Gower's 'Tale of Constance'." Notes and Queries 198 (1953), pp. 368-389. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's 'Tale of Constance' Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Compares Chaucer's use of rhetorical "abbreviating phrases" with those same practices in the work of Gower, Langland, and several romances. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Francis, W. Nelson. Published Francis, W. Nelson. "Chaucer Shortens a Tale." PMLA 68 (1953): 1126-41. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Shortens a Tale. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Primarily a study of how closely Chaucer follows Trivet, but also notes that Chaucer borrowed from Gower, although not much. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Block, Edward A. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Published Block, Edward A. "Originality, Controlling Purpose, and Craftsmanship in Chaucer's 'Man of Law's Tale'." PMLA 68 (1953): 572-616. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 Title A name given to the resource Originality, Controlling Purpose, and Craftsmanship in Chaucer's "Man of Law's Tale." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Brewer, Derek. Published Brewer, Derek. Chaucer. London: Longman, 1953. 3d ed. rev., 1973, pp. 27, 40, 41, 44, 98, 101, 106, 107, 123, 141, 180-81, 205, 210, 211, 212 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Gower and Chaucer were friends; Gower as an encyclopedic poet; Gower's style as "plain"; Man of Law's Tale was a "hit" against Gower; comparison of "Tale of Florent" with Wife of Bath's Tale; and general remarks on styles of Gower and Chaucer. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Comtois, Sister Cecile de la Providence. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review A close reading of MO that attempts to establish Gower's dependence for structure, narrative, word-play, etc. on rhetoric books, and uses the material to interpret the poem in a general way. Includes as appendices lists of rhetorical devices in the poem. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Published Comtois, Sister Cecile de la Providence. "Rhetoric in John Gower's 'Speculum Meditantis'." Ph.D. Dissertation. Fordham University, 1953. Unrestricted access available at https://research.library.fordham.edu/dissertations/AAI10992942/. Accessed August 28, 2022 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 Title A name given to the resource Rhetoric in John Gower's "Speculum Meditantis." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues that--unlike Chaucer--Gower, Machaut, and Jean de Meun draw explicit morals for their readers. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ruggiers, Paul A. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Published Ruggiers, Paul A. "The Unity of Chaucer's 'House of Fame'." Studies in Philology 50 (1953): 16-29. Reprinted in Edward Wagenknecht, ed. Chaucer: Modern Essays in Criticism (London: Oxford University Pres, 1959), pp. 295-308. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Unity of Chaucer's 'House of Fame." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Shakespeare may have shown knowledge of Gower's "Tale of Florent" in "The Taming of the Shrew" I, ii, 69, with a reference to the "foul love" of "Florentius." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Whitaker, Virgil. Published Whitaker, Virgil. Shakespeare's use of Learning: An Inquiry into the Growth of His Mind and Art. San Marino, California: Huntington Library, 1953, pp. 94, 101. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shakespeare's use of Learning: An Inquiry into the Growth of His Mind and Art. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Comtois begins by briefly surveying the medieval rhetorical tradition with which Gower was familiar before turning to a discussion of how Gower's work fits within the medieval "speculum" tradition finding innovation in Gower's use of French for the work, given the predominance of Latin in the "speculum" tradition. The remainder of the dissertation focuses upon Gower's use of the rhetorical tropes in the poem, especially amplification and abbreviation and other stylistic decisions indebted to rhetorical techniques. Comtois includes three appendices: one (supplementing Chapter 3) listing all lines where she sees examples of amplification and abbreviation, a second (supplementing Chapter 4) containing a list of "figures of words", and a third (also supplementing Chapter 4) listing indications in the poem of examples of "figures of thought." [BWG. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Comtois, Cecile de la Providence. Published Comtois, Cecile de la Providence. "Rhetoric in John Gower's 'Speculum Meditantis'." Ph.D. Dissertation. Fordham University, 1953. Dissertation Abstracts International 80.2. Full text available at ProQuest. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rhetoric in John Gower's "Speculum Meditantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In all of Gower's work we witness the poet "repeatedly going through the same cycle: a ruler is responsible for the welfare of England and for its morality in civic, religious, and political life as exemplified in the individual citizen" (964). Gower's "most significant role" (953) is therefore to act as mentor for royalty, in particular for Richard II. To illustrate this point, Coffman examines three aspects of Gower's work: the 1381 Peasants Revolt; Gower's views of Lollardy; and Gower's final assessment of Richard's reign. The first of these, the 1381 Revolt, is treated in the VC, where Gower demonstrates that the wise king is responsible for the welfare of his land. The subject of Lollardy further suggests that Gower looked to the king to quell heresy. In "Carmen super multiplici viciorum pestilencia" he admonishes Richard in the final couplet to be like the husbandman ("Cultor") who watches and acts "lest the weeds of heresy stifle the harvest" (957-58). The third and longest section of Coffman's essay is a close reading of "O Deus Immense." Its value, Coffman argues, consists in "its quality as a mirror reflecting the mind of a middle-class conservative and through it interpreting in a comprehensive manner Gower's class in society and the Lancastrian attitude as found in contemporary records" (959). Gower's revision of the heading of the poem reveals that Gower increasingly saw himself in the role of "a judge rendering a decision [on Richard's reign] rather than that of an advisor telling a young ruler what to do" (960). Coffman shows that in "O Deus Immense," "practically every maxim, precept, or injunction applies with direct clarity to King Richard's reign" (962). Also noted are Gower's use of the second person to address his reader and make note of important precepts, as well as the reference to the Coronation Oath which signals the obligation of kings to rule justly. Coffman points out that the Coronation Oath was used by the Lancastrians in the 1399 deposition charges to indict Richard for ruling badly, and the essay ends with a comparison between the language of the poem and the phrasing of these thirty-three charges. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Coffman, George R Published Coffman, George R. "John Gower, Mentor for Royalty: Richard II." PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 69 (1954), pp. 953-964. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Minor Latin Poetry Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower, Mentor for Royalty: Richard II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prints Medea's flight, CA, Book V, 3927-4174. [RFY1981]. Published Ford, Boris, ed. The Age of Chaucer. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1954, pp. 431-38. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Author/Editor Author/Editor Ford, Boris, ed. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Age of Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prints both versions of CA, Prologue 1-92 and 24*-62*; "Travellers and the Angel," Book II, 291-364; "Patience of Socrates," Book III, 639-98; "Pygmalion," Book IV, 341-436; "Venus' Leave-taking," Book VIII, 2882-2970 and 2940*-70*; from Book VIII, 3106-72, reprinting Macaulay. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Kaiser, Rolf, ed. Published Kaiser, Rolf, ed. Alt- und Mittelenglische Anthologie. Berlin, 1954, pp. 428-32. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alt- und Mittelenglische Anthologie. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Translates MO, 1-2600. [RFY1981]. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Published Golding, Sanford, trans. A Partial Translation of Gower's Mirour de l'Omme. M.A. Thesis. New York University, 1954. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Title A name given to the resource A Partial Translation of Gower's Mirour de l'Omme. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower and Chaucer share the same source--probably Ovid--for their tales in CA and the "Legend of Good Women"; Gower is a representative member of the cultivated audience Chaucer had for his poetry. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Spiers, John. Published Spiers, John. Chaucer the Maker. London: Faber and Faber, 1951. Reprinted, 1954, pp. 89, 206. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer the Maker. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Schaar, Claes. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Review Compares Chaucer's version of the tale of Constance (Man of Law's Tale 428ff.) with Gower's (CA II, 682ff.). [RFY1981] Published Schaar, Claes. Some Types of Narrative in Chaucer's Poetry. Lund Studies in English, no. 25. Lund: Cleerup, 1954, p. 77n. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Title A name given to the resource Some Types of Narrative in Chaucer's Poetry. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Refers to F. J. Child's study of Gower (1867) to disagree with him that Chaucer's language was more archaic than Gower's; refers to Alexander Ellis (1871) to disagree; quotes John Spiers (1951) to show that Gower was a sophisticated reader, master of three languages, and created in a "highly developed English speech." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Southworth, James G. Published Southworth, James G. Verses of Cadence: An Introduction to the Prosody of Chaucer and His Followers. Oxford: Blackwell, 1954, pp. 17-18, 19, 22, 50, 91. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Verses of Cadence: An Introduction to the Prosody of Chaucer and His Followers. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Assesses how properly courtly (and hence how comic) are the eagles in Chaucer's "Parliament of Fowls"; compares this with CB 34 and 35, which are about Valentine's Day, and use bird imagery. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Stillwell, Gardiner. Published Stillwell, Gardiner. "Chaucer's Eagles and Their Choices on February 14." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 53 (1954): 546-61, especially 553. Gower Subject Cinkante Balades Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Eagles and Their Choices on February 14. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A comparison of the knight in the "Wife of Bath's Tale" with Gower's analogous Florent to show that Chaucer's is more fully developed as a character and morally more complex. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Townsend, Francis G. Published Townsend, Francis G. "Chaucer's Nameless Knight." Modern Language Review 49 (1954): 1-4. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Nameless Knight. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower as a contemporary of Chaucer; list of works. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lüdeke, Henry. Published Lüdeke, Henry. Die englischen Literatur: Ein kultur-historischer Umriss. Bern: Franke, 1954, pp. 23-24. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die englischen Literatur: Ein kultur-historischer Umriss. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Essentially a study of Chaucer, but compares "gan" as used in the works of various authors, including Gower in the CA, where, it is argued, "gan" usually is treated as a relatively meaningless filler. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Homann, Elizabeth R. Published Homann, Elizabeth R. "Chaucer's Use of 'Gan'." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 53 (1954): 389-98. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Use of "Gan." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses Gower's use of the "Secretum" in Books VI and VII of the CA, and his growing disillusion with Richard II as revealed in the revisions. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Manzalaoui, Mahmoud. Published Manzalaoui, Mahmoud. "The 'Secreta Secretorum' in English Thought and Literature from the Fourteenth to the Seventeenth Century, with a Preliminary Study of the Arabic Origins of the 'Secreta'." D.Phil. Dissertation, Oxford University, 1954, pp. 405-69. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The "Secreta Secretorum" in English Thought and Literature from the Fourteenth to the Seventeenth Century, with a Preliminary Study of the Arabic Origins of the "Secreta." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Beichner quotes Macaulay's opinion that Gower's practice of writing "cento" in the VC amounts to "schoolboy plagiarism" (quoted on 582). Beichner proposes to analyze the borrowings from one of the texts that Gower employs, the Aurora or Biblia versificata of Peter Riga, and he interprets them from a more positive perspective than Macaulay. According to Beichner, Gower must have used a manuscript of the first or unexpanded edition of the Aurora, because later additions to Riga's text do not figure at all in the VC. In terms of the content of his borrowings, Gower does not seem to have been particularly interested in the narrative sections of Riga's verse Bible, although he does borrow one such passage (VC 6.12), an excerpt of 28 lines that describes Balaam's plan for the defeat of the Israelites. Gower is mostly interested in Riga's moralizing passages, and Gower's originality lies in the new context that his own work provides. In fact, when one considers the VC as a whole then "one is overwhelmed by Gower's industry" (592). Gower carefully memorized passages as models of elegant writing from a variety of classical and medieval authors, of whom Riga is only one example. Beichner thus counters the accusation of plagiarism with the following conclusion: "I believe that he [Gower] felt he was honestly presenting his views on his own day even though he often expressed himself in words and criticisms borrowed from his predecessors" (593). An appendix to Beichner's essay provides a detailed catalogue of Gower's borrowings. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Beichner, Paul E Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Vox Clamantis Published Beichner, Paul E. "Gower's Use of Aurora in Vox Clamantis." Speculum 30.4 (1955), pp. 582-595. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1955 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource Gower's Use of Aurora in Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Goolden discusses Antiochus's riddle about his incestuous relationship with his daughter. The riddle occurs in Shakespeare, in Gower, and in the medieval Latin prose romance "Apollonius of Tyre." Goolden suggests that the key to solving the riddle is to notice that the secret marriage between father and daughter creates complex "in-law" relationships. For instance, Antiochus becomes his "wife's son" because he is taking the place of the man who should be his son-in-law. Gower, according to Goolden, copies a slightly corrupted version of the riddle, but whether he is aware of its deeper meaning is unclear. Shakespeare changes the subject of the riddle from Antiochus to the daughter and renders the riddle more easily comprehensible. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Goolden, P Published Goolden, P. "Antiochus's Riddle in Gower and Shakespeare." Review of English Studies n.s. 6 (1955), pp. 245-251. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Antiochus's Riddle in Gower and Shakespeare Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1955 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Raymo provides a lengthy list of citations where Gower's VC borrows directly from Nigel de Longchamps' Speculum Stultorum (the story of an ass called Burnell who desires a longer tail). In the VC, Gower twice alludes expressly to the Speculum Stultorum. He also uses it as the source for the story of Adrian and Bardus in the CA. Gower seems to have been particularly interested in the exempla of the revengeful cock and of the unfortunate cows who were attacked by flies. However, most of Gower's borrowings have lost all relation to their original context. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Raymo, Robert R Published Raymo, Robert R. "Gower's Vox Clamantis and the Speculum Stultorum." Modern Language Notes 70.5 (1955), pp. 315-320. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower's Vox Clamantis and the Speculum Stultorum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1955 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Siegmund-Schultze, Dorothea Published Siegmund-Schultze, Dorothea. "John Gower und seine Zeit." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 3 (1955), pp. 5-71. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Biography of Gower Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Review Dorothea Siegmund-Schultze offers a thoroughly Marxist reading of Gower's work. Her objective is to demonstrate the extent to which Gower's literary works reveal an association with a particular social class (7). As a landowner and a member of the lower nobility, Gower is generally sympathetic to feudal ideals (and their ideological codification in scholastic reasoning about the three estates). However, he also shares much with the bourgeoisie, including their burgeoning nationalism and their generally positive view of profit. Siegmund-Schultze traces Gower's sometimes ambivalent apology for feudalism through his major three works, spending most time on the MO (7-53). Most of this treatment follows the progression of topics in Gower's works. After a brief overview of what is known about the Gower biography, Siegmund-Schultze discusses significant historical events in the fourteenth century. She notes that the effect of the Bubonic Plague was an increase in wages, which precipitated the Statute of Labourers and eventually the Peasants' Revolt. From a Marxist perspective, the increase of monetary and contractual agreements increasingly threatened feudal relationships (see especially the discussion of Marx's views on usury and mercantile capital in the late Middle Ages on page 21). The ideology of the old feudal order was further propped up by medieval spirituality (Siegmund-Schultze quotes Engels; 8). This explains also why Gower's ideal knight is a very pious man, aware of the impermanence of earthly fame (17), and why Gower's discussion of grace and salvation is imbued with the language of earning, reward, and investment (24). Gower's belief in an "Einheitskultur" (9) is further connected with his sense that Reason will teach us the wisdom of the past (Siegmund-Schultze lists Gower's primary sources; 14). In addition, his belief that education is a coherent system (unified in the seven liberal arts) leads him to link together a number of key values: "Bildung [education] Wissen [knowledge] governance und die aurea mediocritas [golden mean]" (15). This project, which links self-governance with the Three Estates model, is constantly threatened. Siegmund-Schultze mentions Gower's preoccupation with the rich burger who tries to imitate the aristocracy. In addition, while Gower is Boethian in his rejection of wealth, profit is often justified and the Vita Activa provides the most benefit to the social well-being. The latter emphasis on the common profit is typically bourgeois, and contradicts the individualism of feudalism (26; although on page 22 Siegmund-Schultze laments the increasingly cold ties of monetary transactions). This nationalistic focus goes hand in hand with a growing pacifism on Gower's part. Despite such bourgeois interests, Gower tends to depict labour as the pursuit of land-tied peasants, and he justifies poverty as something rewarded in heaven. Gower thus remains a tool of the ruling classes, despite the influence of bourgeois ideals (34). The latter ideals are further visible in Gower's scepticism about courtly love and in his xenophobia towards the Lombards (Siegmund-Schultze quotes Stalin to point out that the market is the first school in which the bourgeoisie learns nationalism; 47). Sometimes Gower's views are evidence of his association with both classes. Thus Gower complains about merchants pampering their wives so that they transgress social dress codes, but he is bourgeois in his concern over the cost of extravagance. Yet, despite the fact that we can classify nearly all of Gower's views as either feudal or bourgeois (e.g., even beer is a national drink and thus bourgeois), Gower is not very conscious of the ascendancy of the middle class. The fact that Gower hasn't learned much is evident in the VC, a kind of pamphlet that supports the use of force for containing the peasants (55). Gower here still supports the Three Estates model, which is why the murder of the Archbishop (Sudbury) is an important climax of Book I of the VC. Likewise, in the CA, Gower ignores the common people and generally focuses on exempla of the nobility, despite the fact that his stories about chivalry have an air of obsolescence. Even here, though, bourgeois realism creeps back in, especially as Amans recognizes his old age and sees the importance of marriage, emphases that are atypical of chivalric romance. Siegmund-Schultze concludes by observing that Gower's apology of feudalism meant that praise of Gower's achievements waned (esp. after the 17th century) along with the ideology he defended. [CvD] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower und seine Zeit Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1955 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review On Gower-Chaucer connections and mutual influences. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Griffith, D. D. Published Griffith, D. D. A Bibliography of Chaucer, 1908-1953. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1955, pp. 81, 83, 85, 101, 117, 119, 132, 198, 326, 332, 334, 358 Gower Subject Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Bibliography of Chaucer, 1908-1953. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1955 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Concise and very readable; sometimes goes beyond strong verbs to include certain weak forms, inflections, and orthographical variants. An abridgement, with same title, of Lawson's Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 1953 [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Lawson, Dorothy Day. Published Lawson, Dorothy Day. The Strong Verb in Gower's Confessio Amantis. New York: New York University Press, 1956. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Strong Verb in Gower's Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956 1953 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In Book 4 of the VC, Gower admonishes the good monk "to preserve his traditionally simple, though hard and austere, way of life" (82). The passage represents "a characteristic plagiarism" (82) on Gower's part, for the lines are borrowed from an anonymous collection of penitential verses dating from the early thirteenth century. To show the indebtedness, Raymo quotes lines 495-506 and 511-14 of VC 4 alongside the original and italicizes the similarities. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Raymo, Robert R Published Raymo, Robert R. "Vox Clamantis, IV, 12." Modern Language Notes 71.2 (1956), pp. 82-83. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vox Clamantis, IV, 12 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Peter's book on the genres of complaint and satire in the Middle Ages and Renaissance occasionally uses Gower as an example of the "moralizing, quasi-sermonic bent" (51) typical of complaint literature. Peter suggests that Gower's attempt to take the "middel weie" between lust and lore, or between courtly love and moral teaching, was "like mixing oil and water" (52) so that much of the CA is "almost unreadable" (52). Peter mines the CA for some of the staple ingredients of complaint literature, including the nostalgic description of the Golden Age, the frequent reminder of the coming end times (forecast by the statue of Nebuchadnezzar), the conception of a retributive God, and the critique of the rich. Peter also uses Gower as an example of how the topics of complaint literature influenced the development of the morality play and (later) tragedy. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Peter, John Published Peter, John. "Complaint and Satire in Early English Literature." Oxford: Clarendon, 1956 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Complaint and Satire in Early English Literature Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Clarendon, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Cary's study of medieval Alexander the Great narratives remains the foundational resource for all further work on the subject. He traces the historical and legendary Alexanders, Occidental and Oriental, from ca. 200 B.C. (Pseudo-Callistenes) through the fifteenth century A.D. His comments on Gower's sources and uses of Alexander appear variously, in relation to multiple texts. He attributes "Alexander and the Pirate" (CA III. 2363-437 to Augustine ("City of God" 4.4), citing Gower's moralized use of the story (97), and elaborates subsequently, noting that Gower's moral is "the necessity of self-control," which, Cary suggests, Gower connects with an anti-war theme: "Alexander conquered all the world; he let his will go beyond his reason; but in the end he was poisoned, and what did his unreasonable wars avail him then?" (254). The Diogenes story (III. 1201-1330), which makes a similar point about following reason over will, Cary attributes to a source modeled on Valerius Maximus, but supplemented by another, "possibly from Walter Burley" (253-54). He notes that Dindimus' critique of Alexander (V. 1453-96) "is supported by the brief narration of the legendary story of Alexander and Candeolus" (V. 1571-85) in which both enter a cave where Alexander "felt the presence of the gods, and conversed with Serapis" 254); of Candace, mother of Candeolus, Gower gives a brief reference, "probably borrowed from the 'Roman de toute chevalerie'" (254). Gower "tells with evident pleasure the story of the adultery of Nectanabus" and comments "that sorcery did not help him or save him from death" at Alexander's hand (255). Cary finds "typical of the period that Gower has Callisthenes and Aristotle teach [Alexander] "Philosophie, Entenden, and Astronomie" rather than "fencing and fighting" (255). Book VII, Cary says, is "based on the Secret of Secrets" (255). [RFY. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 40.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Cary, George. Ross, D. J. S., ed. Published Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, ,Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Medieval Alexander. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Two glossed texts of "Disticha" reprinted and edited here; relevance to Gower, and Chaucer and Langland, discussed in introduction; apparently the "Disticha" served poets as source for direct and indirect quotation to varying degrees, and differently in different poems; Gower's greatest dependence is in VC. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Hazelton, Richard M. Published Hazelton, Richard M. Two Texts of the "Disticha Catonis" and Its Commentary, with Special Reference to Chaucer, Langland, and Gower. Ph.D. Dissertation. Rutgers University, 1956. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two Texts of the "Disticha Catonis" and Its Commentary, with Special Reference to Chaucer, Langland, and Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Re-examination of the evidence presented over three decades in support of the thesis that Chaucer and Gower followed precepts of medieval rhetoricians. Concludes that no hard evidence exists to show Gower knew more about rhetoric than he could have gleaned from standard grammatical texts and popular French poets. Apparently Gower was not working within any kind of a rhetorical tradition in England, and this assumption about his reading and education should be re-examined and adjusted. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Murphy, James J. Published Murphy, James J. Chaucer, Gower, and the English Rhetorical Tradition. Ph.D. Dissertation. Stanford University, 1956. Dissertation Abstracts International 42: 849-50. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer, Gower, and the English Rhetorical Tradition. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A brief overview of Gower's major works, with the conclusion that Gower was aristocratic in his audience, and basically conservative, although his moral attacks on feudalism show how near was this system's end. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schlauch, Margaret. Published Schlauch, Margaret. English Medieval Literature and Its Social Foundations. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1956, pp. 221-24. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Medieval Literature and Its Social Foundations. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Ames, Ruth Published Ames, Ruth. "The Source and Significance of The Jew and the Pagan." Medieval Studies 19 (1957), pp. 37-47. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Review Ames opens her essay with Thomas Warton's comment in his History of English Poetry that Gower must have borrowed his Tale of "the Jew and the Pagan" (Book 7 of the CA) "from some Christian legend, which was feigned, for a religious purpose, at the expense of all probability and propriety" (37). Ames suggests instead that the story, particularly popular from the Secreta Secretorum tradition, was originally a piece of pagan propaganda against Judaism. Ames' evidence for a pagan origin includes the tale's geography (even Gower's version is set in Egypt), the frequent identification of the Pagan as one of the (Persian) Magi, and the fact that Christians never charged the Jews or Judaism with an unethical code since they themselves were invested in the validity of the Mosaic law. Medieval authors therefore took up the story not necessarily as part of an anti-semitic agenda (although Ames does not deny some element of prejudice), but rather because of the non-religious meanings that might be ascribed to the story. For instance, James Yonge's prose translation of the Secreta (dating from 1422) employs the exemplum to illustrate his advice that a prince should not trust his enemy. As it turns out, the Jew is most like the Irish, whose treachery is well-known (45-46). Likewise, Gower's account tells us more about his politics than about his attitude to the Jews. After all, Moses is mentioned in Book 7 as one of the first lawgivers, and in Book 5 Gower praises the beliefs of the Jews in contrast to the worship of idols. Gower was thus more interested in making the point that mercy is greater than justice. In this he followed the Secreta, in which the Pagan was associated with Aristotle, who advised Alexander on the principles of kingship. The only medieval adaptation that Ames has difficulty explaining is John Bromyard's Summa Predicantium, where the Mosaic Law is simultaneously praised and condemned. Ames' conjecture about this troubling mixture is that "the friar nodded, and garbled half-recollected stories and sources" (45). Despite the opacity of Bromyard's motives, the general pattern Ames finds is that medieval Christians were less interested in the validity of Jewish law than in promoting an Aristotle who conformed to their own aims in writing mirrors for princes. [CvD] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Source and Significance of The Jew and the Pagan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1957 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Eisner's book is primarily a source study of Chaucer's Wife of Bath's Tale, but he includes a chapter on Gower's Tale of Florent. Both stories are traced back (somewhat independently) to Irish myth and legend in which the loathly lady stood for the sovereignty of Ireland. This material was "elaborated in Wales, was carried by the bilingual Bretons to France and thence to Norman England" (15). Gower's version is very close to Chaucer's, but differs in including the following four motifs: "the stepmother who has enchanted the heroine, the hero who is identified as a nephew of his emperor, the choice offered the hero, and the anger displayed by Branchus's grandmother when Florent returned with the correct answer" (65). Especially the fact that Florent is the nephew of the emperor shows that the source text likely had Gawain as the hero and so belongs to the Matter of Britain. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Eisner, Sigmund Published Eisner, Sigmund. "A Tale of Wonder: A Source Study of the Wife of Bath's Tale." Wexford, Ireland: John English, 1957 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Tale of Wonder: A Source Study of the Wife of Bath's Tale Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available John English, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1957 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Bennett, J. A. W. Published Bennett, J. A. W. The Parlement of Foules: An Interpretation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957. Reprinted with corrections, 1965, 1971, pp. 9, 34, 44, 102, 138-39, 165, 182, 187, 195n, 197n, 198n, 206, 208. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Cinkante Balades Review Discusses aspects of CB and CA as analogues and contrasts to Chaucer's "Parliament of Fowls"; argues that PF and CA were mutually influential poems, in that they were made at approximately the same time, are concerned with dream allegory, and treat love as a central theme. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Parlement of Foules: An Interpretation. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1957 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review CA is a source of "Pericles'; may also have influenced "A Midsummer Night's Dream." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Muir, Kenneth. Published Muir, Kenneth. Shakespeare's Sources: Comedies and Tragedies. London: Methuen, 19577, pp. 2, 33, 225. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shakespeare's Sources: Comedies and Tragedies. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1957 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review List of works; calls Gower "no great poet." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ciaramella, Michele. Published Ciaramella, Michele. A Short Account of English Literature. London: Cassell, 1957, p. 24 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Short Account of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1957 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Comparison of Apollonius stories in "Pericles" and CA; prints Apollonius story from Berthelette's 1554 edition of CA. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Bullough, Geoffrey. Published Bullough, Geoffrey. Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare. 8 vols. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957-1975, 6: 29, 343-55, 360-70, 373. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1957-1975 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Fison suggests that Gower's CA lacks the kind of structural or allegorical complexity that "delights young Empsonians" (16), and as a result Gower is largely out of fashion today. Neither are Gower's politics particularly controversial, and he is at his most interesting when he depicts the psychology of love. Gower's style "tends to preserve a smoothness of approach by lines whose effects complement each other, so that the impression left by the whole exceeds that of the individual parts" (19). Gower reminds Fison most of Dryden, not only in his restrained use of language or his "architectonic sense" (23), but especially in way he concludes the CA with a "sad nobility" (23). Throughout the article, Fison compares Gower with Chaucer, and while the latter comes off as more varied and versatile, Gower is still praised for "his technical command of the language" (25). The result of Gower's measured style is a sense of universality, openness, and tolerance. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Fison, Peter Published Fison, Peter. "The Poet in John Gower." Essays in Criticism 8 (1958), pp. 16-26. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Poet in John Gower Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Whereas Tatlock (1906) found an analogue for Milton's allegorical treatment of Sin and Death in Gower, Steadman argues that Milton likely did not read Gower and that their common source was probably St. Basil's "Sixth Homily on the Hexaemeron." [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Steadman, John M Published Steadman, John M. "Milton and St. Basil: The Genesis of Sin and Death." Modern Language Notes 73.2 (1958), pp. 83-84. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Milton and St. Basil: The Genesis of Sin and Death. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Isaacs compares three versions of the story of Constance – Chaucer's, Gower's and "Emare." He suggests that they were likely written within about 10 years of each other, but he does not try to trace the direction of influence. Isaacs finds Gower's octosyllabic couplets "aesthetically quite pleasing" (268), even though Gower's tale is otherwise sparse (or "colorless"; 268) on rhetorical figures. He then provides extensive plot summaries of the three versions, italicizing similarities and noting differences in the analysis that follows. In all three versions the incest-motif is downplayed and the attractiveness of the heroine is emphasized. Gower changes some of the focus to the sin of envy and he tends to concentrate on "the quality of things and people, questions of good and evil making up the bulk of his descriptions as well as of his incidents" (274). Gower also "makes an effort to regularize and keep track of the passage of time" (275). Isaacs concludes by noting that the three versions are emblematic of the diversity and richness of the medieval period. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Isaacs, Neil D Published Isaacs, Neil D. "Constance in Fourteenth-Century England." Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 58 (1958), pp. 260-277. ISSN 0028-3754 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Constance in Fourteenth-Century England Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The three manuscripts Luttrell refers to in his title are London, British Museum, MS Harley 2250 which includes the unique text of "St Erkenwald"; Glasgow, University Library, MS Hunter V.2.8 (388), of the unique "Gest Historiale of the Destruction of Troy"; and Manchester, Chetham Library, MS A.7.38 (6696), of the "Confessio Amantis." He offers substantial evidence of the "date and localisation" (39) of each and then goes on to describe the implications of this information for understanding the "state of alliterative poetry in the Mersey region in the sixteenth century" (48). Gowerians, however, will be largely interested in his identification of the copyist of both the Chetham manuscript and the cursive portion of Hunter manuscript as Thomas Chetham (c. 1490-1546), grandson of the Thomas Chetham suggested by Macaulay. Luttrell's paleographical evidence establishes that the hand of the two manuscripts is the same, and the same as that of household documents "among the Clowes deeds" (43) in the John Rylands Library. Paper-stock evidence from the Hunter manuscript eliminates consideration of the elder Thomas Chetham because he died before the paper was produced, and a series of rental rolls in the hand of the younger Chetham indicate three datable phases of his hand, enabling Luttrell to specify the copying date of the Chetham "Confessio" as "apparently written between 1533 and 1537" (46), and presumably executed at Nuthurst where the Chethams resided in South Lancashire, Luttrell explains, as is indicated in the signatures at the end of each of the literary manuscripts. N.B.: Throughout, Luttrell cites the Chetham manuscript of the CA as A.6.11 rather than A.7.38, following the error in Macaulay. [MA. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Luttrell, C. A. Published Luttrell, C. A. "Three North-West Midland Manuscripts." Neophilologus 42 (1958): 39-50. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Three North-West Midland Manuscripts. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography of Gower; also contains separate entries for his individual works, e.g., CA, p. 182; MO, p.741; and VC, p. 828. [RFY2081]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Harvey, Sir Paul, ed. Published Harvey, Sir Paul, ed. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 3rd rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1958, p. 331. Gower Subject Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Oxford Companion to English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Notes that Gower's ballades are in accord with French models, drawing much on Helen L. Cohen (1915). [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Friedman, Albert B. Published Friedman, Albert B. "The Late Medieval Ballade and the Origin of Broadside Balladry." Medium Aevum 27 (1958): 98-99. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Late Medieval Ballade and the Origin of Broadside Balladry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Review Chaucer and Gower use material from Trivet, indicative of Gower's desire to tell a fluid tale, and Chaucer's fondness for emotional shifting. Original version in Japanese with English abstract. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Published Ito, Masayoshi. "Two Stories of Constance--Chaucer and Gower." Shiron (Tohoku University) 1 (1958): 60-73. English version in Ito's John Gower, The Medieval Poet (Tokyo: Shinozaki Shorin, 1976), pp. 25-38. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two Stories of Constance--Chaucer and Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In VC, Gower more fully reflects the political conservatism of fourteenth-century London than Chaucer does anywhere; the dedication of "Troilus and Criseyde" to Gower and Strode is only "half serious." [RFY1981] Published Baum, Paull F. Chaucer: A Critical Appreciation. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1958, pp. 72, 144, 163. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer: A Critical Appreciation. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography and assessment of works; Gower presented as precursor to Chaucer. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Baldini, Gabriele. Published Baldini, Gabriele. Storia della Letteratura Inglese: La Tradizione Letteraria dell'Inghilterra Medioevale. Turin: Raadio Italiana, 1958, p. 12, 64. 70, 147, 197-99, 302. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Storia della Letteratura Inglese: La Tradizione Letteraria dell'Inghilterra Medioevale. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Hieatt, Constance. Published Hieatt, Constance. The Realism of Dream Visions: The Poetic Exploitation of the Dream-Experience in Chaucer and His Contemporaries. De Proprietatibus Litterarum, Series Poetica, no. 2. The Hague: Mouton, 1967, pp. 47-49. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Review Suggests that Gower was experimenting with the possibilities of dream, since his approach to the dream-vision in the CA is ambiguous; the Lover may be asleep when he meets Venus and Cupid, or he may not; his dreams are sometimes prophetic, and sometimes simple wish-fulfillment; his use of dreams in the stories is invariably different, tale to tale. Based on Hieatt's "Dream Allegory in Middle English Poetry: The Use of Dream Effects in Fourteenth-Century Dream Visions." Ph.D. Dissertation. Yale University, 1959. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Realism of Dream Visions: The Poetic Exploitation of the Dream-Experience in Chaucer and His Contemporaries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review McCulloch traces the image of the dying swan singing its song through a number of literary texts. Her starting point is Ovid's description in the Fasti of the swan that sings "when the cruel shaft (penna) has pierced his snowy brow." The medieval "encyclopedist" Brunetto Latini, in his Li Livres dou Tresor, misinterprets the word "penna" to mean "feather" (rather than "feathered shaft" or arrow) and so suggests that when death is imminent, one of the feathers of the swan's head is implanted in its brain, whereupon the bird begins its sweet song. Gower makes the same error in the CA, where he compares Dido's suicide to the swan that "For sorwe a fethere into hire brain / Sche schof" (4.107-08). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor McCulloch, Florence Published McCulloch, Florence. "The Dying Swan – A Misunderstanding." Modern Language Notes 74 (1959), pp. 289-292. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Dying Swan – A Misunderstanding Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prints 83 documents relating to Gower's life, in categorical as well as chronological order. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Fisher, John H. Published Fisher, John H. "A Calendar of Documents Relating to the Life of John Gower, the Poet." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 58 (1959): 1-23. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Calendar of Documents Relating to the Life of John Gower, the Poet. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Cites "Tale of Florent" (CA, Book I, 1407-1861) as part of the tradition including Chaucer's "Wife of Bath's Tale," the "Wedding of Sir Gawain," and the "Marriage of Gawain." Author/Editor Author/Editor Ackerman, Robert W. Published Ackerman, Robert W. "English Rimed and Prose Romances." Roger S. Loomis, ed. Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages: A Collaborative History (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959), pp. 501, 504. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Rimed and Prose Romances. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Meech, Sanford B. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Published Meech, Sanford B. Design in Chaucer's Troilus. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1959, pp. 18, 130, 137, 376. Review Gower is a moral poet, social critic, and friend of Chaucer's, to whom Chaucer dedicated "Troilus and Criseyde." [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 Title A name given to the resource Design in Chaucer's Troilus. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Attempts to define "complaint" poetry as a genre aimed primarily against the first two estates, the clergy and the aristocracy; draws on materials from Rolle, Langland, Wycliff, Chaucer, and Gower. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kinney, Thomas L. Published Kinney, Thomas L. "English Verse of Complaint, 1250-1400." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Michigan, 1959. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Verse of Complaint, 1250-1400. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Dédéyan published a series of essays on Dante in England in Les Lettres Romanes, volumes 12-15 (1958-1961), with the section on Gower being very brief. In it, Dédéyan repeats a pair of connections between Gower and Dante identified by Paget Toynbee (1909), agreeing that they may have been mediated by Petrarch and/or Chaucer. Gower's contribution to Dante's literary fortune in England, he concludes, is slim ("mince"; p. 179). [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Dédéyan, Charles. Published Dédéyan, Charles. "Dante en Angleterre: John Gower." Les Lettres Romanes 13 (1959): 177-79. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dante en Angleterre: John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Severs takes for granted here that Nicholas Trivet's Anglo-Norman "Chronicle" is the immediate source of Chaucer's Man of Law's Tale and of Gower's "Tale of Constance" in the "Confessio Amantis," and that Chaucer's "general correspondence" to Trivet is "closer than Gower's" (196). Comparing and quoting passages from the three versions, he argues that an original stanza has been lost from Chaucer's poem in the scene where Hermengyld's prayer miraculously cures the blindness of the old man. He also suggests that if Chaucer "borrowed bits of his tale from Gower's prior version, he certainly would have eked out any defective account in his Trivet MS by adopting the climactic events . . . from Gower, for these events are more striking and artistically more important than any of the minor touches which Chaucer did borrow from Gower" (197n4). [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Severs, J. Burke. Published Severs, J. Burke. "A Lost Chaucerian Stanza?" Modern Language Notes 74.3 (1959) 193-98. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Lost Chaucerian Stanza? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review An edition of MO, based on Macaulay (1899-1902), but re-done, with introduction and full glossary (where Macaulay gives definitions for only one form of the word Troendle gives all--2300 English definitions. Latin quotations traced and translated; new notes. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Troendle, Dorothy Fazackerley. Published Troendle, Dorothy Fazackerley. John Gower's Mirour de l'Omme. Ph.D. Dissertation. Brown University, 1960. Unrestricted access at https://www.proquest.com/docview/301894670. Accessed June 15, 2022. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower's Mirour de l'Omme. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review On Gower's use of the word "fayrie," and on the indirect influence of the CA, as a framed story, on Spenser. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Parker, M. Pauline. Published Parker, M. Pauline. The Allegory of the Faerie Queene. Oxford; Clarendon Press, 1950, pp. 12, 27 Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Allegory of the Faerie Queene. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower is more formally skillful than Chaucer, but Chaucer's versions of the tales they tell in common are never monotonous, and richer in detail. In Japanese; English abstract. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Ito, Masayoshi. Published Ito, Masayoshi. "Chaucer and Gower as Storytellers." Bunka (Tohoku University): 24 (1960): 29-48. Reprinted in Takero Oiji, ed. Chaucer to sono shuben (Toyko: Kenkysha, 1968, chapter 5. English version available in Ito's John Gower, The Medieval Poet (Tokyo: Shinozaki Shorin, 1976), pp. 39-59. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and Gower as Storytellers. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Cunningham, J. V. Published Cunningham, J. V. Tradition and Poetic Structure: Essays in Literary History and Criticism. Denver: Alan Swallow, 1960, pp. 63, 65-66, 69. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Review The CA is a poem of the dream-vision tradition, heavily dependent on the "Roman de la Rose; the "Tale of Rosiphelee" is also a dream vision. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tradition and Poetic Structure: Essays in Literary History and Criticism. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Wenzel, Siegfried. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Review Discusses Gower's of Acedia in his MO, where he personifies the sin, and gives a description rich in iconographic detail. [RFY1981] Published Wenzel, Siegfried. The Sin of Sloth: "Acedia" in Medieval Thought and Literature. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1960, pp. 114, 117-20, 193, 221, 229, 234-45, 237-39, 243. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Title A name given to the resource The Sin of Sloth: "Acedia" in Medieval Thought and Literature. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography and assessment of works; Gower exemplifies "verse craftsmanship without genius"; more than Chaucer, he is "disturbed by the upheavals in contemporary society." [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Daiches, David Published Daiches, David. A Critical History of English Literature. 2 vols. New York: Ronald Press, 1960, I, 121-25. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Critical History of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960