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              <text>"Wrote good verse, but not good poetry"; plot summary of CA; Gower was a moralist and a patriot. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Hearn, Lafcadio. </text>
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              <text>Gower was a friend of Chaucer, a man of London, and a poet of some ability, although he wrote more than he should have. Prints and comments on Gower's Tale of Ceyx and Alcyone (CA Book IV) and Chaucer's version of the story from the "Book of the Duchess," followed by a portion of the Tale of Constance and of "The Man of Law's Tale." [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
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              <text>Quiller-Couch, Sir Arthur T. The Age of Chaucer. London and Toronto: Dent, 1926, pp. 51-67, 89, 122. </text>
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Confessio Amantis&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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              <text>Brief biography and assessment of individual works: Gower was more a moralist than a poet. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Legouis, Emile.&#13;
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              <text>Legouis, Emile, and Louis Cazamian. A History of English Literature. 2 vols. Translated by H. D. Irvine. London and Toronto: Dent, 1926, pp. 77-81, 82, 83, 93, 99, 103, 106, 277. </text>
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              <text>Houston, Percy Hazen. Main Currents of English Literature: A Brief Literary History of the English People. New York: Crofts, 1926, pp. 39, 50, 51, 463, 494. </text>
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              <text>"Moral" is not a bad description of Gower's poetry--and more polite than "dull." [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
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              <text>Brawley, Benjamin. A New Survey of English Literature: A Text Book for Colleges. New York: Knopf, 1925, pp. 25, 27, 31, 34, 37-38, 65. </text>
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                <text>A New Survey of English Literature.</text>
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              <text>Mentions works; notes epithet "moral Gower"; cites "Gesta Romanorum" as source. [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
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              <text>Smith, Lewis W.&#13;
Hathaway, Esse V.</text>
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              <text>Describes CA as "a larger, and a better, collection of tales than any which had preceded it in English," but agrees with James R. Lowell's opinion (1871) that the "writings of Gower are most aptly called 'works'." [RFY1981; rev. MA] </text>
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Aikin, William M.</text>
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Confessio Amantis</text>
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              <text>Fletcher, Robert Huntington.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96371">
              <text>Fletcher, Robert Huntington. A History of English Literature. Boston: Badger, 1916, pp. 69-70. </text>
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              <text>Brief description of Gower as poet, his life and times, with pictures by Pre-Raphaelites. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Parrott, Edward.</text>
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              <text>Parrott, Edward. The Pageant of English Literature. New York: Sully and Kleintelch; London: Nelson, 1914, pp. 123-28</text>
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                <text>1914</text>
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              <text>Compares and contrasts Gower with Chaucer and with Langland; "For all the medievalism of his subjects . . . he remains a modern writer. [RFY1981]</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96359">
              <text>Mair, G. H. Modern English Literature: From Chaucer to the Present Day. New York: Holt, 1914, pp. 4, 8, 13, 14</text>
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              <text>Gower was a friend of Chaucer. CA is a poem similar to "The Canterbury Tales." [RFY1981]</text>
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Lailavoix, L., trans.</text>
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              <text>Legouis, Emile. Geoffrey Chaucer. Translated by L. Lailavoix. London: Dent, 1913. Reprinted 1928, pp. 4, 5n, 9, 18, 33, 45, 141, 142, 147, 159. Originally published in French, Geoffroy Chaucer. Paris: Bloud, 1910. </text>
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1910</text>
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Shelly, Percy Van Dyke</text>
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Seccombe, Thomas.</text>
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                <text>A History of English Literature.</text>
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              <text>Brief biography; assessment of works as political and religious criticism; picture of tomb effigy, p. 144. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96323">
              <text>Wülker, Richard. Geschichte der enlischen Literatur, von den altesten Zeiten bis zur Gegenwart. 2 vols. Leipzig and Vienna: Bibliographical Institute, 1906, pp. 100, 143-46, 150, 152, 156, 174, 179, 197, 201, 223, 255. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="96319">
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              <text>Brief, generally negative assessment of works as overly moral, slow moving and dull. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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            <elementText elementTextId="96316">
              <text>Newcomer, Alphonso Gerald.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96317">
              <text>Newcomer, Alphonso Gerald. English Literature. Chicago: Scott, Foresman, 1905, pp. 47-48. </text>
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        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96318">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="96313">
                <text>English Literature.</text>
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                <text>1905</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96309">
              <text>Repeats James R. Lowell's (1871) claim that "Gower's work is painfully dull," and Thomas Lounsbury's opinion that Chaucer surpassed Gower "in popularity, in poetical skill, and in true merit." Describes MO as a "sermon," VC as a "moral allegory, and CA as a "collection of tales in verse illustrating that 'love' which was the topic of chivalrous romances." Treats Gower as Chaucer's "friend" and generally inferior poetic colleague, among the "lesser lights" of the age. [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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              <text>Jenks, Tudor.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96311">
              <text>Jenks, Tudor. In the Days of Chaucer. New York: Barnes, 1904, pp. 110, 113, 215, 217-22, 227, 250</text>
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        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96312">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="96307">
                <text>In the Days of Chaucer.</text>
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                <text>1904</text>
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  <item itemId="10039" public="1" featured="0">
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              <text>Brief biography and description of major works; the tales of CA are "too dull to occupy interest of present-day readers." [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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              <text>Simonds, William Edward.</text>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96305">
              <text>Simonds, William Edward. A Student's History of English Literature. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1902, pp. 54, 58-59, 66, 69, 84, 86</text>
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        <element elementId="56">
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            <elementText elementTextId="96306">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="96301">
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                <text>1902</text>
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  <item itemId="10038" public="1" featured="0">
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              <text>Brief biography; list of works; assessment: "tedious versifier." Gower borrowed plot of "Florent" from Chaucer's "Wife of Bath's Tale." [RFY1981; rev, MA]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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            <elementText elementTextId="96298">
              <text>Engel, E.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96299">
              <text>Engel, E. A History of English Literature (600-1900). Translated by Hamley Bent. New York: Dutton; London: Methuen, 1902, pp. 65, 69-70. </text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96300">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="96295">
                <text>A History of English Literature (600-1900).</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96285">
              <text>Brief biography and discussion of all Gower's major poems (CA, VC, MO, and CB), with recurrent attention to his relations to Chaucer, and taking care to distinguish between French and Gower's Anglo-Norman dialect (pp. 105-06). Gower uses poetry not to move the fancy, but for didactic purposes; nevertheless, CA offers "a repository of tales, simple, straightforward, unadulterated and unadorned" (119). [RFY1981; rev. MA] </text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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              <text> Snell, F. J.</text>
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Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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1896&#13;
1895</text>
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              <text>Thumbnail outline of Gower's life, works, and assessment: "pedantic." [RFY1981] </text>
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              <text>Brooks, S. W. "Some Predecessors of Spenser." Poet Lore 1 (1889): 214-16. </text>
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              <text>Influence and Later Allusion&#13;
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                <text>An Outline .Sketch of English Literature.</text>
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              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism&#13;
Language and Word Studies</text>
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              <text>Modest praise of Gower in comparison with Chaucer: though not "a poet of nature's growth," Gower helped to render English "less rude," and is "always sensible, polished, perspicuous, and not prosaic in the worst sense of the word."  [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
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              <text>Vox Clamantis&#13;
Confessioi Amantis</text>
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              <text>Backus, Truman J. Shaw's New History of English Literature. New York: Sheldon, 1875. Rev. ed. 1884, pp. 59-60. </text>
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1884</text>
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              <text>Gower was moral and pedantic; CA was based on the "Roman de la Rose." [RFY1981]</text>
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Influence and Later Allusion</text>
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Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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Confessio Amantis</text>
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              <text>Argues that Gower's popularity in his own time, and in the hundred or so years following his death, was due primarily to a contemporary taste for elaborate allegory, not to the poet's talent. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Pauli, Reinhold.</text>
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              <text>Pauli, Reinhold. Pictures of Old England. Translated by E.C. Otto. London: Macmillan, 1861, pp. 212-16, 220-26. Argues </text>
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              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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              <text>Gower is a treasure house of information about medieval attitudes and life, but possesses little genius. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Campbell, Thomas. An Essay on English Poetry: With Notices of the English Poets. London: J. Murray, 1848, pp. 135-36. </text>
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              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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              <text>Date of birth; allusions by Chaucer and Lydgate; outline of the CA. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Craik, George L.</text>
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              <text>Craik, George L. Sketches of the History of Literature and Learning in England from the Norman Conquest to the Accession of Elizabeth. 2 vols. London: Charles Knight, 1844, II, 90-101. </text>
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              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism&#13;
Confessio Amantis</text>
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              <text>Gower was a moral poet; names only the CA as his work. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Chambers, Robert.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96119">
              <text>Chambers, Robert. History of the English Language and Literature. Hartford, CT: Edward Hopkins, 1837, p. 13.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96120">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96111">
              <text>Quotes Chaucer-editors John Urry (1721) and Thomas Tyrwhitt (1775) to show Gower was a fickle seeker after power; unlike him, Chaucer addressed "not one line . . . in the way of adulation to the usurper." [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Clarke, Charles C.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96113">
              <text>Clarke, Charles C. The Riches of Chaucer. London: E. Wilson, 1835, I, 35. </text>
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        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96114">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism&#13;
Biography of Gower</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="96109">
                <text>The Riches of Chaucer.</text>
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  <item itemId="10006" public="1" featured="0">
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            <elementText elementTextId="96105">
              <text>Compares Gower to Chaucer, citing the latter as the more musical versifier. [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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            <elementText elementTextId="96106">
              <text>Dryden, John.</text>
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              <text>Dryden, John. "Preface to The Fables, 1700." In Selected Works of John Dryden. Edited by William Frost. New York: Holt, Reinhart, and Winston, 1967, p. 397. </text>
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          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96108">
              <text>Style, Rhetoric, and Versification&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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    </itemType>
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                <text>Preface to The Fables, 1700.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="96104">
                <text>1700&#13;
1967</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96099">
              <text>Gower and Chaucer "were of the first age" of English poets (i.e., those writing in the English tongue) and are supposed by Puttenham to have been knights. [RFY1981] </text>
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          <description>Author/Editor</description>
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              <text>Puttenham, George.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96101">
              <text>Puttenham, George. The Arte of English Poesie Contrived into Three Books; the First of Poets and Poesie, the Second of Proportion, the Third of Ornament. London: Richard Field, Printer, 1589, p. 48. </text>
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          <name>Gower Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96102">
              <text>Influence and Later Allusion&#13;
Biography of Gower</text>
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                <text>The Arte of English Poesie Contrived into Three Books; the First of Poets and Poesie, the Second of Proportion, the Third of Ornament.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96093">
              <text>Gower and Chaucer compared to Amphion, Orpheus, Livy, Andronicus, Ennius, Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio as users of mother-tongue for poetry, and of beginning English tradition. Originally written some years earlier, the "Defence" was first published by William Ponsonby of London in 1595. [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96095">
              <text>Sidney, Sir Philip. "The Defence of Poesie." The Prose Works of Philip Sidney. Vol. 3 of 4. Edited by Albert Feuillerat. Cambridge: MA: Harvard University Press, 1912. Reprinted 1962, 1963, 1968, p. 4.</text>
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                <text>The Defence of Poesie.</text>
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                <text>1595&#13;
1912</text>
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              <text>Cites Gower (CA, Pro. 971) for the argument that man must die because he is composed of contrary elements. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Rowe, Donald W.</text>
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              <text>Rowe, Donald W. O Love, O Charite: Contraries Harmonized in Chaucer's Troilus. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1976, p. 178n.</text>
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              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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              <text>Gower's attitude toward science, and his knowledge of its various aspects, were standard for literary men of his time. Unlike Chaucer, who apparently sometimes practiced what he described, Gower seems to draw most of his learning from books. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Manzalaoui, Mahmoud.</text>
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              <text>Manzalaoui, Mahmoud. "Chaucer and Science." In Derek Brewer, ed. Geoffrey Chaucer. Writers and Their Background (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1975), pp. 228n, 229-30. </text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96084">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and Science.</text>
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                <text>1975</text>
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              <text>Gower seems to know a great deal about astrology, and uses its vocabulary accurately and extensively in the CA, primarily to make religious points. He may have been the first in English to define astronomy and astrology with their modern denotations, condoned magic when used for a good purpose, was probably not interested in legal aspects of judicial astrology, and knew the French version of the "Secretum Secretorum" and perhaps the Latin "Secretum Astronomiae." [RFY1981; MA]</text>
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              <text>Wedel, Theodore Otto.</text>
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              <text>Wedel, Theodore Otto. The Mediaeval Attitude toward Astrology, Particularly in England. Yale Studies in English, no. 60. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1920, pp. 76n, 104-05, 113, 116, 122, 132-42, 147, 153. </text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96072">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism&#13;
Confessio Amantis&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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                <text>The Medieval Attitude toward Astrology, Particularly in England.</text>
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                <text>1920</text>
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              <text>Gower built the CA around a union of two traditions--courtly love and penance. Central images are of priest/physician and lover/sick man. Studies the tradition in a range of literature from the penitentials and Alanus de Insulis's "De Planctu Naturae" through CA. [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Fitzpatrick, John F.</text>
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              <text>Fitzpatrick, John F. "Courtly Love and the Confessional in English Literature from 1215 to John Gower." Ph.D. Dissertation, Indiana University, 1978. Dissertation Abstracts International A39.02. Full text accessible via ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses; accessed December 5, 2022.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96066">
              <text>Confessio Amantis&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="96061">
                <text>Courtly Love and the Confessional in English Literature from 1215 to John Gower.</text>
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                <text>1978</text>
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  <item itemId="9998" public="1" featured="0">
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            <elementText elementTextId="96057">
              <text>Gower's CA is part of a cluster of poems with love at their center to come out of the English court; also cites Chaucer and Usk. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96058">
              <text>Reiss, Edmund.</text>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96059">
              <text>Reiss, Edmund. "Chaucer's Courtly Love." In Larry D. Benson, ed. The Learned and the Lewd: Studies in Chaucer and Medieval Literature. Harvard English Studies, no. 5 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974), pp. 95-111. </text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96060">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism&#13;
Confessio Amantis</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Chaucer's Courtly Love.</text>
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                <text>1974</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96051">
              <text>Argues that although Gower's story is based on versions in the "Roman de Troie" and Ovid's "Metamorphoses," he makes his own tale by emending his sources freely, focusing his story on the lovers, and Jason's betrayal. original version in Japanese, with an English abstract. [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96052">
              <text>Itô, Masayoshi.</text>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96053">
              <text>Itô, Masayoshi. "John Gower's 'Jason and Medea--A Story of Golden Love." Bulletin of the Faculty of Education (Shizuoka University) 25 (1974): 78-89. English version in Ito's John Gower: The Medieval Poet (Tokyo: Shinzaki Shorin, 1976), 80-100. </text>
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        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96054">
              <text>Confessio Amantis&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>John Gower's "Jason and Medea"--A Story of Golden Love.</text>
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                <text>1974</text>
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          <elementContainer>
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      <elementContainer>
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            <elementText elementTextId="96045">
              <text>Shows how the gods of love are treated in the School of Chartres, Alanus de Insulis, Jean de Meun, Ovid, and courtly love tradition. Gods are basically negative for Gower, but also sometime represent Caritas as well as Cupiditas. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Williams, Lynn Flinckinger. </text>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96047">
              <text>Williams, Lynn Flinckinger. "The Gods of Love in Ancient and Medieval Literature as Background of John Gower's 'Confessio Amantis'." Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, 1967. Dissertation Abstracts International 28 A4193. </text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96048">
              <text>Confessio Amantis&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Amantis</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="96043">
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                <text>1967</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96039">
              <text>Cites George Puttenham (1589) on Gower's "knighthood"; uses CA as one example of courtly love poetry, and to show how "the game of love" was played at court; also quotes Gower on the use of "disour." [RFY1981]</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96040">
              <text>Stevens, John.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96041">
              <text>Stevens, John. Music and Poetry in the Early Tudor Court. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1961, pp. 7, 147, 157, 160-61, 164, 173-74, 177, 181, 189, 192, 299. </text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96042">
              <text>Confessio Amantis&#13;
Language and Word Studies</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="96037">
                <text>Music and Poetry in the Early Tudor Court.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1961</text>
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  <item itemId="9994" public="1" featured="0">
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      <name>GowerType</name>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96033">
              <text>In the CA, traditions of penitential literature and secular amorous verse, rooted in the classical tradition, come together to provide the shaping structure for the poem. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96034">
              <text>McNally, John D.</text>
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          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96035">
              <text>McNally, John D. "Gower, Ovid, and the 'Religion' of Courtly Love: The Shaping of the 'Confessio Amantis'." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Chicago, 1961. </text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96036">
              <text>Confessio Amantis&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
            </elementText>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="96031">
                <text>Gower, Ovid, and the "Religion" of Courtly Love: The Shaping of the "Confessio Amantis."</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1961</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
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        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96027">
              <text>"The Church of Love is the poetic 'religion' of which the deities are the pagan Venus and Cupid and the religious forms of those of the Christian Church. The study seeks to determine how the Church of Love and the love-deities were employed in Latin and French before Chaucer and Gower and to what extent they followed their predecessors." Study mostly on Chaucer,  but includes discussion of Gower's CA. [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
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              <text>Jacobson, John Howard.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96029">
              <text>Jacobson, John Howard. "The Church of Love in the Works of Chaucer and Gower." Ph.D. Dissertation, Yale University, 1939. Dissertation Abstracts International A31.05. Available via ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses; accessed December 5, 2022. </text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96030">
              <text>Confessio Amantis&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="96025">
                <text>The Church of Love in the Works of Chaucer and Gower.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1939</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96022">
              <text>Lüdeke, Henry.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96023">
              <text>Lüdeke, H.  Die Funktionen des Erzählers in Chaucers epischer Dichtung. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1928, pp. 5-6, 13, 14, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 48. </text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96024">
              <text>Confessio Amantis&#13;
Style, Rhetoric, and Versification&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="99452">
              <text>Argues that CA is an amorous dream vision, representative of the traditions in its handling of natural scenery, opening lines, and characterization. Puts Chaucer in the context of French amorous writers, Gower, Langland, "Pearl," and continental poets such as Machaut, Boccaccio, and Dante. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="96019">
                <text>Die Funktionen des Erzahlers in Chaucers epischer Dichtung.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="96020">
                <text>1928</text>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="9991" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96015">
              <text>Briefly mentions Gower as a writer of amorous poetry. [RBFY1981]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96016">
              <text>Hochdorfer, Karl F.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96017">
              <text>Hochdorfer, Karl F. "Observations on the Language of the Court of Love." Ph.D. Dissertation. Harvard University, 1888, p. 6. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96018">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="96013">
                <text>Observations on the Language of the Court of Love.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="96014">
                <text>1888</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9990" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96009">
              <text>Uses Gower as one of several examples of writers with belief in a graded--not to be called reactionary--view of society. [RFY1981]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96010">
              <text>Friedman, Albert B.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96011">
              <text>Friedman, Albert B. "'When Adam Delved' . . . Contexts of an Historical Proverb." In Larry D. Benson, ed. The Learned and the Lewd: Studies in Chaucer and Medieval Literature. Harvard English Studies, no. 5 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974), pp. 213-30. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96012">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="96007">
                <text>"When Adam Delved" . . . Contexts of an Historical Proverb.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="96008">
                <text>1974</text>
              </elementText>
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  <item itemId="9988" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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      <elementContainer>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95997">
              <text>Chaucer knew well and used all of Gower's works, as Mann attempts to demonstrate through individual discussions of Chaucer's characters and of Gower's, taken from MO and VC primarily. Her concern is always to show not only likeness and dissimilarity, but also to place social context carefully as background and rationale for creation of character. [RFY1981]</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95998">
              <text>Mann, Jill.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95999">
              <text>Mann, Jill. Chaucer and Medieval Estates Satire: The Literature of Social Classes and the General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973. </text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="96000">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations&#13;
Influence and Later Allusion&#13;
Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis)&#13;
Vox Clamantis</text>
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      </elementContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95995">
                <text>Chaucer and Medieval Estates Satire: The Literature of Social Classes and the General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1973</text>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="9987" public="1" featured="0">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
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      <elementContainer>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95991">
              <text>Gower is more politically concerned than Chaucer, at least judging from the evidence in the poems; Chaucer more capable than Gower of imaginative flights, but Gower the steadier craftsman. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95992">
              <text>Hussey, S. S.</text>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95993">
              <text>Hussey, S. S. " The Minor Poems and the Prose." In W.F. Bolton, ed. The Middle Ages. Sphere History of Literature in the English Language, vol. 1 (London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1970), pp. 230, 258, 259. </text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95994">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="95989">
                <text>The Minor Poems and the Prose.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="95990">
                <text>1970</text>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
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      <name>GowerType</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="95985">
              <text>A broadly inclusive study of complaint poetry, covering poets as diverse as Marcabru and Dunbar; notes of Gower that the VC is part of the complaint genre, and contains many instances of the "world turned upside down"--Book III, Chapters 14, 15; Book VII, Chapters 3, 4, 23. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Keller, Joseph R. "The Triumph of Vice: A Formal Approach to the Medieval Complaint Against the Times." Annuale Mediaevale 10 (1969): 120-37. </text>
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          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95988">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism&#13;
Vox Clamantis</text>
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              <text>Primarily a study of early Modern English, using a modified "history of ideas" approach. Topics include "Gower's Pacifism," "Gower's Politics," "Gower on Kingship," Gower on Love," always with the concern to show how these affect his use of language. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Cottle, Basil.</text>
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              <text>Cottle, Basil. The Triumph of English, 1150-1400. London: Barnes and Noble, 1969, pp. 22, 40, 43, 68-69, 120-26, 138, 258, 270, 293-97, 303. </text>
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              <text>Language and Word Studies</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="95973">
              <text>In Japanese; no English abstract. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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              <text>Oiji, Takero.</text>
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          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="95975">
              <text>Oiji, Takero. "Wat Tyler's Rebellion and English Literature." In Takero Oiji, ed. Chaucer to sono shuhen [Chaucer and His Contemporary Poets] (Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1968), chapter 12. Reprinted in 14 seiki no eibungaku, IV (Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1976), chapter 2. </text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95976">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="95971">
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                <text>1968</text>
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      <name>GowerType</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="95967">
              <text>While Gower attacks court corruption, he also has a "healthy contempt" for common people. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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              <text>Kinney, Thomas L</text>
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              <text>Kinney, Thomas L. "The Temper of Fourteenth-Century English Verse of Complaint." Annuale Mediaevale 7 (1966): 74-89.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95970">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="95965">
                <text>The Temper of Fourteenth-Century English Verse of Complaint.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="95966">
                <text>1966</text>
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          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95961">
              <text>Sees Gower as less of a political satirist than Skelton, whose frequent allusions to Gower, Chaucer, and Lydgate are not wholly serious. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95962">
              <text>Fish, Stanley E.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95963">
              <text>Fish, Stanley E. John Skelton's Poetry. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1965. Reprinted 1967, pp. 33, 231, 232</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95964">
              <text>Influence and Later Allusion</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="95959">
                <text>John Skelton's Poetry.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95960">
                <text>1965</text>
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  <item itemId="9981" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
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    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95955">
              <text>Gower is like Dante and Langland in fearing church corruption, and stating it directly. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95956">
              <text>Huppé, Bernard.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95957">
              <text>Huppé, Bernard. A Reading of the Canterbury Tales.. Albany: State University of New York, 1964. Rev ed., 1967, pp. 190, 219.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95958">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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              <elementText elementTextId="95953">
                <text>A Reading of the Canterbury Tales.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95954">
                <text>1964</text>
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  <item itemId="9980" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95949">
              <text>Notes that Gower makes ample use of the mode of veniality satire developed by the eleventh century, particularly in the VC, following earlier models in conservative fashion. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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              <text>Yunck, John A.</text>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95951">
              <text>Yunck, John A. The Lineage of Lady Meed: The Development of Medieval Veniality Satire. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1963, pp. 262-65, 298.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95952">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="95947">
                <text>The Lineage of Lady Meed: The Development of Medieval Veniality Satire.</text>
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                <text>1963</text>
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          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95937">
              <text>Attempts to define "complaint" poetry as a genre aimed primarily against the first two estates, the clergy and the aristocracy; draws on materials from Rolle, Langland, Wycliff, Chaucer, and Gower. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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              <text>Kinney, Thomas L.</text>
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              <text>Kinney, Thomas L. "English Verse of Complaint, 1250-1400." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Michigan, 1959. </text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95940">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="95935">
                <text>English Verse of Complaint, 1250-1400.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1959</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>GowerType</name>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95932">
              <text>In VC, Gower more fully reflects the political conservatism of fourteenth-century London than Chaucer does anywhere; the dedication of "Troilus and Criseyde" to Gower and Strode is only "half serious." [RFY1981]</text>
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          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95933">
              <text>Baum, Paull F. Chaucer: A Critical Appreciation. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1958, pp. 72, 144, 163.</text>
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          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95934">
              <text>Vox Clamantis</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95930">
                <text>Chaucer: A Critical Appreciation.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95931">
                <text>1958</text>
              </elementText>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="9976" public="1" featured="0">
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                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95926">
              <text>A brief overview of Gower's major works, with the conclusion that Gower was aristocratic in his audience, and basically conservative, although his moral attacks on feudalism show how near was this system's end. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95927">
              <text>Schlauch, Margaret.</text>
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        </element>
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          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95928">
              <text>Schlauch, Margaret. English Medieval Literature and Its Social Foundations. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1956, pp. 221-24. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95929">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95924">
                <text>English Medieval Literature and Its Social Foundations.</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95925">
                <text>1956</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9975" public="1" featured="0">
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                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95920">
              <text>Unexamined [RFY1981]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95921">
              <text>Siegmund-Schultze, Dorothea.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95922">
              <text>Siegmund-Schultze, Dorothea. "Gesellschaftwissenschaftsliche Beitrage zu John Gower." Ph.D. Dissertation. Leipzig University, 1952. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95923">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95918">
                <text>Gesellschaftwissenschaftsliche Beitrage zu John Gower.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95919">
                <text>1952</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9974" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95914">
              <text>Gower as an example of a "vein of pessimism," discoverable in medieval thought; uses scholastic methods of structure; argues that Chaucer's "Troilus" was written prior to 1377 because Gower seems to allude to it in the MO. [RFY1981]</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95915">
              <text>Tatlock, J. S. P.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95916">
              <text>Tatlock, J. S. P. The Mind and Art of Chaucer. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1950. Reprint. New York: Gordian Press, 1966, pp. 19, 27, 51.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95917">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95912">
                <text>The Mind and Art of Chaucer.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95913">
                <text>1950</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9973" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95908">
              <text>Gower as a critic of church corruption. [RFY1981]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95909">
              <text>Trevelyan, G. M.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95910">
              <text>Trevelyan, G. M. English Social History: A Survey of Sic Centuries, from Chaucer to Queen Victoria. London: Longmans, Green, 1942, pp. 2, 40, 49. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95911">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95906">
                <text>English Social History: A Survey of Six Centuries, from Chaucer to Queen Victoria.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95907">
                <text>1942</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9971" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95896">
              <text>Gower, along with Usk, Langland, and Scogan, wrote poetry to protest the decay of morals in the later fourteenth century; Gower praises the virtue of charity. [RFY1981]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95897">
              <text>Horrell, Joe.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95898">
              <text>Horrell, Joe. "Chaucer's Symbolic Plowman." Speculum 14 (1939): 82-92. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95899">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95894">
                <text>Chaucer's Symbolic Plowman.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95895">
                <text>1939</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9970" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95890">
              <text>Gower's attitude in the VC, with its vicious allegorical on the leaders of the Peasants' Revolt, is contrasted with Chaucer's presentation of common people. [RFY1981]</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95891">
              <text>Marcus, Hans.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95892">
              <text>Marcus, Hans. "Chaucer, der Freund des einfachen Mannes." Archiv für das St]udium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen 172 (1937): 28-41. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95893">
              <text>Vox Clamantis</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95888">
                <text>Chaucer, der Freund des einfachen Mannes.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95889">
                <text>1937</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9969" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95884">
              <text>Argues that all of Gower's major works fall within the tradition of the poem of instruction addressed to a ruler (also known as a mirror for princes genre) [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95885">
              <text> Kleineke, Wilhelm</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95886">
              <text> Kleineke, Wilhelm. Englische Fürstenspiegel vom Policraticus Johanns bis zum Basilikon Doron König Jakobs I. Studien zur englischen Philologie, no. 90. Halle: Niemeyer, 1937, pp. 129-35</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95887">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95882">
                <text>Englische Fürstenspiegel vom Policraticus Johanns bis zum Basilikon Doron König Jakobs I.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95883">
                <text>1937</text>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95878">
              <text>Uses Gower as an example of complaint in late the fourteenth century against the corruption of the times. [RFY11981]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95879">
              <text>Wingfield-Stratford, Esme.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95880">
              <text>Wingfield-Stratford, Esme. The History of British Civilization. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1933, pp. 279-80. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95881">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95876">
                <text>The History of British Civilization.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95877">
                <text>1933</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9967" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95872">
              <text>Uses MO, VC, and CA as source materials for a presentation of fourteenth-century conservative social attitudes; sees the three poems as representing a consistent viewpoint, supportive of the status quo. [RFY1981]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95873">
              <text>Mohl, Ruth.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95874">
              <text>Mohl, Ruth. The Three Estates in Medieval and Renaissance Literature. New York: Ungar, 1933, pp. 28ff., 105ff., 230ff., 278-79, 299ff., 329, 356-57. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95875">
              <text>Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis)&#13;
Vox Clamantis&#13;
Confessio Amantis</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95870">
                <text>The Three Estates in Medieval and Renaissance Literature.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95871">
                <text>1933</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9966" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95866">
              <text>Unexamined. [RFY1981]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95867">
              <text>Vogt, George McGill.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95868">
              <text>Vogt, George McGill. "The Peasant in Middle English Literature." Ph.D. Dissertation. Harvard University, 1923.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95869">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95864">
                <text>The Peasant in Middle English Literature.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95865">
                <text>1923</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9964" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95855">
              <text>Summarizes Gower's criticisms of the Church for corruption found in MO, VC, and CA. [RFY1981]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95856">
              <text>Schneider, Rudolf.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95857">
              <text>Schneider, Rudolf. "Der Monch in der englischen Dichtung bis auf Lewis's 'Monk,' 1795." Palaestra 155 (1928): 46-50. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95858">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95852">
                <text>Der Monch in der englischen Dichtung bis auf Lewis's 'Monk,' 1795.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95853">
                <text>1928</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9963" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95848">
              <text>Gower and Chaucer both use arguments which John Ball might have used to teach duty. [RFY19811]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95849">
              <text>Raleigh, Sir Walter.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95850">
              <text>Raleigh, Sir Walter. On Writing and Writers: Being Extracts from His Notebooks. Selected and edited by George Gordon. London: Edward Arnold, 1926, p. 105. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95851">
              <text>Influence and Later Allusion</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95846">
                <text>On Writing and Writers: Being Extracts from His Notebooks.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95847">
                <text>1926</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9962" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95842">
              <text>Examines Gower's attitudes towards the Peasants' Revolt as expressed in the MO and VC; concludes Gower was no democrat. A "Prospectus" for this study was also published in Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen 137 (1918): 128. [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95843">
              <text>Eberhard, Oscar.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95844">
              <text>Eberhard, Oscar. "Der Bauernaufstand vom Jahre 1381 in der englischen Poesie." Anglistische Forschungen 51 (1916): 13-15, 37-43. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95845">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism&#13;
Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis)&#13;
Vox Clamantis</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95840">
                <text>Der Bauernaufstand vom Jahre 1381 in der englischen Poesie.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95841">
                <text>1916</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9961" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95836">
              <text>Asserts that Gower was a political conservative, frightened by the Peasants' Revolt; he adopted the code of courtly love in the CA, "with no thought of incongruity." [RFY1981; rev. MA]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95837">
              <text>Kittredge, George Lyman.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95838">
              <text>Kittredge, George Lyman. Chaucer and His Poetry. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1915; sixteenth printing, 1970, pp. 3, 130. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95839">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism&#13;
Confessio Amantis</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95834">
                <text>Chaucer and His Poetry.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95835">
                <text>1915</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9960" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25233">
                  <text>Gower Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>GowerType</name>
      <description>Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Review</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95830">
              <text>Uses Gower as evidence of Londoners' changing views of Henry IV, Richard II; presumes Londoners wavered according to who was in power. [RFY1981]</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="97">
          <name>Author/Editor</name>
          <description>Author/Editor</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95831">
              <text>Wingfield-Stratford, Esme.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95832">
              <text>Wingfield-Stratford, Esme. The History of English Patriotism. 2 vols. London: John Lane, 1913, I, 92, 93, 95, 97, 587.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Gower Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95833">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95828">
                <text>The History of English Patriotism.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="95829">
                <text>1913</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="9959" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <text>Includes close examination of MO, 18421-21780; VC, Books III and IV; and CA, Prologue, from the viewpoint of religious criticism. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Gebhard, Heinrich.</text>
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              <text>Gebhard, Heinrich. Langlands und Gowers Kritik der kirchlichen Verhaltnisse ihrer Zeit. Strassburg: Hornberg, 1911. </text>
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                <text>Langlands und Gowers Kritik der kirchlichen Verhaltnisse ihrer Zeit.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="95818">
              <text>Unexamined. [RFY1981]</text>
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              <text>Evans, J. F. </text>
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        <element elementId="55">
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            <elementText elementTextId="95820">
              <text>Evans, J. F. "The Attitude of Chaucer Towards Chivalry. The Church, and the People, Compared with that of Langland, Wycliff, and Gower." M.A. Thesis. Wales University, 1911. </text>
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                <text>The Attitude of Chaucer Towards Chivalry. The Church, and the People, Compared with that of Langland, Wycliff, and Gower.</text>
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                <text>1911</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="95812">
              <text>Cites Gower as a social/political critic of the late fourteenth century. [RFY1981]</text>
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        <element elementId="97">
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            <elementText elementTextId="95813">
              <text>Buckland, Anna.</text>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95814">
              <text>Buckland, Anna. The Story of English Literature. London: Cassell, 1911, p. 60. </text>
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          <name>Gower Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95815">
              <text>Backgrounds and General Criticism</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="95810">
                <text>The Story of English Literature.</text>
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                <text>1911</text>
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        <element elementId="52">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="95806">
              <text>Uses poems of Chaucer, Gower, and Langland to support conclusions about topics such as "Clothing," "Meals," and so forth. Primarily concerned with poetry as social history. [RFY1981]</text>
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          <name>Author/Editor</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="95807">
              <text>Kröllreutter, Maria.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="95808">
              <text>Kröllreutter, Maria. Das Privatleben in England nach den Chaucer, Gower, und Langland. Halle: E. Karras, 1908.</text>
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&#13;
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              <text>Alden, Raymond M.</text>
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              <text>Alden, Raymond M. The Rise of Formal Satire in England Under Classical Influence. University of Pennsylvania Series in Philology, Literature, and Archaeology, vol. VII, no, 2, 1899. Reprint. Hamden: CT: Archon, 1962, pp. 12, 151. </text>
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              <text>Vogt, George McGill.</text>
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              <text>Vogt, George McGill. "Gleanings for the History of a Sentiment: Generositas Virtus, Non Sanguis." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 24 (1925): 102-24. </text>
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Language and Word Studies</text>
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