4 100 2176 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review CA and MO are firmly within the exemplum tradition. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Welter, J. T. Published Welter, J. T. L'Exemplum dans la Littérature Religieuse et Didactique du Moyen Age. Paris: Occitania, 1927, pp. 207-09. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource L'Exemplum dans la Littérature Religieuse et Didactique du Moyen Age. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief discussions of stories that Gower and Chaucer tell in common; comparisons of characterization in MO and VC with Chaucer's style of handling characters. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor French, Robert D. Published French, Robert D. A Chaucer Handbook. New York: Crofts, 1927, pp. 25-26, 221-22, 231, 268, 284, 334, 339, 340, 363. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Chaucer Handbook. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review An early version of the "Coffee-table" Book: large and illustrated social-literary history; biography and brief discussion of works; illustration of St. Mary Overey and Gower's tomb (from Richard Gough, 1796]). [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Heckt, Hans. Schucking, Levin Published Heckt, Hans, and Levin Schucking. Die Englische Literatur im Mittelalter. Wildpark-Potsdam: Akademische Verigsgesellschaft Athenaion, 1927, pp. 70, 108, 109-12, 113, 117 126, 131, 149, 152. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Englische Literatur im Mittelalter. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Erudite and well-documented review of Gower's use of fortune in all of his works, major and minor. Fortuna is an important for Gower, although he never uses the goddess in ways uncharacteristic of his time. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Patch, Howard R. Published Patch, Howard R. The Goddess Fortuna in Mediaeval Literature. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1927, pp. 24, 30 40, 47-49, 51, 53, 55-59, 61, 63-64, 66, 68, 70-72, 76-77, 79, 81, 83, 94, 97, 99-100, 102-05, 107-11, 113, 119, 121, 155-57, 166, 169. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Goddess Fortuna in Mediaeval Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Primary interest is historical, and in showing relationships between literary and standard history. Brief comments on Gower's handling of Chaucer's affairs, on Gower's death and financial circumstances. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Coulton, G. G. Published Coulton, G. G. Chaucer and His England. 4th rev. ed. London: Methuen, 1927, pp. 52, 73, 117, 145. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and His England. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Reports variously what is known about Gower-Chaucer relationship; sees them as friends and as helpful critics of each other's poetry. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Cowling, George P. Published Cowling, George P. Chaucer. London: Methuen, 1927, pp. 5, 22, 24, 38, 74, 103, 116, 130, 138, 158, 169, 179. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "Wrote good verse, but not good poetry"; plot summary of CA; Gower was a moralist and a patriot. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hearn, Lafcadio. Published Hearn, Lafcadio. A History of English Literature in a Series of Lectures., 2 vols. Tokyo: Hokuseido, 1927, I, 106, 112. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A History of English Literature in a Series of Lectures. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief mention of dates and works. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schroer, M. M. A[rnold] Published Schroer, M. M. A. Grundzüge und Haupttyopen der englischen Literaturgeschichte. Berlin and Leipzig, De Gruyter, 1927, pp. 142-44. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grundzüge und Haupttyopen der englischen Literaturgeschichte. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prints (with expurgations of sexual material) from CA Book I, 93-266; "Albinus and Rosemund," Book 1, 2459-2662; "Travellers and the Angel," Book II, 291-372; "Ceix and Alceone," Book IV, 2927-3123; "Jason and Medea," Book V, 3247-4222; and portions of the dialogue between the Lover and his Confessor, Book IV, 1083-1244 and 2771-2926; Book V, 7030-7194. Text reprinted from Reinhold Pauli (1857), but lineated according to Macaulay (1899-1902). [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor B[ennett], H. S.], intro. Published B[ennett], H. S., intro. Gower: Confessio Amantis: Selections. Cambridge Plain Texts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1927. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower: "Confessio Amantis": Selections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brunner examines works proposed as sources for Ben Jonson's "Volpone," including Gower's "Tale of the King and the Steward's Wife" (CA V. 2643-2825), concluding that (219) "Die Erzahlung bei Gower steht Ben Jonson sicher näher als alle anderen bisher herangezognen" ("The narrative of Gower's is certainly closer than all others consulted up to now"). [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Brunner, Karl. Published Brunner, Karl. "Die Quellen von Ben Jonson's 'Volpone'." Archiv für Studium der Neueren Sprachen und Literature 152, n.s. 52 (1927): 218-19. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Quellen von Ben Jonson's "Volpone." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gilbert's article examines the influence of the Secretum Secretorum (SS) on Book 7 of the CA (84-93) and on Hoccleve's Regement of Princes (93-98). Whereas Macaulay suggested that Gower is indebted to the SS only for "scattered fragments" (85), Gilbert argues not only for additional verbal parallels, but also suggests an important structural similarity. Just as Gower's division of philosophy into three parts is derived from Brunetto Latini, so Gower's five points of policy in the second half of Book 7 are likely based on some version of the SS that is no longer extant. In Gower's marginal Latin, two of the points are spoken of as policies "principum regiminis" or "ad principis regimen," and the SS was frequently referred to by the title De Regimine Principum (86). The point of policy that receives the most attention from Gilbert is Liberality, which Gower calls "largitas" in the Latin, following the SS rather than, for instance, the medieval translation of Aristotle's Ethics (used by Aquinas) where the term liberalitas is employed (88). After also dealing with passages from the sections on Justice, Pity, and Chastity, Gilbert concludes with some thoughts about which language Gower read the SS in. It seems likely that "Gower possessed the whole work in Latin" (93), although none of the extant versions accounts for all of Gower's borrowings. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gilbert, Allan H Published Gilbert, Allan H. "Notes on the Influence of the Secretum Secretorum." Speculum 3.1 (1928), pp. 84-98. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Notes on the Influence of the Secretum Secretorum. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Summarizes Gower's criticisms of the Church for corruption found in MO, VC, and CA. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schneider, Rudolf. Published Schneider, Rudolf. "Der Monch in der englischen Dichtung bis auf Lewis's 'Monk,' 1795." Palaestra 155 (1928): 46-50. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Der Monch in der englischen Dichtung bis auf Lewis's 'Monk,' 1795. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Lüdeke, Henry. Published Lüdeke, H. Die Funktionen des Erzählers in Chaucers epischer Dichtung. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1928, pp. 5-6, 13, 14, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 48. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Argues that CA is an amorous dream vision, representative of the traditions in its handling of natural scenery, opening lines, and characterization. Puts Chaucer in the context of French amorous writers, Gower, Langland, "Pearl," and continental poets such as Machaut, Boccaccio, and Dante. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Funktionen des Erzahlers in Chaucers epischer Dichtung. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief assessment of works and sources; Gower was a moral storyteller. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Brooke, Stopford A. Sampson, George Published Brooke, Stopford A., and George Sampson. English Literature from A.D. 670 to A.D. 1832. London: Macmillan, 1928, pp. 40-41, 48, 54. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature from A.D. 670 to A.D. 1832. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography and assessment; reduced from "Cambridge History of English Literature" (1908). [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Crawford, Jack R. Published Crawford, Jack R. What to Read in English Literature. New York: Putnam, 1928, pp. 27-28, 33, 35, 109. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource What to Read in English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review As a poet and thinker, Gower was a "typical product of the Middle Ages." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Widdows, Margharita. Published Widdows, Margharita. English Literature. New York: Dutton, 1928, pp. 37-40, 43, 55. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The name is Norman French, meaning "seven winnowing fans," three of which surmount the family arms (azure, three fans or). The first Septvans documented in England held the manor of Aldington in Kent, in 1180. The article names wives and children (with a detailed family tree between pp. 112-13), and provides dates of births and deaths into the 17th century. There is a very brief mention of the "Septvans case," involving the fleecing of the under-age William de Septvans, and some account of his later life, including his capture, while serving as Sheriff of Kent, by the rebel mob in 1381 (112-13). [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 44.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Tower, Sir Reginald. Published Tower, Sir Reginald. "The Family of Septvans." Archaeologia Cantiana 40 (1928): 105-30. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Family of Septvans. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Outlines Gower's use of rhetoric in the CA primarily, with slight notice paid to its presence in MO and VC; examples of figures, mostly presented in comparison with Chaucer's practice. Author/Editor Author/Editor Naunin, Traugott. Published Naunin, Traugott. Der Einfluss der mittelalterlichen Rhetorik auf Chaucers Dichtung. Bonn, 1929, Excurs I, 57-60. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Der Einfluss der mittelalterlichen Rhetorik auf Chaucers Dichtung. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower was a contemporary of Chaucer. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Reynolds, George F. Published Reynolds, George F. English Literature in Fact and Story. New York: Century, 1929, pp. 52-3, and 58. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Literature in Fact and Story. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Relates Gower's VC, III, 1495, "redundant," to Wordsworth's use of "overflowing." No author given. [RFY1981]. Published "Hibernicus." "Overflowing with the Sound." Times Literary Supplement, 25 April, 1929, p. 338 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Hibernicus." "Overflowing with the Sound." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's mentions of Troilus in CA (I, 2794-97; V, 7597-602; VII, 2531-35) show that Chaucer's poem is popular. Gower, like, Langland, did not "Bask in court favor, nor venture upon the perilous paths of undisguised realism." [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Shannon, Edgar Finley. Published Shannon, Edgar Finley. Chaucer and the Roman Poets. Harvard Studies in Comparative Literature, VII. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1929, pp. 170, 382 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and the Roman Poets. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In the Spanish version of the CA, mention is made of a Portuguese translation by one Robert Paym, canon of Lisbon. Manley finds evidence that there was indeed a family of Payms in Lisbon in the latter part of the fourteenth century. He mentions two documents in the Archivo Nacional that tell us about a certain Tomalin Paym, who appears to have been in charge of queen Philippa's jewels. The Lancastrian connection (Philippa was John of Gaunt's daughter and brother to Henry) is further strengthened by the knowledge that the name of a John Payn - Paym is the Portuguese form of the English name Payne - crops up frequently in the accounts concerning Henry's expeditions to Prussia and the Holy Land. It is to John and Tomalin Payn (or Paym) that Robert is most likely related. Of the various candidates for Robert Paym, the likeliest may be a certain "Robert Payn, of Whitby, clerk" (470), who in 1390 was licensed to pass beyond the sea to the Roman court, where the Pope may have granted him a canonry in Lisbon. Manly admits that much of this must remain speculation. However, he suggests that it is not surprising that Gower's CA would be translated into Portuguese. Such a translation would be favorably received by Philippa and her husband, who were both "fond of books" (471). The CA had also been dedicated to Henry, from whom Gower had received a silver collar of SSS. Manly ends with an expression of hope that one day not only Gower's Portuguese CA may be found in a Portuguese collection, but also that one of Chaucer's works may be found among the "uncatalogued treasures" (472) of those collections. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Manly, John Matthews Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Published Manly, John Matthews. "On the Question of the Portuguese Translation of Gower's Confessio Amantis." Modern Philology 27.4 (1930), pp. 467-472. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource On the Question of the Portuguese Translation of Gower's Confessio Amantis. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's humor "piquant" and in its dry understatement "nearer the central terperament of English humor" than many of his contemporaries." [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Cazamian, Louis. Published Cazamian, Louis. The Development of English Humor. New York: Macmillan, 1930, pp. 137-40. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Development of English Humor. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Vallese, Tarquinio. Published Vallese, Tarquinio. Goffredo Chaucer: Visto da un Italiano. Milan, Genoa, Rome, Naples: Società Anonima Editrice Dante Alighieri, 1930, pp. 2, 74, 102, 117. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Terms Gower's style "chiselled," in comparison with Chaucer's, and alludes to their interdependence as poets. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Goffredo Chaucer: Visto da un Italiano. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Attempts to discover if Chaucer cared about the evil plight of commons in late fourteenth-century England; uses various passages from CA and MO for comparison and background, after arguing Gower was demonstrably concerned about the fate of the people. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Patch, Howard R. Published Patch, Howard R. "Chaucer and the Common People." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 29 (1930): 376-84. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and the Common People. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Street generally argues that Gower is caught between his own age and the sentimentality of courtly love fashionable in France two centuries earlier (230). In the course of this argument, Street also comments on everything from Gower's politics to his style. After a brief discussion of Gower's disaffection with Richard II, Street describes the Prologue of the CA as idealistic, foggy, and vague. There are only brief moments – such as his criticism of the clergy – where Gower approaches "the close analysis and clear vision of Langland" (230). In addition, Gower's "modern" (232) quality is that he opposes fatalism and thinks independently. The latter quality is demonstrated by his habit of inserting odd digressions and morals into his tales. At the same time, Gower makes "heroic efforts to be consistent" (232); the CA is unified by Gower's critical reconstructive spirit and his honesty" (232). After these general comments, Street pursues her main theme: Gower's treatment of courtly love. Whereas Andreas Capellanus and Chrétien de Troyes treat love as "illicit and adulterous" (234), Gower prefers monogamy and Christian love. The most important figure in his allegory is "Daunger" and Gower never "idealises amorous abandonment" (235). Street increasingly compares Gower to Chaucer, and argues that Gower delights in sentimentality, manners, and abstract moralizing, whereas Chaucer specializes in realism, humour, and psychology (although Gower is the better sociologist). Street also briefly praises Gower's "In Praise of Peace" and describes Gower's style as smooth and graceful. Gower uses images primarily for clarity (rather than ornamentation) and his wisdom tends to the proverbial and the commonplace (239). Street illustrates these stylistic features by comparing Gower and Chaucer's versions of the story of Medea. She concludes with a brief description of the story of Petronella to show that while Gower is no match for Chaucer, he should nevertheless be appreciated for his "fine pathos . . . delicacy of sentiment . . . [and his] smooth verse" (241). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Street, Ethel Published Street, Ethel. "John Gower." London Mercury 24 (1931), pp. 230-242. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification In Praise of Peace Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review As the title implies, Heather surveys folklore about precious stones in Gower's time period. Heather is quick to point out that for the fourteenth century no radical distinction is to be made between an illiterate "folk" and a cultured elite. As a result, Gower's learned references in the CA are frequently listed as examples of more widespread beliefs or superstitions. Along with Book 7 of the CA, tales that are repeatedly mined for evidence include the stories of Jason and Medea, Adrian and Bardus, and Lucius and the Statue. Occasionally Heather pauses to explain a point about a Gower quotation. For instance, Heather argues that in the description of the stones associated with the sun in Book 7, the name "Ceramius" might be a corruption of "Ceraunius," also known as the "thunderbolt," because this stone supposedly falls down with lightning. Aside from connecting stones with magic, royalty, and with other natural objects (stars, herbs, etc.), Heather briefly dwells on Gower's understanding of eclipses (394). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Heather, P. J Published Heather, P. J. "Precious Stones in the Middle-English Verse of the Fourteenth Century." Folklore 42 (1931), pp. 217-264. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Precious Stones in the Middle-English Verse of the Fourteenth Century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Fox, George G Published Fox, George G. "The Mediaeval Sciences in the Works of John Gower." Princeton: Princeton UP, 1931 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Review Fox compares Gower's scientific knowledge to that of his contemporaries and finds him wanting. For instance, Chaucer shows "eager curiosity and extensive learning in the sciences" (156), whereas Gower is more of an amateur. Gower's scientific passages have the feel of a popular encyclopedia (like the "Tresor"), for which one needed only a "literary facility, the ability to express one's thought in pleasing fancy" (157). At times Gower explains his subject matter quite well (e.g., alchemy), whereas at other times he is out of his depth. In fact, Gower's astrology is particularly poor and there is "no reason to believe that Gower could have used an astrolabe or cast a horoscope" (156). In chapter one (titled the introduction), Fox reviews Gower's general attitude to science. Gower sees all knowledge as aiming for a better understanding of God. This also leads him to connect science with a broad understanding of "kinde" as both nature and kindness. For the CA this means that Gower closely examines sexual desire, and while he finds its fulfillment in marriage, he is not a prude (8). The chapter ends with a discussion of fortune. Fox concludes that Gower is not fatalistic, but that fortune is "a manner of speech with Gower, a convenient phrase for an element of human experience" (15). Chapter two deals ostensibly with the theory of the microcosm, but in actuality covers a great variety of topics, from Gower's views on hermaphroditism to the four complexions of man. Fox also discusses medieval superstitions that result is in such areas of pseudo-science as physiognomy. Not surprisingly, medieval medicine has a tendency to be secretive, something that is reflected in the titles of books like the "Secretum Secretorum." Chapter three (titled "The Microcosm") deals primarily with Gower's discussion of the elements in CA 7. Fox shows that Gower does not always understand his source, Brunetto Latini, as when he accidentally forgets the doctrine that God created the universe "ex nihilo." Despite his limited knowledge, Gower does borrow also from other sources (e.g., Vincent of Beauvais) and Fox spends considerable time explaining technical terms like "intersticion" and "impressions." Chapter four covers astrology, a subject that overlaps with astronomy. Fox points out that while writers like Aquinas believed that the stars and the moon exert a controlling influence on human beings (especially on their senses), the intellect remains in principle free from direct influence. While Gower spends considerable time on astrology (e.g., he gleans not only from Brunetto Latini, but also from the more obscure Alechandrus on the mansions of the moon), he ultimately vindicates free will by using "arguments that are anti-astrological and non-scientific" (93). The remaining chapters cover dreams, alchemy, and magic in quick succession. Gower seems to have been ignorant of scientific discussions of dreams, and based on biblical narratives like the story of Nebuchadnezzar, he accepts that dreams sometimes foretell future events. Gower's discussion of alchemy in CA 4 assumes that transmutation of base metals into gold is theoretically possible although he does not hold out much hope of anyone actually doing it. Finally, Gower's references to magic are not very specific, and he likely had no specialized knowledge. [CvD]. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Mediaeval Sciences in the Works of John Gower Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Princeton UP, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This lengthy notes describes the close resemblance of CA, Book III, 1331-1494 (Tale of Pyramus and Thisbe), to Chaucer's "Legend of Good Women," ll. 706ff. and to the "Ovide Moralisé," IV, 229-1169. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Meech, Sanford. Published Meech, Sanford. "Chaucer and the 'Ovide Moralisé'." PMLA 46 (1931): 201-04n. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and the Ovide Moralisé. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Bone's concern is to discover "printer's copy"--manuscripts marked up for the press--used by pre-Elizabethan printers. He takes up Macaulay's surmise that "Caxton may have used the actual manuscript of the 'Confessio Amantis' given by Marchandine Hunnis to Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1610-11" (285)--that is, Oxford, Magdalen College, MS Lat. 213. This claim he finds "highly debatable," although there is suggestive evidence (e.g., only "the minutest differences in a space of two or three hundred lines together," passages marked with crosses and circles that also begin columns in Caxton's text) at least through line 4525, when "Caxton . . . evidently begins to follow a different type of manuscript." Yet Bone found "no reading that is conclusive" (285). Nonetheless, he leaves open the possibility that Magdalen College 213 was marked up by Caxton and/or his apprentices: " . . . if we accept the evidence of the Magdalen manuscript . . . it looks as though Caxton's compositors of 1483 marked sporadically with crosses or circles" (306). [RFY. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 41.1] Published Bone, Gavin. "Extant Manuscripts Printed by Wynkyn de Worde with Notes on the Owner, Roger Thorney." The Library, 4th ser. 12 (1931): 284-306. Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confessio Amantis Author/Editor Author/Editor Bone, Gavin. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Extant Manuscripts Printed by Wynkyn de Worde with Notes on the Owner, Roger Thorney. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Kaplan bases his analysis of Gower's English vocabulary on Macaulay's word list to the CA. The total number of words is 6006, of which 882 are proper names and 476 are variants of other words. The net number – 4648 words – seems much lower than the tally for Shakespeare, Milton, or even Chaucer. However, Kaplan ridicules the idea that "the greater the genius the greater the vocabulary" (396), and he finds the real interest in the percentage of loan words in Gower's vocabulary. Gower's diction is 54.9% Anglo-Saxon, 4.2% Latin, and 37.9% French, and a small percentage Other. However, when we take into account frequency of occurrence, then Gower's use of Anglo-Saxon words is likely around 90%. Kaplan further lists words from J to Z (Macaulay covered A to I) where Gower is the first citation in the NED (i.e., the OED). However, he concludes by casting some doubt on the value of first citations. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kaplan, Theodore H Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Published Kaplan, Theodore H. "Gower's Vocabulary." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 31 (1932), pp. 395-402. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource Gower's Vocabulary. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography; general assessment of works, literary talent, etc.; cites Gower's "unusual" dislike of warfare. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor N. A. Published Anonymous review. "John Gower." Times Literary Supplement, 18 August 1932. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "John Gower." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower has "no sympathy with the feeling for nature," unlike Chaucer and the Scottish Chaucerians. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bryan, J. Ingram. Published Bryan, J. Ingram. The Interpretation of Nature in English Poetry. Tokyo: Kaitakusha, 1932. Reprint. Folcroft Library, 1972, p. 71. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Interpretation of Nature in English Poetry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Slightly rewritten version of Baldwin's remarks in "An Introduction to English Medieval Literature (1914). [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Baldwin, Charles S. Published Baldwin, Charles S. Three Medieval Centuries of Literature in England, 1100-1400. Boston: Little, Brown, 1932, pp. 222-21, 224, 267. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Three Medieval Centuries of Literature in England, 1100-1400. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower and Chaucer were friends, and shared business and poetic interests. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Chesterton, G. K. Published Chesterton, G. K. Chaucer. London: Faber and Faber, 1932, pp. 33, 108, 109, 110, 111, 137, 275 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues that Goethe may have been influenced by the material and the tone of the CA, Book VII. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Krappe, A. H. Published Krappe, A. H. "La Thème de la 'Science Sterile' chez Gower et chez Goethe." Revue de la Littérature Comparée 12 (1932): 821-23. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Thème de la 'Science Sterile' chez Gower et chez Goethe. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Considers Gower a skillful, readable poet. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kaplan, [Theodore H.?] Published Kaplan [sic]. "John Gower." [London] Times Literary Supplement, no. 1594 (August, 1932): 573-74. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Kar's study of the medieval lyric contains a chapter on Gower's CB entitled "Amorous Gower." After reviewing the opinions of Warton and Macaulay, Kar argues that the CB can be split into two sections: the first 5 discuss love leading to marriage, whereas the rest are more in the spirit of courtly love. In addition, Gower frequently invokes two central ideas of troubadour poetry: "fin amor" (pure love) and "joie." However, Kar disagrees with J. Audiau that every echo of troubadour imagery (e.g., the flight of birds, the attraction of the loadstone, the need of a physician) can be attributed to direct imitation of provençal poetry. For instance, Gower would have been more likely to have borrowed the image of the storm-tossed ship from Ovid. Finally, "the rhythm of Gower's Cinkante Balades [with its combination of syllabic and accentual measures] is almost openly anti-Provençal" (62). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kar, G Published Kar, G. "Thoughts on the Mediaeval Lyric." : Blackwell, 1933 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Cinkante Balades Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thoughts on the Mediaeval Lyric Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Blackwell, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prints "Two Coffers," CA, Book V, 2272-2390; "Phrixus and Helle," Book V, 4243-4361. Reprint of Macaulay (1899-1902); brief biography. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Patterson, R. F., ed. Published Patterson, R. F., ed. Six Centuries of English Literature: Passages Selected from the Chief Writers and Short Biographies. 6 vols. London and Glasgow: Blackie & Son, 1933, 1:28-35. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Six Centuries of English Literature: Passages Selected from the Chief Writers and Short Biographies. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Based on the OED, Bradley-Strattman, Godefroy, and the glossaries of Macaulay's edition (1899-1902) and Skeat's Oxford Chaucer. Concordance thoroughly done. Not published. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Burch, J. C. Horton. Published Burch, J. C. Horton. A Combined Lexicon and Concordance of the English Works of John Gower, A-C Inclusive. Ph.D. Dissertation, Duke University, 1933. Gower Subject Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Combined Lexicon and Concordance of the English Works of John Gower, A-C Inclusive. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's "Cinkante Balades" and "Traitié pour Essampler les Amants Marietz" owe much to troubadour precedent, particularly conception of imagery. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Kar, G. Published Kar, G. Thoughts on the Medieval Lyric. Oxford: Blackwell, 1933, pp. 55-63. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Cinkante Balades Traitié pour Essampler les Amants Marietz Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thoughts on the Medieval Lyric. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Extremely learned article traces the concept of things finding their ideal level in creation from Plato's "Timaeus" to CA. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Patch, Howard R. Published Patch, Howard R. "Consolatio Philosophiae, V, M, VI, 23-24." Speculum 8 (1933): 41-51 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Consolatio Philosophiae, V, M, VI, 23-24. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Uses MO, VC, and CA as source materials for a presentation of fourteenth-century conservative social attitudes; sees the three poems as representing a consistent viewpoint, supportive of the status quo. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Mohl, Ruth. Published Mohl, Ruth. The Three Estates in Medieval and Renaissance Literature. New York: Ungar, 1933, pp. 28ff., 105ff., 230ff., 278-79, 299ff., 329, 356-57. Gower Subject Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Three Estates in Medieval and Renaissance Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Uses Gower as an example of complaint in late the fourteenth century against the corruption of the times. [RFY11981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Wingfield-Stratford, Esme. Published Wingfield-Stratford, Esme. The History of British Civilization. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1933, pp. 279-80. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The History of British Civilization. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Lists works; Gower was a Kentishman. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bardi, Pietro. Published Bardi, Pietro. Storia della Letterature Inglese. Bari: Laterza and Sons, 1933, p. 23 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Storia della Letterature Inglese. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Casson, Leslie F Published Casson, Leslie F. "Studies in the Diction of the Confessio Amantis." Englische Studien 69 (1934), pp. 184-207. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Review Casson notes that the literary works of Chaucer and Gower are often viewed as "the consummation of a process of literary development which began when English was revived as a cultivated literary language after the Conquest" (184). However, especially in the philosophical or scholastic parts of the CA we find a great many Romance words, and in this respect Gower "is certainly a more daring innovator than Chaucer" (184). To demonstrate Gower's conscious artistry, Casson divides her article into three sections: use of uncompounded words (185-98), use of compound words (198-206), and use of hybrids (206-07). Casson distinguishes between aureate diction and Romance technical words used "in their original sense in a scientific context" (186). By showing the distribution of native and loan words in 10 passages from the CA, Casson shows that the greatest frequency of French and Latin loans occurs in technical and scientific passages (187-88). Casson further compares Gower's diction to the contemporary revival of the alliterative line, to the vocabulary of Old English poetry, and to English borrowings from Norse. The conclusion Casson draws from all of this is that Gower was "an innovator in language, seizing on the opportunities afforded him by changing methods of expression in the speech of his time, yet preserving, here and there, a quaint flavor of antiquity which harks back to some yet older day" (197-98). [CvD] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Studies in the Diction of the Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1934 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Maynard, Theodore. Published Maynard, Theodore. The Connections Between the Ballade, Chaucer's Modifications of It, Rime Royal, and the Spenserian Stanza. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America, 1934, pp. 89, 129. Gower Subject Cinkante Balades Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Unlike Chaucer, Gower in his CB writes true ballades (defined as a poem of 28 lines, divided into three stanzas of eight lines and a half stanza--envoi--rhymed ABABBCBC, using the same rhyme in every stanza, with refrain), while Chaucer's are frequently modified forms; like Chaucer, however, Gower used a greater freedom with caesura than did French poets. [RFY1981]. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Connections Between the Ballade, Chaucer's Modifications of It, Rime Royal, and the Spenserian Stanza. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1934 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower uses rhymed, metrical verse of the French model. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Robertson, Stuart. Published Robertson, Stuart. The Development of Modern English. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1934, p. 60. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Development of Modern English. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1934 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Finds Gower to have been seminal in the formation of Early Modern English, observing the "large number of words" in CA still in modern use and, barring technical terms, the limited number of "difficult words" in the work. Bases these comments on evidence from, and corrections to, instances of first usage or first meanings in the OED. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Burch, J. C. Horton. Published Burch, J. C. Horton. "Notes on the Language of Gower." English Studies 16 (1934): 209-15. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Notes on the Language of Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1934 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues that Gower preserves the older tradition of Peter Riga and Alexander Neckham, and "shows acquaintance with" Nigel Wirecker and Godfrey of Viterbo. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Raby, F. J. E. Published Raby, F. J. E. A History of Secular Latin Poetry in the Middle Ages. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1934, II, 343 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A History of Secular Latin Poetry in the Middle Ages. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1934 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Supports the conclusions of G. C. Macaulay (1899-1902) and Traugott Naunin (1929) that Gower was acquainted with the theories of medieval rhetoric, and presents additional evidence to confirm Macaulay's opinion that Gower was familiar with the "Poetria Nova" of Geoffrey Vinsauf. Gower made extensive use of rhetorical colors. Author/Editor Author/Editor Daniels, Robertson B. Published Daniels, Robertson B. Figures of Rhetoric in John Gower's English Works. Ph.D. Dissertation. Yale University, 1934. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Figures of Rhetoric in John Gower's English Works. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1934 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gives brief comparisons of Chaucer and Gower as men and as poets. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Sedgwick, Henry D. Published Sedgwick, Henry D. Dan Chaucer: An Introduction to the Poet, His Poetry and His Times. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1934, pp. 48, 248. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dan Chaucer: An Introduction to the Poet, His Poetry and His Times. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1934 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Includes study of the use and treatment of proverbial material in Gower's major English and French works, with a systematic categorization of types; tables of examples; comparisons of similar materials from Chaucer. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Whiting, B. A. Published Whiting, B. J. Chaucer's Use of Proverbs. Harvard Studies in Comparative Literature, vol. 11. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1934, pp. 4-20, 134-55, Appendix C, 265-97. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Use of Proverbs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1934 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Daniels argues that Gower, like Chaucer, was likely indebted to the medieval rhetoricians. Gower's familiarity with the Poetria Nova of Geoffrey de Vinsauf is clear from two passages in the VC. Gower's syllabic play with the name Clemens (a "headless name" without the prefix "in") is likely modeled on Geoffrey's play on the name of Pope Innocent III. Similarly, a passage thirty lines earlier in the VC (3.925-26) about a shepherd's responsibility towards his sheep appears influenced by a similar word play in the Poetria Nova. Admittedly, in Book 8 of the CA Gower claims to have little knowledge of rhetoric, but Daniels shows that an earlier version of the same passage (3054-66*) includes two different rhetorical devices. Given Gower's knowledge of Geoffrey de Vinsauf, as well as the rhetorical portions of Brunetto Latini's Tresor, Gower's admission is likely ironic, and is in fact a rhetorical technique itself (disparagement or "diminutio"). The rest of the article aims to prove Gower's knowledge of rhetoric by a detailed listing of the rhetorical figures (see page 66 for the entire list) that occur in his poem "In Praise of Peace." However, Daniels concludes that while the poem includes "a considerable use of rhetorical ornament" (73), the "infrequent use of the tropes" (73) is noteworthy. The reason is that Gower eschews a "gravis stilus" (73) in favour of "simple and moving verses" in harmony with the theme of the poem, namely the humility of Christ. Daniels therefore concludes, "The rhetorical element in Gower is a measure of his artistry, and he employed rhetoric with taste and discrimination" (73). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Daniels, Robertson Balfour Published Daniels, Robertson Balfour. "Rhetoric in Gower's 'To King Henry the Fourth, in Praise of Peace'." Studies in Philology 32 (1935), pp. 62-73. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification In Praise of Peace Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rhetoric in Gower's 'To King Henry the Fourth, in Praise of Peace' Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Summarizes "Rosiphelee" [CA, Book IV, 1245-1448) and places the story in the tradition of the "Cruel Beauties." [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Grimes, E. Margaret. Published Grimes, E. Margaret. "Le Lay du Trot." Romanic Review 26 (1935): 315-16. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Le Lay du Trot. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower was aa friend of Chaucer, a moralist, and a poor poet. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Neilson, W. A. Thorndike, Ashley B. Published Neilson, W. A., and Ashley B. Thorndike. A History of English Literature. New York: Macmillan, 1935, pp. 42, 43, 53, 55, 57, 70. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A History of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography and assessment of works; sees Gower as a "decline" from Chaucer. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Osgood, Charles G. Published Osgood, Charles G. The Voice of England: A History of English Literature. New York: Harper, 1935, pp. 79, 103, 118-20, 124, 136. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Voice of England: A History of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Lewis traces the development of the courtly love tradition from France in the eleventh century to England in the sixteenth. The place of Gower in this history is assessed in chapter 5, where he is grouped with Thomas Usk. Lewis praises Gower for the strong "architectonics" (198) of the CA. The key to Gower's success is that he learned from Andreas Capellanus how courtly love had a moral code, and so could be combined fruitfully with a religious confession. Lewis also praises Gower for his plain style, even though it frequently descends to the prosaic. He notes Gower's tendency not to tell us what people think. Gower further focuses less on shapes and colours and more on movement and action. Yet Gower has a romantic element, which Lewis finds unusual for a medieval poet. Gower "excels in strange adventure, in the remote and the mysterious" (210). Lewis briefly discusses Gower's moral didacticism--which includes a surprising "element of iron in a poet elsewhere so gentle" (212)--before turning to the story of Amans in the frame narrative. Lewis notes the complex mingling of humour, pathos, devotion, and realism in the exchanges between Amans and Genius. What makes the story of Amans stand out is its ending. The death of love becomes a touching allegory for life in general. The final line to this section is both simple and perfect (221): "homward a softe pas I went." Still, the fact that Gower fails to end his poem here is emblematic of Gower's ability as an artist: "Gower has risen to great poetry, but he is not a great poet" (222). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lewis, C. S Published Lewis, C. S. "The Allegory of Love: A Study in Medieval Tradition." Oxford: Clarendon, 1936 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Allegory of Love: A Study in Medieval Tradition Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Clarendon, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1936 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A brief, clear presentation of Gower's English. Wyld notes Gower's Kenticisms, compares his London English to that of Chaucer, and his general English to that of Wyclif, Langland, Chaucer, and Dan Michel. [RFY1981]. Published Wild, Henry Cecil. A History of Modern Colloquial English. Oxford: Blackwell, 1920. 3rd ed., rev., 1936, pp. 30, 41, 56-58. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A History of Modern Colloquial English. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1936 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Links Gower to the tradition of religious forms gone secular, following the pattern of the "Roman de la Rose." [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Glunz, H. H. Published Glunz, H. H. Die Literarasthetik des Europaischen Mittelalters. Bochum-Langendreer: H. Pöppinghaus, 1937. pp. 349-52. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Literarasthetik des Europaischen Mittelalters. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography of Gower; CA was a source for "Pericles." [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Praz, Mario. Published Praz, Mario. Storia Della Letterature Inglese. Florence: Sansoni, 1937, pp. 16, 31, 107. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Storia Della Letterature Inglese. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review On Gower-Chaucer relations; broaches the well-used argument that the Man of Law pokes sharp fun at Gower, and his words represent a form of literary criticism. Also examines connections between tales shared by the CA and "The Legend of Good Women." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Brown, Carleton. Published Brown, Carleton. "The Man of Law's Headlink and the Prologue of the Canterbury Tales." Studies in Philology 34 (1937): 8-35. [RFY1981]. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Man of Law's Headlink and the Prologue of the Canterbury Tales. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues that all of Gower's major works fall within the tradition of the poem of instruction addressed to a ruler (also known as a mirror for princes genre) [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Kleineke, Wilhelm Published Kleineke, Wilhelm. Englische Fürstenspiegel vom Policraticus Johanns bis zum Basilikon Doron König Jakobs I. Studien zur englischen Philologie, no. 90. Halle: Niemeyer, 1937, pp. 129-35 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Englische Fürstenspiegel vom Policraticus Johanns bis zum Basilikon Doron König Jakobs I. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's attitude in the VC, with its vicious allegorical on the leaders of the Peasants' Revolt, is contrasted with Chaucer's presentation of common people. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Marcus, Hans. Published Marcus, Hans. "Chaucer, der Freund des einfachen Mannes." Archiv für das St]udium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen 172 (1937): 28-41. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer, der Freund des einfachen Mannes. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief, readable outline of Gower's life and writings. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Schirmer, Walter F. Published Schirmer, Walter F. Geschichte der englischen Literatur von den Anfang bis zur Gegenwart. Halle/Salle: Niemeyer, 1937, pp. 144-47, 148, 152, 165, 176, 605. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geschichte der englischen Literatur von den Anfang bis zur Gegenwart. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Says Gower is not includable as an Anglo-Norman poet: "Gower is conscious of writing French as a foreigner," and so must be called an English poet. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor West, C. B. Published West, C. B. Courtoisie in Anglo-Norman Literature. Oxford: Blackwell, 1938, p. 123. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtoisie in Anglo-Norman Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Thumbnail outline of life and works, without assessment or commentary. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Otis, William B. Needleman, M. H. Published Otis, William B., and M. H. Needleman. A Survey-History of English Literature. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1938, pp. 53-54. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Survey-History of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Believes that Chaucer's allusions to Gower in the "Man of Law's Tale" are humorous; posits the CA was transported to Spain because Chaucer's sister-in-law Katherine Swynford married Enrique of Castile; discusses patronage; maintains that the dedication of "Troilus and Criseyde" to "moral Gower" was sincere; argues that Chaucer had more influence at court than did Gower. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Patch, Howard Rollin. Published Patch, Howard Rollin. On Rereading Chaucer. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1939, pp. 17, 35-36, 47, 102, 120, 130, 179, 186-87, 191-92, 194, 199. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Rereading Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Argues contra Dr. Johnson (1755) that chronology of imported words matters in relating the diction of Gower and Chaucer; contra Fernald (1921) that Gower has a smaller Romance vocabulary than does Chaucer; contra Marsh (1885) that Gower and Chaucer borrow many kinds of French words. Tabulates Romance words that Gower and Chaucer have in common, arguing basically that Chaucer has a larger and much more varied Romance vocabulary than does Gower and that their languages are quite unlike as a result. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Mersand, Joseph. Published Mersand, Joseph. Chaucer's Romance Vocabulary, New York: Comet, 1939, pp. 8, 10, 17-18, 21, 26, 30, 44-45, 120, 136. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Romance Vocabulary. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Shanley, James L. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Review Gower would have understood Troilus's woe as sorrow for having trusted in the temporal. [RFY1981] Published Shanley, James L. "The 'Troilus' and Christian Love." English Literary History 6 (1939): 271-81. Reprinted in Edward Wagenknecht, ed. Chaucer: Modern Essays in Criticism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1959), pp. 385-95. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The "Troilus" and Christian Love. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower, along with Usk, Langland, and Scogan, wrote poetry to protest the decay of morals in the later fourteenth century; Gower praises the virtue of charity. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Horrell, Joe. Published Horrell, Joe. "Chaucer's Symbolic Plowman." Speculum 14 (1939): 82-92. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Symbolic Plowman. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "The Church of Love is the poetic 'religion' of which the deities are the pagan Venus and Cupid and the religious forms of those of the Christian Church. The study seeks to determine how the Church of Love and the love-deities were employed in Latin and French before Chaucer and Gower and to what extent they followed their predecessors." Study mostly on Chaucer, but includes discussion of Gower's CA. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Jacobson, John Howard. Published Jacobson, John Howard. "The Church of Love in the Works of Chaucer and Gower." Ph.D. Dissertation, Yale University, 1939. Dissertation Abstracts International A31.05. Available via ProQuest Dissertations & Theses; accessed December 5, 2022. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Church of Love in the Works of Chaucer and Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower uses Ovid extensively, particularly drawing upon the "Metamorphoses" for stories and for descriptive language. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Davidson, Herbert. Published Davidson, Herbert. John Gower's Use in the Confessio Amantis of the Narrative Material of Ovid. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Cincinnati, 1940. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower's Use in the Confessio Amantis of the Narrative Material of Ovid. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Edwards, A. C. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Review Discusses Gower's and Chaucer's choice of Knaresborough as locus for the Donegild incident in the Tale of Constance, possibly because of its black reputation following the murder of Thomas Becket. [RFY1981] Published Edwards, A. C. "Knaresborough Castle and 'The Kynges Moodres Court'." Philological Quarterly 19 (1940): 306-09. Reprinted in Edward Wagenknecht, ed. Chaucer: Modern Essays in Criticism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1959), pp. 83-87. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Title A name given to the resource Knaresborough Castle and "The Kynges Moodres Court.'" Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower was deeply impressed by war, and with perverted justice, his continued treatment of these themes in his work is evidence of this. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lawrence, William W. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Published Lawrence, William W. "The Tale of Melibeus." Essays and Studies in Honor of Carleton Brown. New York: New York University Press, 1940, pp. 100-10. Reprinted in Helaine Newstead, ed. Chaucer and His Contemporaries: Essays on Medieval Literature and Thought. Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett, 1968, pp. 207-17, Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Tale of Melibeus. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Shelley, Percy V. C. Published Shelley, Percy V. C. The Living Chaucer. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1940, pp. 11, 25, 92, 169, 170, 175, 184, 185, 268, 302. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Review Gower was a moralist and a reformer, unlike Chaucer, who kept his poetry "above" moral indignation; compares Gower's "Tale of Lucrece" to Chaucer's versions the "Legend of Good Women"; argues that LGW was written prior to CA; compares the use of Ovid by Gower and Chaucer; says Gower's poetry "plods." [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Living Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A comparison of Gower and Chaucer shows how great was Chaucer's art, how inferior Gower's. Author/Editor Author/Editor Evans, B. Ifor. Published Evans, B. Ifor. A Short History of English Literature. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1940, pp. 19-20. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Short History of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Includes comments on MS. Bodleian 902 (of the CA), which Spenser might have autographed. [RFY1981; rev. MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Tuve, Rosamund. Published Tuve, Rosemund. "Spenser and Some Pictorial Conventions, With Particular Attention to Some Illuminated Manuscripts." Studies in Philology 37 (1940): 149-76, esp. 152. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spenser and Some Pictorial Conventions, With Particular Attention to Some Illuminated Manuscripts. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prints "Florent," CA Book I, 1396-1861; "Constance," Book II, 587-1612; reprinting Macaulay. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Bryan, W. F., and Germaine Dempster, eds. Published Bryan, W. F., and Germaine Dempster, eds. Sources and Analogues of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. New York: Humanities Press, 1941, pp. 181-206. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sources and Analogues of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Notes similarities between Shakespeare's Sonnet #64 and VC (1)312 and 7.479; Gower's probable source is Ovid, "Metamorphoses, 15, 262. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hussey, Richard. Published Hussey, Richard. "Shakespeare and Gower." Notes and Queries 180 (1941): 386. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shakespeare and Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Macaulay's edition of the CA notes a number of similarities between Gower's work and Boccaccio's De Genealogica Deorum and Dilts suggests some additional borrowings. These include the metamorphosis of Phillis into a "Notetre" (CA 4.867) and the reference to the island of "Chyo" (5.5413; "Chium" in Boccaccio) in the Tale of Theseus and Ariadne. While some of the similarities can be found in other sources, only the Genealogia contains all the parallels. It is likely, then, that Gower consulted the work during the composition of the CA. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Dilts, Dorothy A Published Dilts, Dorothy A. "John Gower and the De Genealogia Deorum." Modern Language Notes 57 (1942), pp. 23-25. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower and the De Genealogia Deorum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower as a critic of church corruption. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Trevelyan, G. M. Published Trevelyan, G. M. English Social History: A Survey of Sic Centuries, from Chaucer to Queen Victoria. London: Longmans, Green, 1942, pp. 2, 40, 49. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource English Social History: A Survey of Six Centuries, from Chaucer to Queen Victoria. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Heather surveys astrological references in a range of Middle English works, focusing particularly on beliefs about the planets. Gower's treatment of astrology is frequently sampled (especially 339-47), and Heather quotes lengthy passages from the CA, particularly Book 7. It is noted that Gower matches up the days of the week with the planets, and in turn connects the latter to the twelve signs of the zodiac (342) and to the fifteen stars (344-46). Also mentioned are isolated references to astrology in stories such as "Medea and Jason" and "Nectanabus." Heather's evaluation of Gower's contribution to astrology is summed up in relation to Chaucer's work on the same subject: "Gower was concerned in presenting to his countrymen what had previously been written on the subject, and may well have had a greater part in moulding their belief in such matters. Chaucer on the other hand wrote rather as one who was weighing the value of the beliefs as they existed in his day and makes no secret of his scepticism" (351). Other brief references to Gower's work in the remainder of the essay include: a discussion of how Book 4 of the CA relates the subject of alchemy to the planets; a comparison between Chaucer's "Canon Yeoman's Tale" and Gower's description in Book 5 of Greek and Chaldean religions and their basis in astrology; a discussion of Gower's beliefs about light and darkness; the quotation of some references to the moon in the CA that describe its phases and its influence upon the tides; and an overview of beliefs about eclipses and their causes. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Heather, P. J Published Heather, P. J. "The Seven Planets." Folklore 54 (1943), pp. 338-361. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Seven Planets Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Henkin investigates the folkloric background to the story of "Aspidis the Serpent" told in Book 1 of the CA. The story tells of a snake whose forehead is studded with a carbuncle, and who protects itself against snake charmers by shutting its ears. Macaulay had noted that the story is based on Psalm 58 (and its interpretation by Augustine and Isidore of Seville), but Henkin asks where the detail of the carbuncle originates. He suggests a source in the folk and lapidary lore about the jewel "dracontides," a stone thought to be found in the brain of dragons. After a detailed survey of this myth, ranging from Socatus and Pliny to a variety of medieval lapidaries, Henkin notes that in two of the medieval texts on the subject, the Alphabetical Lapidary and its likely transcription in English, the Peterborough Lapidary, the dracontides is specifically identified as a carbuncle. It is thus apparent that the passage in Gower is "either a confusion or a conscious combining of two legends, one dealing with a snake in whose head is embedded a carbuncle, the other with a snake with a trick to nullify a charmer's incantations" (38). The possibility of an intentional conflation is strengthened by the dramatic function of the carbuncle in providing motivation for the conjurers' attempt to enchant the serpent. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Henkin, Leo J Published Henkin, Leo J. "The Carbuncle in the Adder's Head." Modern Language Notes 58.1 (1943), pp. 34-39. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Carbuncle in the Adder's Head Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower presented as background reading for Skelton, who knew at least the CA, and who at points is matched by Gower's moralizing voice and approach. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gordon, Ian A. Published Gordon, Ian A. John Skelton: Poet Laureate. Melbourne: University Press, 1943, pp. 5, 58, 62, 66, 106. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Skelton: Poet Laureate. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's couplets become monotonous, but he tells an honest, "unvarnished" tale, and can still "be read with pleasure." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Entwistle, William J. Gillett, Eric Published Entwistle, William J., and Eric Gillett. The Literature of England, A.D. 500-1942. London: Longmans, Green, 1943, p. 21 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Literature of England, A.D. 500-1942. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Utley, Francis Lee. Published Utley, Francis Lee. The Crooked Rib: An Analytical Index to the Argument About Women in English and Scots Literature to the End of the Year 1568. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1944, pp. 41, 51, 279, 313. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Review Details Gower's attitude toward women and the misogynist tradition, with the conclusion that Gower was fairly typical for the age. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Crooked Rib: An Analytical Index to the Argument About Women in English and Scots Literature to the End of the Year 1568. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Leonhard's dissertation is an alphabetical "Onomasticon" (name-dictionary) of "Confessio Amantis." It lists and identifies the "deities, persons, and places associated with [the Greco-Roman] mythological tradition" (iii), up to and including Ovid, that appear in Gower's poem, arranged by standardized classical spellings rather than Gower's own (but see the Index mentioned below), running from "Acamus" to "Zodiac." Leonhard's entries (some, a few lines; others, several pages) identify appropriate characteristics, plots, motifs, and contexts associated with a given name, and they provide the frequency of occurrences in CA with line numbers from Macaulay's edition, along with authenticating references to classical sources, the commentary tradition, and compilations through Boccaccio's "De Genealogia Deorum." The citations are not comprehensive, but representative of the tradition Gower must have known, as Leonhard sees it, and "if possible," she tells us with due hesitation, she indicates "the poet's probable source and his adaptation of that source" (iii). Some of the information is straightforward identification; some, more expansive. For example, the entry on "Alcestis" states that Gower is interested in her "only as the exemplary wife . . . ," but, in a footnote to the entry, we learn more specifically that the poet "omits the recall of Alcestis from Hades" and that "Ovid does not tell the story of Alcestis at all" (14). More discursively, at "Nysa" (73), where the Gowerian equivalent is "Dyon," Leonhard records that "Mount Nysa in India" is the "birthplace of Bacchus," citing corroborating references to the First Vatican Mythographer, Fulgentius, and Boccaccio, but then opining that "Gower must have had some reason for choosing the name 'Dyon'," she adds the cross-reference "See Semele" and goes on to suggest that Gower "could have had in mind the Greek name Dionysus" (90-91). Footnotes and cross-references abound, and the whole project must have been a Herculean chore to type and correct on a manual typewriter. Following the dictionary itself (pp. 4-101), Leonhard includes "An Appendix Composed of Contextual Excerpts from the Sources Referred to in the Onomasticon" (pp. 102-242)--extensive quotations of the passages in Latin, French, and English of the sources that Leonhard cites in the dictionary proper. A skeletal "Outline of Gower's Moral Tale" (pp. 243-55) follows--i.e., a topic outline or table of contents of CA arranged by Book, vice and/or virtue, and the tales used to illustrate them. The dissertation ends with an alphabetical Index of the included names in Gower's own spelling and usage--i.e., "Alceste" rather than "Alcestis" and "Dyon" rather than "Nysa"--that refers us back to the classical name-list, followed by a Bibliography of the sources Leonhard used. The whole project is painstaking, and although some of its information and perspectives have been superseded by more recent and wider research, it is a useful reference work and, nearly 80 years on, notable as marker in the reception history of Gower. Fortunately, the .pdf reproduction of the original typescript is widely and readily accessible. [MA. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 41.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Leonhard, Zelma Bernice. Published Leonhard, Zelma Bernice. "Classical Mythology in the Confessio Amantis of John Gower." Ph.D. dissertation. Northwestern University, 1944. vi, 274 pp. Dissertation Abstracts International A77.12 (E) [2017]: n.p. Available at ProQuest Dissertations & Theses; accessed January 12, 2022. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Bibliographies, reports, and Reference Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Classical Mythology in the "Confessio Amantis" of John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower in the tradition of Chaucer, Wycliff, and the "Roman de la Rose." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lalou, Rene. Published Lalou, Rene. La Littérature Anglaise. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1944, pp. 7-8. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Littérature Anglaise. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower was Chaucer's friend, fellow poet; thumbnail outlines of major poems. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Policardi, Silvio. Published Policardi, Silvio. Outlines of English Literature. 2d ed. rev. Padua: Cedam, 1944, pp. 50, 59, 157. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Outlines of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Faced with the fact that no major literary figure has suffered more at the hands of his critics than Gower, Coffman suggests that "the social instead of the literary aspects of Gower's writings may form the basis for an interpretation of him in his most significant role" (52). Gower is "an advocate of moral order" (53), and while his "social gospel" (53) presupposes no social equality (he has no faith in the common people), he does preach about honesty and integrity for all members of society. When men are ruled by reason, the result will be an ordered universe of peace and harmony. This vision is at the heart of all three of Gower's major works, and it underlies the notion of man as microcosm, as well as the "doctrine of individual responsibility" (54). When man uses his reason to understand God's plan for the universe then he will live a virtuous life in order to avert God's punishment for sin. Coffman argues that "Gower's complete works are as much a justification of the ways of God to man as are Milton's. His most significant role is his explanation and illustration of the ethical basis of God's universe for this little world of man" (60). By recognizing God's plans and living accordingly, man can "recreate a paradise on earth" (54). This emphasis on personal responsibility also informs Gower's opinions about Richard II and Henry IV. Of note in this regard is a passage in the CrT (3.486-87) which "echoes Wycliffe's doctrine that no man in mortal sin can hold dominion or lordship" (56). Similarly, in the CA Gower argues that the king who does not govern himself and lacks good judgment violates the law of reason and is not worthy to rule. The passage in question (CA 7.3071-83) uses phrasing "which might well have come from English puritans when they indicted Charles I over two centuries later" (57). Coffman further suggests that "In Praise of Peace" is based on the central theme of Marsiglio of Padua's Defensor Pacis, namely that the end of government is peace. The final part of the essay engages with C. S. Lewis' thoughts on courtly love, and suggests that Lewis failed to recognized that the CA was "at least in part a King's Courtesy Book" (60). As "a practical conservative-liberal" (61), Gower instructs the king and his readership in general in living a responsible life directed to "the welfare of England, his own dear land" (61). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Coffman, George R Published Coffman, George R. "John Gower in his Most Significant Role." In Elizabethan Studies and Other Essays in Honor of George F. Reynolds. Ed. West, E. J. University of Colorado Studies, Series B, 2 (4). Boulder, CO: [University of Colorado], 1945, pp. 52-61. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism In Praise of Peace Vox Clamantis Cronica Tripertita Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gower in his Most Significant Role Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available [University of Colorado], Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Callan compares Gower and Chaucer's telling of the tale of "Pyramus and Thisbe." He notes Gower's aptitude for didacticism, and adds, "Gower has a simple mind, unencumbered with subtleties, and it is one of the incidental pleasures of reading the Confessio Amantis to see what surprising lessons he can extract from the most unpromising material" (270). Gower on the whole translates his original closely, "but he is never the slave of it" (271). For instance, he expands the description of Polyphemus' envious emotions and alters Ovid's somewhat abstruse account of Medea's necromancy. Chaucer's adaptation of Ovid is more varied. His rendering of "The Legend of Lucretia" stays so "tediously close" (272) to Ovid that it lacks all spontaneity. On the other hand, when Chaucer works freely with his source he produces more "felicitous re-creations of individuals words and lines" (274) than Gower. In "Pyramus and Thisbe," for instance, Chaucer retains the detail that the walls of the town are made from baked tiles ("coctilibus" in Ovid), and he renders Thisbe's hiding from the lion with the unique verb "darketh" (Ovid has "obscurum"). Chaucer's lines tend to resonate with more powerful echoes, and so Callan concludes that "[d]espite the virtues of Gower's rendering which make it at a first reading more attractive than Chaucer's, there is a strength in the latter which brings us back to his passages more than once, when we are content to let Gower remain a pleasant memory" (276). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Callan, Norman Published Callan, Norman. "Thyn Owne Book: A Note on Chaucer, Gower and Ovid." Review of English Studies 22 (1946), pp. 269-281. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thyn Owne Book: A Note on Chaucer, Gower and Ovid Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Chute Marchette. Published Chute Marchette. Geoffrey Chaucer of England. New York: Dutton, 1946, pp. 82, 83, 129, 145, 193, 199, 200, 204, 205, 207, 234, 235, 241, 245, 249, 271, 272, 291, 316. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Chaucer and Gower relations were friendly and close; Chaucer knew Gower's work, which is generally more moral than Chaucer's; the whole of CA is a compliment to Chaucer, because it was written in English. Gower was a social critic in MO and VC. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geoffrey Chaucer of England. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief allusions to linguistic similarities in the literary dialects of Chaucer and Gower. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Tallese, Tarquinio. Published Tallese, Tarquinio. La Poesia di Chaucer. 2d rev. ed. Naples: R. Pironti, 1946, pp. 11, 13, 25. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Poesia di Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Generally even-handed assessment of Gower as a poet. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Joachums, M. C. Published Joachums, M. C. "The Legend of the Voice from Heaven." Notes and Queries, New Series 11 (1946): 44-47. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Legend of the Voice from Heaven. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography; description and summaries of works; friend of Chaucer, and a moralist. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Zanco, Aurelio. Published Zanco, Aurelio. Storia della Letterature Inglese: Dalle Origini alla Restaurazione, 650-1660. Turin: Chiantore, 1946, I, 52, 53, 87-91 94, 96, 141, 344, 366, 367 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Storia della Letterature Inglese: Dalle Origini alla Restaurazione, 650-1660. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography; list of works; works assessment generally positive. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Raith, Josef. Published Raith, Josef. Meister in Poesie und Prosa. Munich: Lurz, 1947, p. 23. Reprinted in Geschichte der englischen Literatur. Munich: Heuber, 1961, p. 57. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Meister in Poesie und Prosa. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947 1961 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Recommends caution against certainty in considering Gower, Chaucer, Wyclif, Langland, or John of Trevisa to be "makers" of English vocabulary, citing lack of evidence before the sixteenth century. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Barker, Ernest. Published Barker, Ernest. The Character of England. Oxford: Clarendon, 1947, p. 288 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Character of England. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Cites Macaulay's "Complete Works of Gower" (II, xivll) in support of the notion that the "Manuel des Peches" and "Handlyng Synne" participate in a tradition of practical manuals of confession. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Robertson, D. W., Jr. Published Robertson, D. W., Jr. "The Cultural Tradition of 'Handlyng Synne'." Speculum 22 (1947): 162-85, esp. 164n14. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Cultural Tradition of "Handlyng Synne." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A general discussion of Chaucer and fifteenth-century writers, with comparisons to CA, MO, and VC at several points. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Published Bennett, H. S. Chaucer and the Fifteenth Century. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1947, pp. 8, 10, 24, 39, 68, 71, 80, 81, 83, 114, 126, 152. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Vox Clamantis Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and the Fifteenth Century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947