19 100 2176 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Braeger estimates that in New College MS 266 there were originally at least 32 illuminations (13 of which have been lost). With some acknowledgment of the difficulties created by our lack of knowledge of the types of models that were available to the artist, Braeger claims that taken together, these illustrations guide the reader to a particular way of interpreting the poem. The emphasis, in the choice of which tales to illustrate, is on what he calls "conversion narratives," in which the protagonist is brought to self-discovery and from vice to virtue; within these tales, the event that is illustrated is typically the encounter or discovery that provides "the initial moment of the protagonist's moral insight, the beginning of conversion" (p. 280). The other illustrations also "often feature moments of self- examination and insight similar to those of the conversion narratives" (p. 290). This emphasis draws attention, of course, to the analogy of Amans' "conversion" as a result of his encounter with Genius, which is also illustrated in the MS. It also provides a model for the reader's encounter with the poem and the "conversion" from vice to virtue that it offers. [PN. Copyright The New Gower Society. JGN 9.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Braeger, Peter C. Published Braeger, Peter C.. "The Illustrations in New College MS. 266 for Gower's Conversion Tales." In John Gower: Recent Readings. Papers Presented at the Meetings of the John Gower Society at the International Congress on Medieval Studies, Western Michigan University, 1983-88. Ed. Yeager, R.F.. Kalamazoo, MI: Western Michigan University, 1989, pp. 275-310. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Illustrations in New College MS. 266 for Gower's Conversion Tales Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Western Michigan University, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review With Chaucer as its focus, the paper surveys Chaucer's use of impersonal verbs, sorting them by syntactic and lexical criteria. It enumerates differences between Chaucer's usage and those of Gower and Langland. Based on an admittedly small data base, the paper does not draw any larger conclusions about Chaucer's practices or linguistic history, though it does suggest that his usage is more "sensitive" than that of his contemporaries. [TWM. Copyright, John Gower Society. eJGN 43.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Ohno, Hideshi. Published Ohno, Hideshi. "The Impersonal and Personal Constructions in the Language of Chaucer." In Osamu Imahayashi, et al. eds., Aspects of the History of English Language and Literature: Selected Papers read at SHELL 2009, Hiroshima. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2010. Pp. 115-29. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Impersonal and Personal Constructions in the Language of Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Chaucer uses Gower as well as Trivet as a source for his "Man of Law's Tale," which is more artful than the others. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Culver, T. D. Published Culver, T. D. "The Imposition of Order: A Measure of Art in the Man of Law's Tale." Yearbook of English Studies 2 (1972): 13-20. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Influence and Later Allsion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Imposition of Order: A Measure of Art in the "Man of Law's Tale." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Unexamined. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Thomson, P. W. Published Thomson, P.W. "The Influence of Chaucer, Gower, and Lydgate on the Scottish Poets in the 15th and early 16th Centuries. B.Litt. Thesis. Oxford University, 1915. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Influence of Chaucer, Gower, and Lydgate on the Scottish Poets in the 15th and early 16th Centuries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Study divided into two parts: first, determines what mythographers thought about Gower's central figures (Venus, Cupid, Genius); second, carefully examines Gower's handling of stories within this tradition. Discovers some variation from standard mythological "treatment" in Gower, usually to show areas of Genius' ignorance. Mostly, Gower follows mythological tradition closely. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Foster, James Joseph. Published Forster, James Joseph. The Influence of Medieval Mythography on John Gower. Ph.D. Dissertation. Duke University, 1973. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Influence of Medieval Mythography on John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Rather than focusing upon merely the subject matter Gower derived from Ovid, Mish addresses how Gower's poetry in the "Vox Clamantis" is influenced by Ovid's poetic art. Mish posits that certain poetic aspects as well as elements of Ovid's life account for the fact that Ovid's "example is at work in the poem in so many direct and indirect ways that his is, quite simply, the most pervasive and significant poetic influence" on the VC (18.). Apart from analyzing "the function of the Ovidian borrowings in the poem," Mish addressed "the ways, both direct and indirect, in which Ovid's example affected the poetry which Gower himself composed in this work: indirectly, in the shaping of Gower's conception of his role as a poet; directly, in the development of his metrical technique, his sense of structure, and his style" (18) Mish includes an appendix with 217 lines from Ovid which Mish argues Gower incorporated or adapted in the VC (primarily in Book 1, which is the focus of much of Mish's study) not accounted for in Macaulay's edition or Stockton's translation. [BWG. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Mish, Frederick Crittenden. Published Mish, Frederick Crittenden. "The Influence of Ovid on John Gower's 'Vox clamantis'." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Minnesota, 1973. Dissertation Abstracts International 34.11: 7198A. Full text available at ProQuest. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Influence of Ovid on John Gower's "Vox clamantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "An analysis of the influence of the 'Roman de la Rose' on the 'Confessio Amantis' allows us appreciation of the unity and coherence of John Gower's major English poem, and illuminates aspects of Gower's poetic practice which have been marginalized in criticism." RR is the "generic model" of CA, "from which Gower derives not only the main characters but also the central theme and ironic textual strategy" of his poem. "Both poems are concerned with the relationship of sexual desire to reason . . . . [and this] opposition is explored through the juxtaposition of amatory and moral literary traditions and arguments of inadequate authority figures in the absence of a definitive authorial point of view . . . ." RR "provides Gower with the model for his deployment of digressions to place sexual desire in the context of essential human nature . . . . Thus the digressions in the 'Confessio Amantis' function as integral parts of the poem which possesses both intellectual and formal unity . . . . In the digressions in Book V of the 'Confessio Amantis,' for example, Gower draws on the presentation of the narrative of Venus and Mars in the 'Roman de la Rose' to question the allegorical interpretation of Ovidian exempla, and to dramatize the comic difficulties created by Genius's irreconcilable commitments to the amatory and the moral." Author/Editor Author/Editor Robson, A. N. Published Robson, A. N. "The Influence of the 'Roman de la Rose' on the 'Confessio Amantis'." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Cambridge, 1991. Index to Theses, with Abstracts: Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland 40.4 (1991), no. 7417. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Influence of the "Roman de la Rose" on the "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Nicholson focuses on works about Gower, including several important overviews of his literary career that have appeared in book-length studies and in essays such as those gathered, for example, in Siân Echard's recent "Companion to Gower." He identifies major bibliographies (by Yeager, Nicholson, and, again, Echard), and briefly discusses Gower's sources for the "Confessio." Most of this essay, however, attends to the critical tradition, not only major book-length studies extending from those by Wickert, Fisher, Schmitz, Gallacher, and Peck to the present, as well as important essay collections, but also major issues. Nicholson frames the latter with a brief discussion of Macaulay's introduction, C.S. Lewis's "Allegory of Love," and Fisher's "John Gower" and the issues these scholars raise. The fullest consideration is devoted to scholars who qualify Lewis's account of the poem and seek to address Gower's seemingly problematic treatment of love in a moral frame. In recent decades, that discussion has led to a spirited critical debate regarding "the poem's paradoxes and inconsistencies" (23). In the last analysis, "the 'Confessio Amantis' has served as a mirror of the preoccupations of its readers. Some extol its complex but coherent plan, others celebrate its fractures, but all find it worthy of study and exploration" (24-25). [Kurt Olsson. Copyright. The John Gower Society. JGN 31.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Nicholson, Peter Published Nicholson, Peter. "The Instructor's Library." In Approaches to Teaching the Poetry of John Gower. Ed. Yeager, R. F., and Gastle, Brian W. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2011, pp. 17-25. ISBN 9781603290999 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Instructor's Library Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Modern Language Association of America, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses Nature as landscape, and notes Gower uses the idea very little: in CA, "[f]or the most part, he is too absorbed in his love-story and his often ill-fitting moral to have any eye for landscape." [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Moorman, Frederic. Published Moorman, Frederic. The Interpretation of Nature in English Poetry from Beowulf to Shakespeare. Quellen und Forschungen zur Sprach- und Kulturgeschichte der Germanische Völker, no. 95. Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, 1905, pp. 122-24. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Interpretation of Nature in English Poetry from Beowulf to Shakespeare. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower has "no sympathy with the feeling for nature," unlike Chaucer and the Scottish Chaucerians. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bryan, J. Ingram. Published Bryan, J. Ingram. The Interpretation of Nature in English Poetry. Tokyo: Kaitakusha, 1932. Reprint. Folcroft Library, 1972, p. 71. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Interpretation of Nature in English Poetry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Chapter 1 surveys some approaches used to analyse the effect of illustrations on a reader, among them Alain-Marie Bassy's distinction between textual "relay" and textual "anchorage." Chapter 2 analyses certain Middle English prefatory pictures which operate like Bassy's "relay;" these pictures bring familar iconographic motifs to bear upon the authorial persona the literary work presents. Depicting either the Lover's Confession or Nebuchadnezzar's Statue, the prefatory miniatures in manuscripts of Gower's Confessio Amantis help characterize the works protagonists and help confirm the poet's own role as a prophet who warns the king that the final age of history has come. Chapter 3 shows that the illustrations in MS New College 266 typically highlight moments of moral conversion and self-recognition from the exempla. Chapter 4 shows that the illustrations in MS Morgan M.126 typically emphasize scenes from the exempla that reflect the political and moral discord of the present age described by Gower in the Prologue. An appendix contains iconographic descripions and reproductions of the miniatures used in the study. [JGN 5.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Braeger, Peter C. Published Braeger, Peter C.. "The Interrelationships of Text and Illustration in Some Middle English Literary Manuscripts." PhD thesis, Purdue University, 1986. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Interrelationships of Text and Illustration in Some Middle English Literary Manuscripts. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Type The nature or genre of the resource Thesis NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "This dissertation analyzes the actions and attitudes of characters in several fourteenth-century English works as those characters seek to define themselves and their places in the world; during personal and social crises, those characters turn inward either to examine their consciences or to embrace their fantasies. The thesis of this study is that by dramatizing the inadequate reactions to crisis of limited human characters, these poems and plays attempt to provoke more discerning self-examination in the individuals who compose their audiences. These Middle English works are more ironic than didactic, focussing one irony on the characters' failures of self-knowledge and thus appealing to a detached, critical audience, yet focussing another irony on the reader, whose circumstances parallel the characters' but who recognizes his own imperfection only after he has passed uncharitable judgment. The first chapter traces the reflections of historical crisis in fourteenth-century English literature, also turning to St. Augustine's 'On the Trinity' and to Boethius's 'Consolation of Philosophy' in order to establish the contrast between self-serving and self-searching that recurs as well in many Middle English works. Three specific poems develop this contrast through related metaphors: Gower's 'Confessio Amantis' sets sorcery and fantasy (two ways of exercising mind over matter) against the healthier transformations effected by confession; Langland's 'Piers Plowman' dramatizes the differences between literal and spiritual definitions of labor and pilgrimage; and Chaucer's 'Canon's Yeoman's Tale' contrasts alchemy with self-examination and confession, which effect internal metamorphoses. . . ." [eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Haman, Mark Stefan. Published Haman, Mark Stefan. "The Introspective and Egocentric Quests of Character and Audience: Modes of Self-Definition in the York Corpus Christi Cycle and in Chaucer's Merchant's Tale." Ph. D. Diss. University of Rochester 1982. DAI 42(10): 4444A. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Introspective and Egocentric Quests of Character and Audience: Modes of Self-Definition in the York Corpus Christi Cycle and in Chaucer's Merchant's Tale. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "The Invention of Fire" represents Holsinger's follow-up to "A Burnable Book" (reviewed in eJGN 33.1 (2014) by Michael Livingston). It is the second of a projected three novels featuring John Gower as the central character. In Holsinger's telling Gower is part honest sleuth, relied upon by the great and powerful, part professional extortionist, who makes his living dealing in dirt. As in "A Burnable Book," murder, treason, forgery, prostitution and petty thievery find their way into every cranny and corner of Holsinger's noir London, intertwining with the precise historical detail (for which Holsinger has a fine nose) that is both accurate and workable. In "The Invention of Fire," the moment is 1386, the fire emanates from "handgonnes" just then being developed, in this telling, to effect a coup d'etat, and the results are slaughtered women and children in Normandy, entangled corpses below the Thames-side public privies, and high-level betrayals that, if true, would go far to explain events in parliament and court in that year. Gower, whose progressively deteriorating vision (clearly Holsinger's fortuitous take on the handicap requisite for "private eyes"--think Holmes' cocaine use, Philip Marlowe's drinking) plays a larger part in this second novel than in the first, is asked on the Q.T. to follow a thread that leads him not only abroad (!) where he meets his son, Simon (!!), but more plausibly to the highest and lowest social strata. Like "A Burnable Book," this one is a good yarn, and if it feels a bit thinner and more rushed-out than the first, it nevertheless still offers many pleasures for Gowerians, not the least of which is watching Gower perform as an almost-man of action, while Chaucer (again) comes off as more than a little shifty, a bit of a worm trending cad-ward directly. [RFY. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 35.1.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Holsinger, Bruce Published Holsinger, Bruce. "The Invention of Fire." New York: HarperCollins, 2015 ISBN 9780062356451 Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Invention of Fire Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available HarperCollins, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Nolan's abstract to her article conceivably provides the most succinct summary of what she has done: "This paper traces the emergence of style in English writing from the fourteenth century to the sixteenth century, performing textual analysis at both the macro and micro level by using computer software (Voyant; Stylo for R; AntConc) in tandem with traditional close reading. Two major databases were deployed: first, a collection of 279 Middle English digital texts. . . and second, the Middle English Glossarial Database created by Professor Larry D. Benson, which includes lemmatized texts of Chaucer and Gower's English corpora. The results show that the literary sense of 'style' is introduced to the English literary tradition by Chaucer, by way of Petrarch, and then more fully explored by Lydgate, especially in his "Fall of Princes." Using stylometry software (Stylo for R by M.Eder), the essay shows in a series of graphs how Chaucer and Gower's style are distinct from one another, using principal components analysis, cluster analysis, a bootstrap consensus tree, and network analysis; these graphs also show a clear distinction between Chaucer's verse and his prose . . . . the difference between Chaucer and Gower is related to these writers' explicit gestures toward 'high style' (Chaucer) and the 'plain style' (Gower). The final section of the paper . . . [shows] that Lydgate pioneered the notion of a writer's personal style, in contradistinction to the rhetorical levels of style (high and low) to which Chaucer and Gower refer" (33-34). It should be noted, parenthetically, that by relying on Benson's Glossarial Database for all of her examples, Nolan's conclusions apply only to the "Confessio Amantis"; Gower's French and Latin poetry, which exhibit a variety of styles, both "high" and "plain," are excluded from her study, with the exception of a brief mention in fn. 27 (49). [RFY. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Nolan, Maura. Published Nolan, Maura. "The Invention of Style." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 41 (2019): 33-71, A1-A12. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Invention of Style. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "As in the vernaculars aristocratic coterie entertainments and vulgar literary performances ("minstrelcy" and "popular tales") were supplemented (though not displaced) by broader treatments, of matter of broader import, for broader audiences, so too in Latin the post-plague fourteenth century in England saw poets inventing subject-matters for their work, of interest beyond the more narrowly clerical matters to which they theretofore restricted themselves, and inventing modes of address to go with such subject-matters, appropriate for addressing potentially interested non-clerical parties, as well as a widened range of persons having some clerical status. The later fourteenth-century Anglo-Latin poets' invention of broader secular subjects and audiences for their Latin writings was matched too by their invention of a simpler, more broadly apprehensible style, involving unrhymed dactylic verse" (390). The central figure in Carlson's stylistic narrative is Gower, particularly in the "Visio Anglie" now incorporated into Book 1 of VC, which Carlson takes to be the only "preponderantly Ricardian piece still evident" in the much revised and edited longer work (398). The Visio "focuses on secular affairs . . . , at the national level even, in which diverse social groups had to take an interest, not excluding the clerical estates but not restricted to them. In it, Gower argues for an agenda for a particular programme of secular governance – albeit an appallingly narrow, reactionary one . . . – and Gower argues this agenda in largely if not exclusively secular terms" (398), employing the dream-vision form and writing in "unrhymed elegiac distichs – a complementary form of versification, unadorned, that lent the work stylistic accessibility" (399), that does not appear remarkable by classical standards but that stands out in sharp contrast to the practices of other contemporary writers of Latin verse. Gower abandoned his own experiment: his last major Latin work, the Cronica Tripertita, employs complex rhyme patterns "in addition to other stylistic features in common with the hyper-sophisticated scholastic Latin poetry" (401). But the simpler style lived on in the work of other poets who wrote on contemporary events, notably Richard Maidstone and the anonymous composer of the Lancastrian "Metrical Historia regum Angliae continuation." [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 26.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Carlson, David R Published Carlson, David R. "The Invention of the Anglo-Latin Public Poetry (circa 1367-1402) and its Prosody, esp. in John Gower." Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 39 (2004), pp. 389-406. ISSN 0076-9762 Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Vox Clamantis Cronica Tripertita Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Invention of the Anglo-Latin Public Poetry (circa 1367-1402) and its Prosody, esp. in John Gower Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biographical sketch of Gower. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Leland, John. Published Leland, John. The Itinerary of John Leland, the Antiquary. Oxford: Theatro Shedloniano, 1710-12, VI, 13. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Itinerary of John Leland, the Antiquary. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1710-1712 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The prince's role as judge is a central concern of the "Fürstenspiegel" tradition, McGerr notes, but the three works in question in this essay "complicate the depiction of legal judgment by inscribing the poet into the process of judgment. . . . The author's persona is literally judged within the poem but figuratively authorizes a process of judgment for readers that links literary judgment to legal judgment. In particular, by exploring the relationship between reading and judging, these authors constructed poems that highlight the role of reading as a means of developing good judgment, whether by princes or by other readers whose self-government contributed to creating a just society" (167). The link between reading and judging has deeps roots in language, McGerr observes, in the common Latin root of both "legible" and "legislation," for instance, and in the multiple uses, in Old and Middle English, of "raedan" and "reden." Isidore of Seville declared that "lex a legendo vocata," and John of Salisbury, echoing Deuteronomy, insisted that rulers should read the law each day. In Dante, the link between reading and legal judgment is most explicit in the sphere of Justice in "Paradiso" 18-20, a passage that McGerr labels a "mirror for princes" in its concern for just rulership. Machaut's "Navarre" explores the relation between reading and judgment by framing the debate about suffering in love in legal terms and by ascribing to the King of Navarre "'reading' skills superior to those of the poet-narrator" (177). Gower's CA is linked to both earlier works in its linking of love and kingship, in its education of both the lover-narrator and the prince, and in its emphasis on the importance of law to good kingship. Citing Mitchell and others, McGerr notes Gower's use of exempla to provoke the reader to more perceptive reading. She adds a discussion of Gower's pervasive use of "rede" and its derivatives in contexts invoking reading, judging, and advising (many of which also require the reader's alert attention in order to discern the proper sense) and Genius' repeated references to the lesson to be found in "bokes." "The 'Confessio' suggests strongly that reading can serve as a means of inquiry and analysis that facilitates ethical judgment, for kings and others. Gower's poem presents a portrait of the prince as judge and therefore one for whom reading skills are essential; but, through the poet-protagonist's experience of the process of judgment within the narrative, the 'Confessio' also presents its advice about royal judgment indirectly, at the same time that it . . . offers all readers a mean of gaining greater skill in ethical judgment" (186). [PN. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 37.1]. Author/Editor Author/Editor McGerr, Rosemarie. Published McGerr, Rosemarie. "The Judge as Reader, the Reader as Judge: Literary and Legal Judgment in Dante, Machaut, and Gower." In R. Barton Palmer and Burt Kimmelman, eds. Machaut's Legacy: The Judgment Poetry Tradition in the Later Middle Ages and Beyond (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2017), pp. 165-91. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Judge as Reader, the Reader as Judge: Literary and Legal Judgment in Dante, Machaut, and Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review From Codling's abstract: "The thesis breaks new ground in examining Henry IV's kingship from the perspective of its 'theatre', and in looking at how the king fashioned and projected a convincing image of majesty. Its principal themes are: the king's personality and the practice of his kingship; his response to problems of a dubious title; the public and private aspects of his piety; his court; his relations with parliament; his responses to challenges to his kingship; the use of 'propaganda' to establish his regime and his patronage of art and architecture. The underlying assumption is that, whilst Henry IV's finances and the composition of his retinue have already been extensively covered, little has been done to bring to life the character and kingly style of Henry himself. The main sources used are the two surviving Wardrobe accounts for the region (E101/404/21 and MS Harleian 319) and other Exchequer and Wardrobe material in E101 and E403 (Public Record Office); the Duchy of Lancaster Accounts (DL28); letters, for example: 'Royal and Historical Letters of Henry IV,' ed. F.C. Hingeston and 'Anglo-Norman Letters & Petitions,' ed. M. D. Legge; chronicles for 1399-1413; literary sources, in particular the work of John Gower; and surviving material evidence, such as Henry's tomb at Canterbury Cathedral." Author/Editor Author/Editor Codling, Deborah Ann. Published Codling, Deborah Ann. The Kingly Style of Henry IV: Personality, Politics and Culture. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of London, Royal Holloway College, 2005. Dissertation Abstracts International C70.40. Abstract accessible via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Kingly Style of Henry IV: Personality, Politics and Culture. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Grady, Frank Published Grady, Frank. "The Lancastrian Gower and the Limits of Exemplarity." Speculum 70 (1995), pp. 552-75. Gower Subject In Praise of Peace Review Gower's longer poems, MO, VC, and CA, have frequently been studied with reference to the political events of the poet's time, especially the turbulent last decade of the reign of Richard II when VC and CA both apparently underwent substantial revision. Grady looks at a different work, the poem that Macaulay entitled "In Praise of Peace," in the context of a different era, the equally turbulent first years of the reign of Henry IV; and he finds that, rather than being an "inert, if elegant, piece of Lancastrian propaganda" as commonly thought, the poem actually betrays the "anxieties of its historical moment": that it reflects, more consciously than has ever been recognized, the incoherencies of the "legitimating discourse" that defended the rights of a conqueror and usurper to the throne, and also, in the subtlety of its strategy, the difficulties inherent in giving advice to a king. Gower opens his poem with a straightfaced echo of the rhetoric of the official Lancastrian justification of the usurpation, but his ostensible project, the advocacy of peace, is obviously difficult to reconcile with the necessity of defending Henry's use force to assert his right to the throne. The problems become evident when Gower resorts to his favorite technique of historical analogy: the exempla that he chooses must be forced to fit the context (as we can see by comparing them to the same stories in CA), and still fail to fully support his point. He begins his argument, for instance, by apparently offering a choice between Solomon's course and Alexander's. Each must be so beset by qualifications, however, that neither offers a clear model for Henry (the implications of the comparison to Alexander, in fact, seem particularly dangerous at this time), nor does either support the complex balancing of wisdom and the need for war that Gower finally advocates in lines 64-70. For the alert reader, the poet raises more questions here about Henry's rule and about the possibility of reconciling wisdom and conquest than he chooses to answer: rather than exploring the contradictions, both in the position he adopts and in his method, Gower merely plunges on. The later example of Constantine (lines 337-57) is even more contrived, for there are conflicting legends of his conversion, and Constantine thus offers no clear distinction between the "law of grace and pity" and "the law of right." But Gower selects what is necessary for his point, just as he selects, and omits a great deal, in the portrait that he chooses to paint of Henry, in order to draw the analogy between his king and Constantine. "We might atttribute this strategy to the triumph of hope over experience or, given the genre, advice over history," Brady writes. "But I would suggest that it is precisely Gower's twenty-five years' hard experience as a poet writing to kings about kingship that makes him simultaneously so conventional in his praises and so subtle in his exasperation. For that is what I take 'In Praise of Peace' to be, in the end -- a poem of exasperation and a valediction to the mirror-for-princes genre, in which Gower's great fidelity to the genre's formal demands and deep grasp of its philosophical premises produce a text that is always on the verge of revealing the intractable paradoxes of that form and the incoherence (or tendentiousness) of that philosophy. 'In Praise of Peace' is a kind of fugitive art, constantly fleeing from the contradictions that it is incessantly uncovering." [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 15.1] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lancastrian Gower and the Limits of Exemplarity Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "John Gower's 'Confessio amantis' is a text deeply informed by concepts of the late fourteenth-century aristocratic household and the social structures it supported. This thesis offers an interpretation of Gower's poem guided by the poem's own language of the great household and its intersection with contemporary texts within this discursive territory. These texts include parliamentary petitions on livery and maintenance, the appeal and impeachments of the Merciless Parliament of 1388, vision poetry of Chaucer and Sir John Clanvowe, and household administrative records. Many critical readings of the 'Confessio' deploy concepts of the political too narrow adequately to illuminate the work's historical situation of production and use. I attempt to locate the 'Confessio' in an aristocratic milieu of magnates and landed gentry. The generic strands blended in Gower's text evince an aristocratic readership (designated and actual), and register a bifurcation of interests within this readership. This splitting, and the literary themes and generic expectations which reflect it, are examined under headings of the 'courtly' and the 'traditionalist.' The 'Confessio' functions as an appropriation of ephemeral, exclusive courtly poetry, endeavouring to refashion it as edifying and socially (that is, aristocratically) responsible, or traditionalist. Evidence of textual usage, including manuscript provenance and Gower's own revisions, suggests accommodation and resistance to this transformation. Theories of symbolic and material exchange, meanwhile, align one-sided 'magnificence' and asymmetrically ordered 'reciprocity' with courtliness and traditionalism respectively. The representation of household-based social relations and exchanges in Genius and Amans's confessional dialogue, in its petitionary frame (which sequesters penance to lay, seigneurial authority), and in the exemplary tales supports the poem's traditionalist politics. It also aligns these politics with the interest in the privileges of a landed community (and magnate responsibility for them) which is manifest in contemporary parliamentary texts. Gower's discussion of kingship, like aspects of these texts, discloses a slippage towards magnificence which casts into relief the tension between reciprocity and hierarchy inherent in traditionalist, reciprocalist discourse." Author/Editor Author/Editor Kendall, Elliot.  Published Kendall, Elliot. The Landowner's Book of Courtly Love: Languages of Lordship and the "Confessio amantis." Ph.D. Dissertation.  University of Oxford, 2003. Dissertation Abstracts International C70.36. Abstract accessible via ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Landowner's Book of Courtly Love: Languages of Lordship and the "Confessio amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Discusses the manuscript tradition of Gower's English poems, and selects the Fairfax and Stafford MSS of the Confessio Amantis for a fresh examination of the dialect. The results of this examination show that Gower's language combined features of two entirely separate regional dialects, which can each be pinpointed, one in a narrowly delimited area of N. W. Suffolk. This result is then found to tally exactly with external historical evidence concerning the Gower family. The article concludes with a brief discussion of some of the implications the evidence of Gower's mixed dialect has for our understanding of late 14th-century speech patterns in and around London. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 4.2] This socio-linguistic study, based ona new language analysis of readings in the Fairfax and Stratford MSS., discusses the relationships of the MSS. of the Confessio Amantis and In Praise of Peace an concludes it is questionable that Gower's English is that of the court at London or that of Chaucer. Linguistic features isolated here suggest two distinct authorial dialectical strata: N.W. Kentish and S.W. East Anglian (localized in the triangle in S.W. Suffolk bounded by Bury St. Edmunds, Clare, and Lavenham). The study thus suggests the linguistic hypothesis of two separate regional influences in Gower's upbringing. The hypothesis is confirmed by the external fact that Gower's family owned land at Kentwall (within the noted triangle) and at Otford in N.W. Kent. Included are three MS, stemmata and a dialectical map. [Douglas J. McMillan. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 2.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Samuels, M.L Smith, J.J Published Samuels, M.L and Smith, J.J. "The Language of Gower." Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 82 (1981), pp. 295-304. ISSN 0028-3754 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Language of Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Tarvers, Josephine Koster. Published Tarvers, Josephine Koster. The Language of Prayer in Middle English,1200-1400 (Medieval, Religious, Katherine Group, Chaucer). Ph.D. Dissertation. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985. DAI-A 46.11. Fully accessible via ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review Tarvers studies prayer in Middle English literature, analyzing "about 200 published Middle English prayers" and "21 hitherto-unpublished prayers from Bodleian manuscripts (which are presented in appendices). The analysis identified nine components commonly found in prayers (formulae of address, two kinds of honorifics, professions of faith, petitions, grounds for petitions, interpolated amplification, homiletic elements, and closing formulae) and the various forms each component takes." Then Tarvers "goes on to examine historically the treatment of these components in Middle English pious and didactic collections, such as "The South English Legendary," "The Lay Folks' Mass Book," "The Pricke of Conscience," and the Vernon MS. The examination brought to light three generally identifiable styles: a plain one; a second strikingly characterized by repetition, which I call "iterative," and a third which I call "elaborate," because the writer appears to be conscious of style and the result is mannered. The examination revealed that prayers tend to become more iterative and elaborate as the fourteenth century progresses. But the progression is not a steady one: there is a peak of stylistic elaboration in the prayers embodied in the "Katherine group" to which subsequent prayers rarely attain. The last part of my study, which is of prayers in literary works, including the romances and the works of the "Pearl-poet," Langland, Gower, and Chaucer, produced two unexpected results. The prayers in these works proved to have the same components [as] those composed primarily for devotion and differed only in one structural particular, the occasional interruption of the prayer by the narrator to relate it to the narrative situation. Otherwise, what distinguished the prayers in the literary works was, effectively, a superior command of style in those writers" (n.p.). Tarvers (pp. 177-82) comments on stylistic features of eight prayers in Gower's Confessio Amantis: the narrator's early address to Venus, Amans' prayer to Genius, Nabuchadnezzer's prayer to God, a prayer at the end of Iphis and Araxarathen, two prayers in Jason and Medea, one in Philomena, and the narrators' rhyme-royal prayer to Cupid and Venus near the end of the poem. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Language of Prayer in Middle English,1200-1400 (Medieval, Religious, Katherine Group, Chaucer). Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Notes that Gower's ballades are in accord with French models, drawing much on Helen L. Cohen (1915). [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Friedman, Albert B. Published Friedman, Albert B. "The Late Medieval Ballade and the Origin of Broadside Balladry." Medium Aevum 27 (1958): 98-99. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Late Medieval Ballade and the Origin of Broadside Balladry. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The Latin verses are one of the least well known portions of Confessio Amantis, in large part because of the difficulties that they can pose; through the success of their translations, Echard and Fanger have also demonstrated the importance of these verses to the understanding of Gower's work. Their book presents all 70 Latin epigrams from CA as found in Macaulay's edition, with an facing-page English verse translation and notes on problems of interpretation and on the relation between the Latin verses and Gower's English text. The Preface by A.G. Rigg treats "Gower's Place in Anglo-Latin Literature" and his "Meter and Language." It is brief but well informed: the first part surveys English Latin writing of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and will be very useful to those who are more familiar with literature in English. His notes on the language are limited to what is idiosyncratic to Gower, but will be of help to anyone trying to deal with these verses on his or her own. The translators' introduction is concerned with the importance of what they refer to as the "machinery" of the poem, with the stylistic quality of the Latin verses, and with their relation to the English text. Their comments on the importance of word-play and ambiguity in the verses are an essential supplement to their translations. The value of the translations themselves is revealed by comparing them to the many less successful and occasionally inept attempts that have appeared in the published commentary on CA, which Echard and Fanger are gracious enough not to cite. This book is no mere crib, however: the translators have renounced mere prose translations in favor of their own verse renderings, which, though often strikingly successful both as translations and as poetry, raise some questions regarding the intended audience. The translators justify their choice in their introduction: through verse, they claim, they are better able to preserve the poetic effects, such as the functional ambiguity and paranomasia, of the original, and also to reflect the liveliness and merit of verse that is often thought of as dull. The second justification is certainly consistent with one of the expressed purposes of this book, which is to heighten appreciation of the poet. Prose has its advantages too, however, one being that it makes it easier to retrace the translators' steps back into the Latin, where the real interest of all serious readers must lie; and despite their claim, there are certainly adequate means in prose to describe if not to imitate the effects that they refer to. To give one example, which is not offered as typical, but which illustrates both some of the merits of this book and also the need to keep the Latin original close by, Echard and Fanger render the familiar opening epigram of Book 1 of CA in this way: "Created love to Nature's law subdues / This orb, and causes beasts to share one mind. / For love appears to rule this world as prince, / Whose help by all is needed, rich and poor. / In combat Love and Fortune equal are: / As snares for mankind both revolve blind wheels. / Sick health, vexed rest is love, a warlike peace, / A wound most sweet, fair ill, a pious fault." There is much to commend here, and line 6 in particular is probably the best that can be done with an awkward and difficult passage. A helpful note comments on Gower's "naturatus amor," easing whatever reservations there might be about "created love." Line 2, however, contains a problem: the original reads "et vnanimes concitat esse feras." Which is direct object and which is object complement is not clear. Others, such as Kurt Olsson (1992:27; see JGN 9.2) have taken it the other way around, reading "and incites everyone alike to be wild"; while Winthrop Wetherbee (1991:7; see JGN 11.1), sees a functional ambiguity. Atypically, Echard and Fanger provide no note, and one cannot be sure whether they rejected the alternate reading or simply did not consider it. And in the last two lines, they have silently altered the order of the designations of love, evidently for the sake of meter; in addition to making the translation less useful as a gloss, the translators have also altered the emphasis, however slightly. Some of their other translations are even freer, but the many inevitable quibbles over the most precise choice of word do not outweigh the service that Echard and Fanger have performed in making the most mysterious portion of the poem suddenly so much more accessible, and in so attractive a form. And while future commentators will probably want to work up their own translations, we will all still owe a debt to Echard and Fanger for confronting Gower's Latin verse as a whole and for the many solutions to particular difficulties that they offer. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 2.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Echard, Siân, trans., Fanger, Clare, trans. Published Echard, Siân, trans., and Fanger, Clare, trans.. "The Latin Verses in the Confessio Amantis: An Annotated Translation." Medieval Texts and Studies, 7 . East Lansing, MI: Colleagues Press, 1991 Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Latin Verses in the Confessio Amantis: An Annotated Translation. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Colleagues Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Situates Gower's Latin writing within the trilingual culture of late 14th-century England and within the traditions of Anglo-Latin writing. The authors point out that Gower's choice of unrhymed elegiac couplets for VC represented a return to a somewhat old-fashioned practice. VC's focus on politics and history is typical of Anglo-Latin writing of the time, and the "public" quality of the work distinguishes it from the more personal CA and MO. Most of VC attempts rather typically to summon historical evidence in support of the author's moral and political views; the "Visio" and CrT, however, offer a more exceptional re-creation of historical events. The "Visio," the authors note, also has important debts to vernacular literature. [PN. Copyright. The John Gower Society. JGN 24.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Rigg, A. G. Moore, Edward G Published Rigg, A. G. and Moore, Edward G. "The Latin Works: Politics, Lament and Praise." In A Comanion to Gower. Ed. Echard, Siân. Cambridge: Brewer, 2004, pp. 153-64. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Vox Clamantis Cronica Tripertita Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Latin Works: Politics, Lament and Praise Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Brewer, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review From 1377 until his death, Gower wrote prolifically in Latin, especially to articulate his complex political views (341). His composite work VC (1377-81) has advice for the new King Richard II and also revisions expressing disillusionment with his rule (343-45). Highly intertextual, the VC has been explored as a "cento" as well as a work with a subtext calling out guilty persons in allusive terms (346-47). Written to justify the usurpation, the CrT is of course propaganda but also "heartfelt" (349) and skillfully composed (348-49). With their variety of topics, the short poems in Latin "resist uniform treatment" (349) but are increasingly acknowledged for their literary merit (349-50). Latin poetry and prose within the CA contribute to "the interplay of voices that is part of the Confessio's compositional strategy" (350). [LBB. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 37.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Meindl, Robert J. Published Meindl, Robert J. "The Latin Works." In Ana Sáez-Hidalgo, Brian Gastle, and R. F. Yeager, eds. The Routledge Research Companion to John Gower (Oxford and New York: Routledge, 2017), pp. 341-54. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Cronica Tripertita Minor Latin Poetry Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Latin Works. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review From Behrend's abstract: "This dissertation examines the pervasive presence of Latin in later medieval English literature: the Latin glosses and quotations, the Latinate vocabulary, the code-switching between Latin and vernacular languages, and the translations between them that make up many Middle English literary works. I argue that, whereas the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries are usually understood to mark a great surge in English-language literary production, this literature in fact imagines itself to be formed in relation to Latin rather than in place of or as distinct from it . . . . I show that Latin and vernacular fundamentally co-constitute several of the Middle English works most circulated by medieval readers and most studied by modern scholars, including John Gower's Confessio Amantis, William Langland's Piers Plowman, Nicholas Love's Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ, and John Lydgate's Life of Our Lady. . . . I argue that Gower, Langland, Love, and Lydgate turn to the form of translation because it promises ethical solutions to the animating problems of their respective projects. Following an opening consideration of Geoffrey Chaucer's fictional framing of Troilus and Criseyde as translatio studii, chapter one explores how the simultaneity of Latin and English 'versions' in Gower's Confessio contributes to a bilingual historiography that comprehends the contingency of historical change." Subsequent chapters treat works by Langland, Love, and Lydgate, identifying in them and in CA a "shared ambivalence toward institutional and purportedly unmediated languages alike--a bilingual ethics and aesthetics as relevant today, in view of anglophone hegemony and monolingual nationalism, as in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries." [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Behrend, Megan. Published Behrend, Megan. "The Latinity of Middle English Literature: Form, Translation, and Vernacularization." Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Michigan, 2022. Restricted access; abstract available at https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/174649 (accessed January 27, 2023). Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Latinity of Middle English Literature: Form, Translation, and Vernacularization. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Generally even-handed assessment of Gower as a poet. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Joachums, M. C. Published Joachums, M. C. "The Legend of the Voice from Heaven." Notes and Queries, New Series 11 (1946): 44-47. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Legend of the Voice from Heaven. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's best poem is the VC, for its careful use of detail; Gower is moral and somewhat pedestrian; Gower and Chaucer were friends; Gower was a moralist. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gardner, John. Published Gardner, John. The Life and Times of Chaucer. New York: Knopf, 1977, pp. 16-17, 18, 59, 117, 128, 130, 136, 164, 225, 238, 249, 253, 255, 294. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Vox Clamantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Life and Times of Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Blades, William. Published Blades, William. The Life and Typography of William Caxton. 2 vols. London: Joseph Lilly, 1861-1863, I, 34, 64, 72-73; II, 139-43. Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confessio Amantis Review Details Caxton's work in 1483, including description of his edition of CA, in technical terms; also contains a list of certain manuscripts and their locations. [RFY1981]. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Life and Typography of William Caxton. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-1863 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This publication of a new biography of Chaucer by one of our foremost medievalists ought to be of major interest to Gower scholars as well. Pearsall's work will be compared most often to Donald Howard's (see JGN 7, no.1), which is often cited in his new biography, not always in disagreement. (John Gardner's biography is referred to only once, and dismissed as "licentiously fictional" [p.4].) Where Howard worked hard to establish connections between Chaucer's life and his writing, to the point of using Chaucer's writing as evidence of how he thought, Pearsall keeps the two sources of our knowledge about the poet distinct. He gives a careful weighing of the documentary evidence, and is generally impatient with speculations that cannot be supported by the record, while his discussion of Chaucer's major works is mostly critical in nature, and though necessarily brief, could be read profitably apart from the biographical context in which it is placed. He also creates a very different view of Chaucer's "personality" – somewhat less genial, less tolerant, even a little less wise and less sure of his own opinions than the received view of the poet, a more complex and more interesting reading of the "man," in part because it is less familiar and also therefore less predictable. As a result of his method, Pearsall ends up giving much less attention to Gower than Howard did. He cites, of course, the known facts: the grant to Gower of power of attorney in 1378, Chaucer's and Gower's mutual references in their poetry. But where Howard had a great deal to say about their attitudes and responses to one another, based mainly on the perceptible differences between their works, Pearsall is nearly silent on their personal and literary relationship, and offers no speculations on what their friendship might have meant for their respective poetic careers. He summarizes the evidence for their "quarrel," but concludes that "it may well be a fiction" (pp. 131-33); he notes the possibility that LGW and CA may have been begun in a spirit of "friendly competition" (pp. 195-96); and records the speculation that Chaucer might have borrowed his manuscript of Trivet's Anglo-Norman Cronicles from his friend (p. 242). Otherwise, his references to Gower, like those to Langland and the Gawain-poet, are generally comparative in nature, and are sometimes used to support assertions about Chaucer that cannot be documented directly. Gower's statement about his youthful composition of songs in French (MO 27340-41), for instance, is quoted in the discussion of how Chaucer's earliest writings were also probably in French (p. 64), though typically, the evidence that either composed for a Puy is labeled "not very convincing" (p, 316, n.7). And a bit more remarkably, Pearsall uses the vision in VC Book 1 as an expression of Chaucer's as well as Gower's attitudes towards rebellion, before proceeding to a discussion of the differences between the ways in which they embodied their views in their poetry (pp. 145-47). [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 13.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Pearsall, Derek Published Pearsall, Derek. "The Life of Geoffrey Chaucer: A Critical Biography." Oxford: Blackwell, 1992 ISBN 1557862052 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Life of Geoffrey Chaucer: A Critical Biography Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Blackwell, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography of Gower, including quotation from Leland (1709). [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Lewis, John. Published Lewis, John. The Life of Mayster Wyllyam Caxton, of the Weald of Kent: The First Printer in England. London, 1737, pp. 79-81. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Life of Mayster Wyllyam Caxton, of the Weald of Kent: The First Printer in England. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1737 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Apparently contains material from CA, Book 5; volume unobtainable. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor More, Brookes, ed. Published More, Brookes, ed. The Life, Works, and Approof of Ovid, Gathered Out of his own Works, and the Relations of Divers Faithful Authors, in Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses. Boston, 1923, vol. 2, vii-xxxiii. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Life, Works, and Approof of Ovid, Gathered Out of his own Works, and the Relations of Divers Faithful Authors. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1923 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Notes that Gower makes ample use of the mode of veniality satire developed by the eleventh century, particularly in the VC, following earlier models in conservative fashion. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yunck, John A. Published Yunck, John A. The Lineage of Lady Meed: The Development of Medieval Veniality Satire. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1963, pp. 262-65, 298. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lineage of Lady Meed: The Development of Medieval Veniality Satire. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Olsen, Alexandra Hennessey. Published Olsen, Alexandra Hennessey. "The Literary Impact of the Pun in Middle English Literature." In Geardagum: Essays on Old and Middle English 7 (1986): 17-36. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Review Despite the more general import of its title, this article is almost entirely concerned with puns in the "Confessio Amantis," both in their own right, and as a "framework for the discussion of puns in medieval texts in general" (21), and Ricardian poetry in particular (18). Olsen begins by noting the deficiencies in previous scholarship that her study is meant to address: the mere presence of puns has been under-recognized in Ricardian poetry, as well as the potential "literary artistry" of the pun (17), as well as the sophisticated literary artistry of Gower (18). The skillful play on "foal/fool" at CA VIII.2407--"Olde grisel is no fole"--is her first example to the contrary. As a "grisel/gray horse," Amans is no longer a "foal," and thus, as echoed by the pun, he is no longer eligible to play the "fool" (18-19). The pun on "beste/beste" ("best" and "beast") was well established in Middle English, as witnessed by its appearance in the anonymous lyric "Foweles in the Frith" (19). Per Olsen, Gower uses it to resonate with his theme in "The Tale of Florent" (CA I.1740-41), where the hideous crone has the semblance of a "beast" (23), but in a triumph of "truth/troth" over mere "perception," she turns out to be the "beste" of women and speaker of the "truth" that Florent most needs to hear (23). Olsen proceeds to review the "pun theory" of earlier critics, allowing her to distinguish between the "simple pun" (22), a homonym with two or more meanings, both of which fit the syntax and significance of the context, and more complex types of puns, some aimed at more subliminal appreciation by the reader (19-23). All of these types she finds to be skillfully deployed in the CA, as they enhance the larger themes of their context within the single tale, the book, and the poem as a whole (22). In "The Tale of Acteon," using a common English pun also prominent in Chaucer's "Book of the Duchess," Acteon's willful "mislok"--a misdeed of the "Herte/heart"--has him changed into a "herte/hart," with fatal consequences (23-24). In a more complex play on words, Genius describes the sin of sacrilegious lovers with the warning "so nyh the weder thei wol love" (CA V.7048). As explained by G. C. Macaulay, this is a nautical metaphor meaning "so near the wind [so out of bounds] will they luff [steer the boat]," with the meaning "love" ruled out in Middle English by the rhyme with "glove." However, per Olsen, the near-homonym does awaken the moral association with misplaced "love," as well as the "voyage of life" as a topos connecting the poem as a whole (25), perhaps without the reader's full awareness of the double meaning. Olsen proceeds to analyze the subtle artistry of puns and near-puns in the CA, including "bote/bot/remedy/boat" in "Appollonius" (VIII.639), "salve/salve/salve/ greeting" (26), "povere/pouer" (in Langland as well as Gower, 27), more puns in "Florent" ( on "clepeth," "Mone," and "bridel," 27-28), wordplay throughout Book IV (especially on Slowthe and "spiede/speed, success," 28-30), and "wise/wise" throughout the poem (30-31). These help to make the CA "a complex network of themes and associations" that is "more than the sum of its parts on both narrative and linguistic levels" (31). [LBB. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.2] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Literary Impact of the Pun in Middle English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Theiner argues first that the Peasants' Revolt was not an isolated incident of violence in the fourteenth century, and then provides a short overview of how Gower and Froissart viewed the events. Gower is a "mirror of his age" (304) and so in the VC he defends the hierarchical order by turning the rebels into animals. These unnatural transformations (the animals are really monsters) lead to poetry that is neither beast-fable nor successful narrative (305). When the vision then turns into allegory, the references to the fall of Troy are likewise unconvincing. Many Trojan names "are strewn about pretty much at random, identifying no one in particular, but trying to convince the reader that what he has in front of him is a coherent allegory" (305). The resulting lack of true narrative and causation means that Gower does not really engage with the changes of history (as Froissart does in a limited way) and rather describes the revolt as "a state of being" (306). [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Theiner, Paul Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Published Theiner, Paul. "The Literary Uses of the Peasants' Revolt of 1381." In Actes du VIe Congres de l'Association Internationale de Litterature Comparée. Ed. Cadot, Michel, et al. Stuttgart: Erich Bieber, 1975, pp. 303-306. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Erich Bieber, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Title A name given to the resource The Literary Uses of the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower's couplets become monotonous, but he tells an honest, "unvarnished" tale, and can still "be read with pleasure." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Entwistle, William J. Gillett, Eric Published Entwistle, William J., and Eric Gillett. The Literature of England, A.D. 500-1942. London: Longmans, Green, 1943, p. 21 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Literature of England, A.D. 500-1942. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Wharton "examines how some Middle English writers bring the conventions of estates literature together with an emerging and evolving 'literature of sovereignty' and thereby identify the individual as both a political subject and a target of regulatory authority" (abstract, n.p.). She argues that notions of self-governance found in legal works, especially Henry Bracton's "De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae," reflect English ideas of royal responsibility for social and political order and, in turn, affect understanding and development of political subjectivity for individual members of the traditional three estates. Trained as a lawyer as well as a literary scholar, Wharton reads literary texts alongside legal discourse for ways that they "flatten out the hierarchical or categorical relations among the estates into a series of fungible metonymies for an underlying public obligation that seems to bind everyone equally, and in doing so bring the individual subject to the forefront as a target for regulation and a potential agent of reform" (101-02). She adds nuance to traditional uses of estates material in literary criticism and aligns the estates literature with efforts to define legal responsibilities of king and subject alike, considering Chaucer's "General Prologue" and "Man of Law's Tale," Langland's "Piers Plowman," Wycliffite discourse, "Dives and Pauper," Hoccleve's "Regiment of Princes," and others. In her treatment of "Confessio Amantis," Wharton considers its status as a mirror for princes, its engagement with estates satire, the Tale of Constance, the relation of Book VII to the whole, and the rededication from Richard to Henry--all as evidence of a developing concern with individual sovereignty in civic as well as moral affairs. [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Wharton, Robin. Published Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Georgia, 2009. vi, 302 pp. Fully available via https://openscholar.uga.edu/record/7013?ln=en&v=pdf (accessed February 23, 2026). Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Literature of Sovereignty in Late Medieval England. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography of Gower. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Winstanley, William. Published Winstanley, William. The Lives of the Most Famous English Poets. London: Samuel, 1687, pp. 18-22. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lives of the Most Famous English Poets. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1687 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Biography of "Sir John Gower" and description of his tomb, with comments on the three books of the tomb, with quotations from the wall paintings and Epitaph. Includes a brief quotation from CA Book II, 291-99, and an error-ridden list of ten works besides those "already mentioned." [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Cibber, Theophilus. Published Cibber, Theophilus. The Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and Ireland to the Time of Dean Swift. London: R. Griffith, 1753, I, 20-23. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and Ireland to the Time of Dean Swift. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1753 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Shelley, Percy V. C. Published Shelley, Percy V. C. The Living Chaucer. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1940, pp. 11, 25, 92, 169, 170, 175, 184, 185, 268, 302. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Review Gower was a moralist and a reformer, unlike Chaucer, who kept his poetry "above" moral indignation; compares Gower's "Tale of Lucrece" to Chaucer's versions the "Legend of Good Women"; argues that LGW was written prior to CA; compares the use of Ovid by Gower and Chaucer; says Gower's poetry "plods." [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Living Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Sharma refers sparingly to Gower in this study, although he does cite the "Tale of Apollonius" several times in his reading of "The Man of Law's Prologue and Tale." Differences among Gower's, Trevet's and Chaucer's versions of the Constance narrative help Sharma to show how the entanglement of the Man of Law in the motif of incest even as he seeks to detach his narrative from it exemplifies "the Chaucerian principle of unintended consequences" (110) which rebound on the narrator, who "actually seems to enjoy the oppressions" Custance endures (113). More generally, Sharma gives something of a new twist to the dismissiveness of the traditional label of Gower as "moral." Asserting that he has "no desire to insist on any stark opposition between Chaucer as ludic ironist and Gower as didactic moralist," Sharma makes clear that Chaucer is no less moral than Gower, although he finds the latter to be more pessimistic than his fellow poet. When setting out to clarify Chaucer's use of paradox, Sharma briefly contrasts it with Langland's use of enigma and then explores "some significant points of diffraction" between the CT and the "Confessio Amantis," regarding both "as sustained meditations on the nature of love" (24). In a swift description of hierarchical, analogical love in the CA, Sharma tells us the poem "supplies us with a double perspective on love: On the one hand, 'sub specie aeternitatis' love is an element subordinated within God's providential regulation of the cosmos; on the other hand, ' for mortals, love is a force that can never be internally regulated. Love may submit to the authority of divine reason, but it rebels against the authority of human reason. Human existence in the 'Confessio,' at least after a fantasmatic golden age, is thus inherently disordered" (27). Chaucer, Sharma tells us in the following paragraph, "finds a radically different way to articulate order, disorder, and love" in the CT, where "reality . . . is hierarchical and anti-hierarchical at the same time." Gower sees only a "metaphysical abyss" between "divine necessity" and "human contingency," while, in Chaucer, "God strictly determines us to be absolutely free" (28) and the poet's "charitable hermeneutic" (30) serves as a bridge across the abyss Sharma sees in Gower. [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Sharma, Manish. Published Sharma, Manish. The Logic of Love in "The Canterbury Tales." Toronto: Toronto University Press, 2022. x, 395 pp. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Logic of Love in "The Canterbury Tales." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Echard questions the continuing critical focus on Gower's long poems and consequent "dismissal of [his] talents" (246) by many scholars; she draws attention to Gower's variety of forms and inclusion of "moments of short within the long" (247), such as prayers, letters, and other self-contained verbal episodes in "Confessio Amantis." She analyzes in detail some of Gower's shorter Latin verse, such as "O Deus immense" and "Ad mundum mitto," noting in these Gower's "self-reflexive exploration of voice" (258). "O Deus immense" returns to themes of kingship, and especially the king's responsibility to uphold the law, that Gower treats at much greater length in his long Anglo-French poem, "Mirour de l'Omme." "Ad mundum mitto" refers to the poet's vast corpus as a "mirror" and associates it with his Gower's self, by a "sequence of strong stresses and 'm' sounds" around the Latin word "mea." This "turning the mirror on the poet himself" (259) thus recalls the mirror that Venus holds up to Amans at the end of the CA: another interplay of short and long forms. [MPK. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Echard, Siân. Published Echard, Siân. "The Long and the Short of It: On Gower's Forms." In John Gower in England and Iberia: Manuscripts, Influences, Reception. Ed. Ana Sáez-Hidalgo and R. F. Yeager. Publications of the John Gower Society X. Cambridge, UK: D. S. Brewer, 2014. Pp. 245-60. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Minor Latin Lyrics Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditatntis) Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Long and the Short of It: On Gower's Forms. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Quejigo, Grande Javier, Francisco Santano Moreno, Bernardo Published Quejigo, Grande and Javier, Francisco and Santano Moreno, Bernardo. "The Love Debate Tradition in the Reception of Gower's Confessio Amantis in the Iberian Peninsula." Disputatio 5 (2002), pp. 103-126. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Confessio Amantis Review The authors address the appearance of CA in Portuguese and Castilian--the unique instance of the translation of an English poem into either language in the Middle Ages--by demonstrating how the Confessio fits into the tradition of works intended for the education of the nobility in the Iberian peninsula in the thirteenth through fifteenth centuries. They use as their principal points of comparison the Arcipreste de Hita's Libro de Buen Amor and Don Juan Manuel's Conde Lucanor. The external evidence that all three works responded to the same educational and cultural need is the presence of both Spanish texts in the library of King Duarte of Portugal, who also owned the only surviving copy of the Portuguese translation of the Confessio. The internal evidence consists of the similarities in form and theme and in their assimilation of Latin and vernacular models for educational purposes. All three make use of narration within a frame. The Libro de Buen Amor consists of a dialogue between a dejected lover and Amor into which the author has inserted a series of exempla and discussions of moral topics. Many of the exempla are drawn from Ovidian sources, and they are typically preceded by a passage of doctrinal exposition and followed by a brief moral explanation, as in the Confessio, and they include both positive examples and exempla ex contrario, the procedure that Gower follows in presenting Amans as guilty of the wrong sort of love in his poem's conclusion. The exempla in El Libro de Buen Amor are more evenly balanced between the disputants than in CA, however. In its use of the confession frame CA is closer to the Conde Lucanor, which also incorporates moral exempla but within a question and answer structure that is more typical of works intended for the education of nobles. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 23.2] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Love Debate Tradition in the Reception of Gower's Confessio Amantis in the Iberian Peninsula Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This translation of the "Confessio Amantis" finally brings to the contemporary English reader a complete version of Gower's poem in Modern English verse. The only prior translation of the CA was Terence Tiller's 1963 Penguin edition, which summarized as much as it versified the poem. The enormity of translating the entire CA perhaps caused many others to think less about a subsequent book's portability and more about its parkability. However, Carter and Gastle's is a manageable single volume with a clear and friendly two-column format per page. Their translation tries to keep Gower's octosyllabic line, if not his rhyme or word order, to achieve "clarity and contemporary presentation over form" (xxx). The elegance of their translation captures the poet's inventiveness, profundity, and occasional grumpiness. Footnotes contain Andrew Galloway's translations of the Latin rubrics as well as explanatory notes for lines or passages. Three Appendices appear at the back: Appendix A contains the Ricardian Recensions (the main text uses the Third Recension); Appendix B is a glossary of names and their locations in the poem; Appendix C lists the sources and analogues of the CA. This book will cast a long shadow, especially when enjoyed by a sunny window. [CEB. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gastle, Brian, trans. Carter, Catherine, trans. Published Gastle, Brian, and Catherine Carter, ed. and trans. The Lover's Confession: A Translation of John Gower's Confessio Amantis, Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, 2024. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lover's Confession: A Translation of John Gower's Confessio Amantis, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Excellent prose translation of VC and CrT, with valuable introduction and notes. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Stockton, Eric W., trans. Published Stockton, Eric W., trans. The Major Latin Works of John Gower. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1962. Unrestricted access to full text at https://vdoc.pub/documents/the-major-latin-works-of-john-gower-the-voice-of-one-crying-and-the-tripartite-chronicle-9bhq1oossn40. Accessed June 22, 2022. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Cronica Tripertita Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Major Latin Works of John Gower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Galloway is interested in the importance of gratitude to late medieval notions of religious faith and particularly of social relations. For contrast, he begins with the early medieval concept of gift-giving as a way for a ruler to earn both loyalty and praise. With the thirteenth century, he detects a shift from the benefit to the giver to the obligation of gratitudo, itself a scholastic coinage which for Aquinas embraces "religious reverence, familial and social loyalty, and more casual obligations" in one continuum (p. 369). Aquinas' "careful ranking of relationships of servility and lordship" implies a "kind of idealization of the system of feudalism." Vincent of Beauvais defines a duty to repay benefits with interest, "a direct use of the ethic in support of a profit economy," and gives a fuller description of the evils of ingratitude. The discussion of Gratitude is especially prominent in 14th-century England. In his Summa praedicantium, Bromyard discusses Ingratitude as a subspecies of Avarice, and describes it as a violation of the natural order. The latter notion finds special resonance in ME, in which both "kynde" and "unkynde" carry a double meaning linking the natural with the moral. "By blending nature with reciprocation, Middle English 'kyndenesse' shifts religious and social bonds away from hierarchy and towards affinity, and the exploitation of these lexical possibilities may easily be aligned with the many distinctive late medieval forms of community or corporate identity in which reciprocation and close affinity or ideas of such affinity cohere" (p. 374). Ricardian writers in particular pass beyond aristocratic emphasis on real kinship and religious writers' emphasis on humans' debt to God to a wider concept of reciprocal social duties. Gower, in MO, treats Ingratitude in the tradition of Bromyard. "Unlike Bromyard, however, Gower is led to a close consideration of the interaction of different social groups or levels rather than any religious obligation" (p. 376). Galloway also notes that Gower's conclusion to the discussion of Ingratitude in MO (6673-85) seems to be "informed by the double meaning of Middle English 'unkynde,' even though the pun cannot directly emerge in the French" (p. 377). In CA, however, "kyndeness" does not provide "a simple key to social unity and morality" (p. 377). The tale of "Adrian and Bardus" "emphasizes the inevitability, the 'naturalness,' of social differences rather than any naturalness in the workings of gratitude. . . . The principal of gratitude finally invoked is the only hope for harmony between the disparate social realms of country, city, and court that Gower contemplates, but this principle is imposed by imperial fiat" (p. 378). Langland makes "perhaps the most ambitious effort to stretch this idea to contain a vast and diverse English community" (p. 379). Galloway emphasizes the neglected implications of Gratitude in Langland's use of "Kynde," and concludes that "in his willingness to pursue the 'natural' or 'given' bases of communities of exchange broadly considered, [Langland] manages to present in 'kyndenesse' a capacious notion of cultural identity that depends neither on authoritarianism (like that of Gower's Emperor) nor even on the unity of the institutional church" (p. 381). Galloway's general conclusion notes the "varying concepts of community" implicit in the different writers' discussions of Gratitude. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 15.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Galloway, Andrew Published Galloway, Andrew. "The Making of a Social Ethic in Late-Medieval England: From Gratitudo to 'Kyndenesse'." Journal of the History of Ideas 55 (1994), pp. 365-83. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Making of a Social Ethic in Late-Medieval England: From Gratitudo to 'Kyndenesse' Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography .and assessment of works Author/Editor Author/Editor Crawshaw, William H. Published Crawshaw, William H. The Making of English Literature. New York: Heath, 1907. Rev. ed., 1924, pp. 56, 60-62, 73, 76, 463, 487, 488. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Making of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1907 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Theiner compares Chaucer's "Man of Law's Tale" with Gower's Tale of Constance, not to determine any specific influence or borrowing, but to argue that the apparent complexity of Chaucer's story is largely due to the Man of Law's method of "arranging the narrative in such a way as to remove or confuse the natural, unobtrusive explanations for the events in the story" (179). This obfuscation then allows the Man of Law – a would-be literary critic – to ask pedantic questions about motivation and causation and to offer longwinded explanations and digressions. This tendency, much like the Man of Law's predilection for including every possible genre of narrative in his tale, is absent from Gower's much more straightforward narrative. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor Theiner, Paul Published Theiner, Paul. "The Man of Law Tells his Tale." Studies in Medieval Culture 5 (1975), pp. 173-179. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Man of Law Tells his Tale Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review David suggests that throughout the CT Chaucer "is dramatizing the difficulties of a poet who writes for a small and opinionated audience" (219). In the Man of Law's fragment (Part 2 of CT), Chaucer responds to the sentiment that some of the early tales have too much of "solaas," and not enough of "sentence." The Man of Law embodies these kinds of critics, who are "well-meaning, but misinformed, pedantic, and dogmatic" (219). More precisely, the Man of Law "speaks for Gower" (220), something that is evident from the resemblances between them, namely "the legal training, the sententious manner, and, most important, the didactic aesthetic" (220). Of course, the Man of Law ceases to speak for Gower when he mentions the stories about incest in the CA, but here the joke is on the Man of Law, "who only makes himself seem ridiculously prudish in professing to be more moral than the moral Gower" (220). David further suggests that while the Man of Law makes his tale as dignified and moral as possible, he is generally a man of appearances only, who ultimately prefers respectability over morality. It is this attitude that exposes his essential shallowness and highlights the true nature of his poetics. [CvD] Author/Editor Author/Editor David, Alfred Published David, Alfred. "The Man of Law vs. Chaucer: A Case in Poetics." PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 82.2 (1967), pp. 217-225. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Man of Law vs. Chaucer: A Case in Poetics Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review On Gower-Chaucer relations; broaches the well-used argument that the Man of Law pokes sharp fun at Gower, and his words represent a form of literary criticism. Also examines connections between tales shared by the CA and "The Legend of Good Women." [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Brown, Carleton. Published Brown, Carleton. "The Man of Law's Headlink and the Prologue of the Canterbury Tales." Studies in Philology 34 (1937): 8-35. [RFY1981]. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Man of Law's Headlink and the Prologue of the Canterbury Tales. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Chaucer had two sources for Man of Law's Tale, Gower's tale of Constance, and Gower's source, the version of the story in Trevet's "Chronicles." Most earlier studies (notably Block's) have simply assumed that Trevet was Chaucer's principal source, and have credited Gower only with a few small details that Trevet does not provide. A fairer consideration of the three texts side by side not only restores some of the importance of Gower's version, but also yields a very different picture of how Chaucer set about composing MLT. The basic story, of course, is identical in all three versions. In his choice of details, Chaucer can often be found turning from one source to the other, suggesting that he had MS copies of each before him as he worked. The most general difference between Gower's version and Trevet's is that Gower's is much shorter and more carefully focused: it is Gower who first raises Constance herself above the background of the chronicle account of her life, and who first emphasizes the pathos of the story. Gower also found a way of sharpening the focus of each episode, and of providing a memorable image or picture where Trevet was scattered or diffuse. In all these respects Chaucer consistently followed Gower's model, and it appears that both in the way that he visualized the story and in his general strategy for presenting it, it was Gower's tale rather than Trevet's that Chaucer chose to retell. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 11.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Nicholson, Peter Published Nicholson, Peter. "The Man of Law's Tale: What Chaucer Really Owed to Gower." Chaucer Review 23 (1991), pp. 163-181. ISSN 0009-2002 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Man of Law's Tale: What Chaucer Really Owed to Gower Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Penn State University Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Provides a remarkable gathering in one place of what can be said about the appearance, format, arrangement, contents, illustration and decoration, production, ownership, and readership of the MS copies of Gower's works. Pearsall writes not only from long and intimate acquaintance with the books that he describes but also with characteristic sympathy for the scribes. The handlist of Gower MSS on pp. 74-79 will now be our basic point of reference until the appearance of the much awaited "Descriptive Catalogue," forthcoming under Pearsall's editorship. [PN. Copyright. The John Gower Society. JGN 24.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Pearsall, Derek Published Pearsall, Derek. "The Manuscripts and Illustrations of Gower's Works." In A Companion to Gower. Ed. Echard, Siân. Cambridge: Brewer, 2004, pp. 73-97. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Manuscripts and Illustrations of Gower's Works Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Brewer, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower never rhymes uninflected adjectives with inflected forms. [RGY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Donaldson, E. Talbot. Published Donaldson, E. Talbot. "The Manuscripts of Chaucer's Works." Derek Brewer, ed. Geoffrey Chaucer: Writers and Their Background. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1975, p. 97. Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Manuscripts of Chaucer's Works. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Pérez-Fernández examines the use of language in the poem itself, in its original form and in the Portuguese and Castilian translations, as Gower's multilingual work became (somewhat ironically) monolingual as the translators either ignore or translate into their vernaculars the Latin apparatus that accompanies Gower's English text. The manuscripts in which the two translations are contained also add another type of apparatus, in the form of a detailed table of contents, constructed from the marginal summaries to the tales. Pérez-Fernández considers some of the puzzles posed by these indexes (in the Portuguese version, the table is in Spanish, though the surviving Spanish translation is based on the Portuguese), but she is most concerned with the alteration of the experience of reading the poem, as Gower's role both as learned auctoritas and as commentator is reduced with the loss of Latin and the reduction of the glosses to mere summaries, and his role as compiler is heightened, as the dialogue frame is de-emphasized and the stories themselves assume greater prominence. [Copyright. The John Gower Society. JGN 32.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Pérez-Fernández, Tamara Published Pérez-Fernández, Tamara. "The Margins in the Iberian Manuscripts of John Gower's Confessio Amantis: Language, Authority and Readership." ES: Revista de Filología Inglesa 33.1 (2012), pp. 29-44. ISSN 0210-9689 Gower Subject Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Language and Word Studies Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Margins in the Iberian Manuscripts of John Gower's Confessio Amantis: Language, Authority and Readership Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Quotes Gower for evidence that few wrote in English in late-fourteenth century England. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Gwynn, Stephen. Published Gwynn, Stephen. The Masters of English Literature. London: Macmillan, 1904, p. 4 Gower Subject Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Masters of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1904 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The essay begins by reconstructing the medieval view of neuroanatomy and cognition as inherited from Galen and illustrated in medieval and early modern diagrams, four of which are reproduced in the text. In medieval cognitive theory, the brain has three ventricles: first, the "imaginatio" (or "fantasia") forms an image based on input from the eye. Second, the "imaginativa" uses images from the first cell to create a "performative materialization," that is, a "staging" of multiple mental scenarios along with a sense of their meaning--this lively process is called "multiplication of species." The third is the storehouse of memory which also contains the "membrorum motiva," a link to intention and bodily motion (8-12). Other diagrams connect the brain to the heart (with music having the ability to bypass the brain) and provide for a "custos" (force of habit) that regulates cognition (13-17). All of these concepts are key to understanding the CA, where the sense of sight--both for good and ill--is the chief route of access to heart and mind and the entryway for love (17-18). While Amans obsessively stokes his "imaginative" with remembered images of the lady (19-20), Nectanabus generates visual stimuli to manipulate the performative faculties of Olympias, his target for seduction (21). Acting directly on the heart, music promotes peace and awakens Apollonius from despair (24-25), while a darkly parallel progress--from eye to "fantasia" to heart to members--brings on a disastrous coupling and death for Canace at the hands of her heartless father (25-29). In the "Tale of Three Questions," however, "all three ventricles are at peace with each other and their audience, through Peronelle's careful staging and balanced regulation" (31). [LBB. Copyright. John Gower Society. JGN 36.2]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Peck, Russell. Published Peck, Russell. "The Materiality of Cognition in Reading, Staging, and Regulation of Brain and Heart Activities in Gower's 'Confessio Amantis.'" In Russell A. Peck and R. F. Yeager, eds. John Gower: Others and the Self. Publications of the John Gower Society XI (Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2017) pp. 7-31. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Materiality of Cognition in Reading, Staging, and Regulation of Brain and Heart Activities in Gower's "Confessio Amantis." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Cubie distinguishes three different motifs that contribute historically to the medieval understanding of caritas, and finds the predominant motif in CA is neither agape nor eros but the fulfillment of God's law. Directed by Christian P. Zacher. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 7.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor McMackin Cubie, Genevieve Published McMackin Cubie, Genevieve. "The Meaning of Caritas in John Gower's Confessio Amantis." PhD thesis, Ohio State University, 1987. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Meaning of Caritas in John Gower's Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987 Type The nature or genre of the resource Thesis NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The exemplar of incest in Confessio Amantis is provided by Venus and Cupid; key tales demonstrate the destruction that follows incest or the union with God that follows the transcendance of incestuous passion. Incest is used by Gower as a "microcosmic symbol of society's decay"; Amans is led by Genius to reject the incestuous model of Venus and Cupid. [JGN 12.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Donavin, Georgiana Published Donavin, Georgiana. "The meaning of incest in the 'Confessio Amantis'." PhD thesis, University of Oregon, 1992. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The meaning of incest in the 'Confessio Amantis' Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Type The nature or genre of the resource Thesis NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "In this study, 'satire' is not used in any modern sense, but in the classical and mediaeval sense: satire is a specific body of poetry founded in ancient Rome and developed in Western Christendom during the Middle Ages. Indeed, much recent scholarship on Roman satire has rightly taken pains to distinguish between the formal satire of the Roman poets Lucilius, Horace, Persius, and Juvenal on the one hand, and, on the other hand, that variety of post-Renaissance literature named 'satire' for want of a more appropriate literary category. That distinction is preserved here, for it is an objective of this study to investigate, without reference to twentieth-century literary prejudices, the nature of satire in the Middle Ages. There is a fundamental justification for this approach. We are familiar with the boundaries and conventions of classical, renaissance, and modern literary genres thanks to the assiduity of generations of scholars; but little corresponding work has been undertaken on mediaeval literary genres. Once it is known what mediaeval scholars and writers understood by the noun 'satura' ('satire,' sometimes spelt 'satira' or 'satyra') and the adjective 'satiricus' ('satirical;' used as a substantive to mean 'satirist'), it will be possible to identify mediaeval satirical works. Once sufficient mediaeval satires have been identified, it will be possible to form an estimate of the mediaeval satirical tradition. None of this can be achieved by applying modern generic definitions to mediaeval literature. My purpose in the following pages is threefold. First, by investigating the way in which the classical satires of Horace, Persius, and Juvenal were studied in the schools during the Middle Ages, I hope to reconstruct the mediaeval definition of satire. Second, I propose to identify and classify works which, by reference to prevailing contemporary critical theory, can be shown to be the true mediaeval successors to Roman satire. Third, I intend to apply the findings to the works of three major English poets writing in the second half of the fourteenth century: Gower, Langland, and Chaucer." (Abstract shortened by UMI.) [eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Miller, Paul Scott. Published Miller, Paul Scott. "The Mediaeval Literary Theory of Satire and Its Relevance to the Works of Gower, Langland, and Chaucer." Ph.D. Diss. Queen's University, Belfast 1982. DAI 51(4): 1222A. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Mediaeval Literary Theory of Satire and Its Relevance to the Works of Gower, Langland, and Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Fox, George G Published Fox, George G. "The Mediaeval Sciences in the Works of John Gower." Princeton: Princeton UP, 1931 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Review Fox compares Gower's scientific knowledge to that of his contemporaries and finds him wanting. For instance, Chaucer shows "eager curiosity and extensive learning in the sciences" (156), whereas Gower is more of an amateur. Gower's scientific passages have the feel of a popular encyclopedia (like the "Tresor"), for which one needed only a "literary facility, the ability to express one's thought in pleasing fancy" (157). At times Gower explains his subject matter quite well (e.g., alchemy), whereas at other times he is out of his depth. In fact, Gower's astrology is particularly poor and there is "no reason to believe that Gower could have used an astrolabe or cast a horoscope" (156). In chapter one (titled the introduction), Fox reviews Gower's general attitude to science. Gower sees all knowledge as aiming for a better understanding of God. This also leads him to connect science with a broad understanding of "kinde" as both nature and kindness. For the CA this means that Gower closely examines sexual desire, and while he finds its fulfillment in marriage, he is not a prude (8). The chapter ends with a discussion of fortune. Fox concludes that Gower is not fatalistic, but that fortune is "a manner of speech with Gower, a convenient phrase for an element of human experience" (15). Chapter two deals ostensibly with the theory of the microcosm, but in actuality covers a great variety of topics, from Gower's views on hermaphroditism to the four complexions of man. Fox also discusses medieval superstitions that result is in such areas of pseudo-science as physiognomy. Not surprisingly, medieval medicine has a tendency to be secretive, something that is reflected in the titles of books like the "Secretum Secretorum." Chapter three (titled "The Microcosm") deals primarily with Gower's discussion of the elements in CA 7. Fox shows that Gower does not always understand his source, Brunetto Latini, as when he accidentally forgets the doctrine that God created the universe "ex nihilo." Despite his limited knowledge, Gower does borrow also from other sources (e.g., Vincent of Beauvais) and Fox spends considerable time explaining technical terms like "intersticion" and "impressions." Chapter four covers astrology, a subject that overlaps with astronomy. Fox points out that while writers like Aquinas believed that the stars and the moon exert a controlling influence on human beings (especially on their senses), the intellect remains in principle free from direct influence. While Gower spends considerable time on astrology (e.g., he gleans not only from Brunetto Latini, but also from the more obscure Alechandrus on the mansions of the moon), he ultimately vindicates free will by using "arguments that are anti-astrological and non-scientific" (93). The remaining chapters cover dreams, alchemy, and magic in quick succession. Gower seems to have been ignorant of scientific discussions of dreams, and based on biblical narratives like the story of Nebuchadnezzar, he accepts that dreams sometimes foretell future events. Gower's discussion of alchemy in CA 4 assumes that transmutation of base metals into gold is theoretically possible although he does not hold out much hope of anyone actually doing it. Finally, Gower's references to magic are not very specific, and he likely had no specialized knowledge. [CvD]. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Mediaeval Sciences in the Works of John Gower Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Princeton UP, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Cary's study of medieval Alexander the Great narratives remains the foundational resource for all further work on the subject. He traces the historical and legendary Alexanders, Occidental and Oriental, from ca. 200 B.C. (Pseudo-Callistenes) through the fifteenth century A.D. His comments on Gower's sources and uses of Alexander appear variously, in relation to multiple texts. He attributes "Alexander and the Pirate" (CA III. 2363-437 to Augustine ("City of God" 4.4), citing Gower's moralized use of the story (97), and elaborates subsequently, noting that Gower's moral is "the necessity of self-control," which, Cary suggests, Gower connects with an anti-war theme: "Alexander conquered all the world; he let his will go beyond his reason; but in the end he was poisoned, and what did his unreasonable wars avail him then?" (254). The Diogenes story (III. 1201-1330), which makes a similar point about following reason over will, Cary attributes to a source modeled on Valerius Maximus, but supplemented by another, "possibly from Walter Burley" (253-54). He notes that Dindimus' critique of Alexander (V. 1453-96) "is supported by the brief narration of the legendary story of Alexander and Candeolus" (V. 1571-85) in which both enter a cave where Alexander "felt the presence of the gods, and conversed with Serapis" 254); of Candace, mother of Candeolus, Gower gives a brief reference, "probably borrowed from the 'Roman de toute chevalerie'" (254). Gower "tells with evident pleasure the story of the adultery of Nectanabus" and comments "that sorcery did not help him or save him from death" at Alexander's hand (255). Cary finds "typical of the period that Gower has Callisthenes and Aristotle teach [Alexander] "Philosophie, Entenden, and Astronomie" rather than "fencing and fighting" (255). Book VII, Cary says, is "based on the Secret of Secrets" (255). [RFY. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 40.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Cary, George. Ross, D. J. S., ed. Published Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, ,Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Medieval Alexander. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower seems to know a great deal about astrology, and uses its vocabulary accurately and extensively in the CA, primarily to make religious points. He may have been the first in English to define astronomy and astrology with their modern denotations, condoned magic when used for a good purpose, was probably not interested in legal aspects of judicial astrology, and knew the French version of the "Secretum Secretorum" and perhaps the Latin "Secretum Astronomiae." [RFY1981; MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Wedel, Theodore Otto. Published Wedel, Theodore Otto. The Mediaeval Attitude toward Astrology, Particularly in England. Yale Studies in English, no. 60. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1920, pp. 76n, 104-05, 113, 116, 122, 132-42, 147, 153. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Medieval Attitude toward Astrology, Particularly in England. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Braswell's concern is the penitential tradition in history, theology, and literature. In chapter 3, she points out that Gower "selected as a framework the confessional itself, based the character of Genius on that of the model confessor, and put Amans in the position of the 'the learner' (the penitent)." Braswell then investigates Gower's use of penitential manuals, to show how the structure and content of these manuals influenced the structure of his work. Much of the dialogue between Genius and Amans parallels the questions and answers found in mid-fourteenth century penitential namuals. [PN. Copyright the John Gower Society. JGN 5.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Braswell, Mary Flowers Published Braswell, Mary Flowers. "The Medieval Sinner: Characterization and Confession in the Literature of the English Middle Ages." London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1983 ISBN 0838631177 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Medieval Sinner: Characterization and Confession in the Literature of the English Middle Ages. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Associated University Presses, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Uses passages from MO 16837-48 and VC 659-62 as examples of moral poetry employing pearls as virginity symbols. Author/Editor Author/Editor Luttrell, C. A. Published Luttrell, C. A. The Medieval Tradition of the Pearl Virginity. Medium Aevum 31 (1962): 194-200. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Mirour de l'Omme (Speculum Meditantis) Vox Clamantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Medieval Tradition of the Pearl Virginity. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Coulton, G. G. Published Coulton, G. G. The Medieval Village. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1931, pp. 181, 186-87, 212, 215, 235ff., 248, 259, 273, 296, 447, 512, 523. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Review Uses Gower's works as historical evidence to show what people in the fourteenth century "really thought" about such topics as "equality," "hunting parson," "peasants," etc. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Medieval Village. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1926 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Richard Hill was a merchant active in London in the early years of the Reformation. His book is Oxford, Balliol College MS 354, "an extensive and varied collection of texts, relating to medicine, household management, business interests, and the practices of Christian religion" along with fourteen tales from the "Confessio Amantis" (32). In four of these--what Harper calls "The Poor Leper" (i.e., "Dives and Pauper"), "Adrian and Bardus," "Constantine and Sylvester," and "King Midas"--Harper identifies "an ongoing discussion regarding the precise value of charity for religious purposes," a virtue she associates with Catholicism (32). Hill purposely altered what he excerpted in various ways (e.g., removing the framing conversation of Genius and Amans) with the intent, Harper argues, "of using these texts for spiritual guidance" (33). Specifically, Hill was a rich man seeking to secure a heavenly afterlife through acts of charity, the theme Harper finds running throughout Gower's tales, suggesting their interest to Hill. However, "during the time that Hill's book was written, charity and other 'good works' were starting to become disassociated from salvation." Thus, "while the majority" of the CA tales here "suggest that he saw the value of using charity as a means of preparing for death, they do not present an unambiguously orthodox Catholic position, but rather an idiosyncratic take on a centuries-old problem that was a mainstay of traditional Catholicism" (43). [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Harper, Alison. Published Harper, Alison. "The Merchant Richard Hill and His Book: Using 'Confessio Amantis' Tales to Negotiate the Spiritual Marketplace in Henrician London." In Kristin M.S. Bezio and Scott Oldenburg, eds. Religion and the Early Modern British Marketplace (Abingdon: Routledge, 2021). Pp. 32-49. Gower Subject Influence and Later Allusion Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Merchant Richard Hill and His Book: Using "Confessio Amantis" Tales to Negotiate the Spiritual Marketplace in Henrician London Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Meindl is the English translator of Maria Wickert's "Studien zu John Gower" (1953), which, among other things, offered the first important critical analysis of Gower's VC. As he prepares a second, revised edition of his translation, Meindl offers here an essay that is part reminiscence (of his 1970 visit to Wickert's husband), part biography (of Wickert's career and the writing of her ground-breaking work), and part criticism, as he situates her work in the devastation and national self-analysis that followed Germany's defeat in World War II. The portion of Wickert's book that is still cited most often is her careful disentanglement of the different layers of composition of the VC. Meindl is more interested, however, in the reasons that she chose to write about the work and in the passages that she chose to single out for special attention, which stem, he argues, from Wickert's perception of the similarities between the setting in which Gower wrote and her own. "Like Gower, . . . Wickert had survived a time in which men had behaved like beasts, a nation that had long considered itself the heir of ancient Rome had been, like Troy, devastated, and, to use a metaphor often employed also by post-war German poets, a land and its institutions had been battered by a storm of epic proportions. Severe historical trauma led in the immediate post-war period to an investigation of the national psyche that insisted upon the acceptance of responsibility both collectively and individually" (13). Wickert, Meindl speculates, would have found Gower's blame of his nation's leaders, his weighing of individual responsibility for the calamities of his time, and his emphasis on penance and redemption particularly resonant with her own and her nation's experiences, and he credits her with "one small piece" (27) of her nation's recovery. [PN. Copyright. The John Gower Society. JGN 32.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Meindl, Robert J Published Meindl, Robert J. "The Message of the Ruins: Reading Devastation." Interdisciplinary Journal for Germanic Linguistics and Semiotic Analysis 18 (2013), pp. 13-19. ISSN 1087-5557 Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Message of the Ruins: Reading Devastation. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Bolton, W. F., ed. Published Bolton, W. F., ed. The Middle Ages. Sphere History of Literature in the English Language, vol. 1. London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1970. pp. ix-xxxvi. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Review A general introduction to literature in England during the Middle Ages, in which Gower's name appears as a contemporary, friend, and competitor with Chaucer, Langland, etc. Points out that Gower puts himself in his poetry as a character, that he includes his name in certain poems (unspecified) in the cryptic pattern of Cynewulf. [RFY1981] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Middle Ages. Sphere History of Literature in the English Language, vol. 1. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In this survey, Whitehead describes Middle English lyrics before Chaucer, emphasizes his innovative uses of French courtly "formes fixes" in English, and assesses interactions among courtly, religious, and liturgical material in ME lyrics generally. Her brief comments on Gower (336-37) have a small place in her account: she treats him (along with Hoccleve, Lydgate, and, at somewhat greater length, Charles d'Orléans) as one of Chaucer's "Successors" (334) in his use of "formes fixes"--the ballade in "Cinkante Balades" and "Traitié pour Essampler les Amantz Marietz". Like Chaucer, Whitehead observes, Gower "draws extensively" on his French predecessors, "transposing lines from their poems into his own oeuvre," but unlike Chaucer, "whose reworkings tend to stay broadly within the ideological [courtly] parameters of his models," Gower uses his ballade sequences "to mount a wholesale attack on the immorality of 'amour courtois,' condemn extra-marital liaisons, and celebrate the goodness of love within marriage" (336), quoting from CB 49 as an example. Whitehead tentatively attributes Gower's "return to French" (as opposed to Chaucer's use of English? Gower's own English in "Confessio Amantis"?) to, perhaps, "disillusionment with the Ricardian court . . . and his increasing interest in the political claims of Henry of Lancaster," but opts instead for agreeing with R. F. Yeager (2005) that Gower was motivated to "compete with" Chaucer and his French contemporaries. Further, Whitehead comments "[w]here Chaucer had written ballades in elegant triptychs, Gower . . . set them to work on an altogether larger scale." [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Whitehead, Christiania. Published Whitehead, Christiania. "The Middle English Lyrics in Their European Context." In Raluca Radulescu and Sif Rikhardsdottir, eds. The Routledge Companion to Medieval English Literature. Milton: Routledge, 2022. Pp. 332-44. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Cinkante Traitié pour Essampler les Amantz Marietz Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Middle English Lyrics in Their European Context. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review A balanced study of the CA, in relation to rhetorical, courtly, and theological traditions. The "middel weie" is stylistic and existential, functioning not only as a directive for the practicing poet, but also for practicing believers attempting to bring peace to their souls and to the world. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Schmitz, Goetz. Published Schmitz, Goetz. "The Middle Weie": Stil- und Aufbauformen in John Gower's Confessio Amantis. Bonn: Grundmann, 1974. Gower Subject Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Middle Weie": Stil- und Aufbauformen in John Gower's Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower as an example of a "vein of pessimism," discoverable in medieval thought; uses scholastic methods of structure; argues that Chaucer's "Troilus" was written prior to 1377 because Gower seems to allude to it in the MO. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Tatlock, J. S. P. Published Tatlock, J. S. P. The Mind and Art of Chaucer. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1950. Reprint. New York: Gordian Press, 1966, pp. 19, 27, 51. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Mind and Art of Chaucer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This new volume is really two editions in one. Since "In Praise of Peace" arises out of very much the same political and biographical circumstances as the majority of Gower's short Latin poems, no one will object to the juxtaposition, but since the two parts have different editors, they will be treated separately here. The "Minor Latin Works," which occupy about two-thirds of the volume, include "De Lucis Scrutinio," "Carmen super multiplici viciorum pestilencia," and the poems such as "O Deus immense," "Ecce patet tensus," and "Rex celi deus," which we are accustomed to seeing referred to by their opening words since they do not bear titles in the MSS; plus Gower's prose colophon, "Quia unusquisque," and "Eneidos Bucolis," which the headnote in the MSS attributes to "quidam Philosophus." (In his headnote, Yeager points out that Macaulay prints the poem among Gower's other works while also conjecturing that it was written by Ralph Strode. Yeager himself presents the best case for believing that it was actually written by Gower, but he places it in an Appendix.) The fifteen poems (including "Eneidos Bucolis") range in length from 4 lines to 320, and they are of varying interest. But they are complete, and now, since in addition to Stockton, Echard and Fanger, and Wilson, we also have Andrew Galloway's translations of the complete Latin apparatus to the Confessio in Peck's new three-volume edition, almost everything that Gower wrote in a language other than English is now available in English (we lack only the shorter French works, the Traitié and the Cinkante Balades), and those of us who have resisted the effort now have no excuse for remaining unfamiliar with these last bits and pieces of Gower's work. Yeager's text is based on the same MSS as Macaulay's, and in the passages I checked, it is virtually identical, except for editorial punctuation, the use of indentation, Yeager's use of boldface to indicate the larger capitals, and the rendering of u and v. The greatest difference from Macaulay's edition is that where his predecessor printed the poems in the order in which they normally appear in the MSS, Yeager has chosen to present them in the order of composition, as best this can be determined. He acknowledges the necessity of some uncertainty here (pp. 9-10), but the effort is consistent with the invitation that virtually all of these poems make to read them with reference to some specific event, either in English history or in the life of the poet. The translations, which appear en face of the Latin text, are meant to be useful to the largest possible number of readers. Yeager makes no effort to imitate the poetic qualities of the original, nor does he resort to prose: he does his best to translate the text line by line (though that's not always practical; cf. "Carmen" 13-14), but not word by word or by preserving Latin grammatical structure at the expense of English. Thus "Carmen" 1-2, "Non excusatur qui verum non fateatur, / Ut sic ponatur modus unde fides recolatur" becomes "He who does not confess the truth is not excused / From finding a way to act in good faith." The emphasis is on preserving the sense but in such a way as to direct the reader's attention back to the Latin whenever possible. It's a good compromise, and while the translator can't hope to please everyone all the time (I myself have a couple of very small quibbles), the effect overall is a great success. What truly makes this volume indispensable for any serious study, however, is the apparatus. Compared to Yeager, Macaulay gives these poems amazingly short shrift. There is virtually no notice of them in the prefatory material to volume 4 of his edition of Gower's works, and the notes at the back (which are roughly evenly split among textual notes, explanatory notes, and some comments on sources) occupy less than five pages. Yeager provides an excellent seven-page introduction, describing the stylistic qualities of Gower's Latin verse, placing these poems among Gower's other works, justifying their importance both as historical documents and for what they can tell us about the poet, and providing a brief but detailed account of the events leading up to Richard II's deposition and death that provide the setting in which most of these poems were written. He also provides 32 closely packed pages of notes. There he gives answers to every basic question about the text, the metrical form, the thematic structure, the sources, and the best guess for the date of each of these texts, plus explanations of the historical allusions and citations of similar passages in Gower's other works. Some of this information is drawn, of course, from the work of other scholars, who are duly cited. Yeager also preserves the most useful of Macaulay's notes, though he can also be found taking polite issue with him from time to time. Not all of the notes will be required by all users: the explanation of the Great Schism, for instance (p. 56, note to "De Lucis Scrutinio" 4), is clearly intended for students rather than scholars, consistent with the purposes of the series in which the volume appears. But Yeager is everywhere judicious and each note has a discernible value to some likely reader of this book, and most (such as his full account of the Biblical allusions in the poems) will, like his translations, be welcomed by professional users as well as by those we teach. "In Praise of Peace" is neither as inaccessible nor as poorly known as the shorter Latin works: Macaulay includes the 385-line poem in the second volume of his edition of the Confessio, his edition is sound and has an adequate if not extensive apparatus, and the poem is, after all, in Middle English rather than Latin. It has also received its fair share of comment, particularly from those who have been concerned to trace Gower's political allegiances during the last decade of his life. Livingston's task is rather different from Yeager's, therefore: there is much less basic work to be done, and he thus uses his new edition as an opportunity to offer his own detailed critical reading of the poem. The text poses few problems: there is only the Trentham MS plus Thynne's not very good 1532 print. For the comparison between MS and print Livingston refers the reader to Macaulay's notes (p. 105). His own textual notes (p. 133) are few: they include 12 instances in which he has chosen to follow the MS where Macaulay followed Thynne, 17 instances in which he has rejected Macaulay's emendation, and 4 other notes of miscellaneous character. Most of Livingston's differences from Macaulay are very minor and amount to little more than the inclusion or omission of a final -e. Livingston has also introduced some silent emendations of his own, consistent with the practice of the TEAMS series: for instance, thee for the (to distinguish the pronoun from the article; e.g. lines 3, 92) and for to in place of forto (e.g. lines 7, 33 – one of the very features for which Macaulay took Wright to task for his edition of the poem: Works 3.551). Like Peck, in his edition of CA, Livingston consistently transcribes yogh as g, even where y would almost certainly be more appropriate (e.g. give, line 190); and he also introduces modern capitalization (God, Y) and punctuation. The biggest differences from Macaulay in the presentation of the text, however, are in the inclusion of glosses to the "hard" words (he evidently anticipates readers with virtually no familiarity with Middle English) and in the numbering of the stanzas. Livingston has also included a much fuller apparatus: 16 pages of introduction and another 13 of notes, both of which are set into even greater relief by Yeager's comparative restraint. The introduction in particular reads more like a critical essay than like a guide to the study of the poem, as Livingston seeks to overturn some of what he terms the "simplistic reductions" of earlier criticism (p. 90). There is certainly abundant precedent (Peck may again have been the model here), but the result does tend to overwhelm the poem. Livingston argues that "In Praise of Peace" proceeds "in careful, logical steps" (p. 94) and that its division – into nine marked sections plus an additional stanza – has a numerological significance that is closely related to its theme; and as proof of its "subtle craft" (p. 101), he presents a detailed, four-page summary of the poem, section by section. His argument certainly deserves to be read, and while it may not fully overcome the impression that, like much of Gower's moral and political writing, the compendiousness of "In Praise of Peace" is organized more by free association than it is by logic, it will have served its purpose if it forces us to take a closer look at the poem. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 26.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Yeager, R.F., trans. Livingston, Michael, trans Published Yeager, R.F., trans. and Livingston, Michael, trans. "The Minor Latin Works." Middle English Texts Series . Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, 2005 ISBN 9781580440974 Gower Subject In Praise of Peace Minor Latin Poetry Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Minor Latin Works Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Medieval Institute Publications, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gower is more politically concerned than Chaucer, at least judging from the evidence in the poems; Chaucer more capable than Gower of imaginative flights, but Gower the steadier craftsman. [RFY1981] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hussey, S. S. Published Hussey, S. S. " The Minor Poems and the Prose." In W.F. Bolton, ed. The Middle Ages. Sphere History of Literature in the English Language, vol. 1 (London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1970), pp. 230, 258, 259. Gower Subject Backgrounds and General Criticism Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Minor Poems and the Prose. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review "In the later Middle Ages, a wide variety of writers and readers collected texts, assisted by developments in manuscript production and the emergence of compilatio as an intellectual category. In turn, these collections influenced writers as aesthetic models and as vehicles for the circulation of texts. . . . . I argue for the miscellany's aesthetic importance as the essential material condition of vernacular literature before the introduction of printing. . . . Chapter 3 reads Gower's Confessio Amantis as an attempt to redress the fragile miscellaneity of the human body. Gower eventually came to rely on the collection of his own work in manuscript as a monumental substitute for his own body." [JGN 23.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Shuffelton, George Gordon Published Shuffelton, George Gordon. "The miscellany and the monument: Collecting in Chaucer, Gower, and Langland." PhD thesis, Yale University, 2002. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The miscellany and the monument: Collecting in Chaucer, Gower, and Langland Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Type The nature or genre of the resource Thesis NonPeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Dingley examines the survival of the story of Philomel in medieval and Renaissance English literature, particularly the attempts to reconcile the Ovidian tradition of Philomel's rape and transformation with another tradition, deriving from Provençal verse, in which the nightingale is the harbinger of spring and the wakening of love. Chaucer, in "Legend of Good Women," omits the transformations of Ovid's version, and thus eliminates the association between Philomel and the nightingale, which elsewhere in his work is linked to love and springtime. Gower is the first author that Dingley has found who faces the inconsistency directly and tries to achieve some sort of reconciliation. Gower downplays the vindictive roles of both Philomel and Procne in order to shift all of the blame onto Tereus; and in portraying Philomel as a virtuous victim, he invents an entirely original reason for her silence in winter and her joyful song in spring (CA 5.5985-88): ashamed and unable to hide while the trees are bare, she is joyful that her sorrow is hidden when the leaves return--a paradox that according to the poet recalls the mixed joy and pain of love. Gower ``seems here to be infiltrating elements of the courtly tradition of the nightingale as harbinger of love in order to counterbalance and temper the morally bare conclusion of the Ovidian narrative'' (p. 80). [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 11.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Dingley, R. J. Published Dingley, R. J.. "The Misfortunes of Philomel." Parergon 4 (1986), pp. 73-86. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Misfortunes of Philomel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review In Chapter 4, "Interlude: Nebuchadnezzar's Dream," Zayaruznaya explores the idol made of gold, silver, bronze and steel from Nebuchadnezzar's Dream in Daniel 2. As Zayaruznaya explains in the introduction to this chapter: "A cultural history of Nebuchadnezzar's statue has yet to be written" [142]. Despite its brevity, this chapter takes important steps in that direction. Tracing the images of the statue from biblical commentaries through Dante and Deguileville, Zayaruznaya offers a concise account of the image's history that supplements Russell Peck's much earlier "John Gower and the Book of Daniel" (1989). The core of this chapter thoughtfully juxtaposes Gower's vision of the statue in the CA with both Vitry's "Cum statua/Hugo" and Machaut's "Remède de Fortune." Although Zayaruznaya declares that "[it] is not the aim of this study to establish any definite links between Gower and the musical works of Machaut and Vitry," [171] the specific parallels between Gower's poetry and the work of Machaut and Vitry are compelling. "Hugo," she argues, "is split--like Fortune, like the statue, like mortal man in Gower's scheme--between opposites. Like the world, he began good and got worse; like the statue, he stands divided" [171]. Likewise, she argues, regarding CA Pro.935 and lines 876-80 of the "Remède": "In addition to the borrowed theme of Fortune, the "Confessio amantis" is linked to the "Remède" by a rhetorical device": anaphora [168]. Zayaruznaya, Gower, Vitry, and Machaut's "interpretations stand aside from Italian and French poets who use it as a more positive and sometimes even a stable symbol. The decision to cast it in a negative light thus becomes exactly that: a decision, rather than a mechanical retelling of a Bible story," [172]. As scholars continue to expand critical understandings of Gower's relationship to his French peers, Zayaruznaya's contribution illuminates a particularly significant point of intersection and, perhaps, exchange. [ZS. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 37.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Zayaruznaya, Anna. Published Zayaruznaya, Anna. The Monstrous New Art: Divided Forms in the Late Medieval Motet (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), pp. 142-72. ISBN 9781107039667. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Monstrous New Art: Divided Forms in the Late Medieval Motet. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Biographical sketch of Gower, summarizing earlier commentary; engraving of his tomb, with description. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Blore, Edward. Published Blore, Edward. The Monumental Remains of Noble and Eminent Persons, Comprising the Sepulchral Antiquities of Great Britain. London: Harding, Lepard, 1826, pp. 1-16. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Monumental Remains of Noble and Eminent Persons, Comprising the Sepulchral Antiquities of Great Britain. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1826 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Taylor's primary focus in "The Motives of Reeds" is Chaucer, particularly the Wife of Bath's invocation of the story of Midas in her prologue. The story of Midas--and the broader network of invocations of Midas--provides a means to explore Chaucer's relationship to the classical tradition as a vernacular poet; Taylor is especially interested in the story's implications for understanding Chaucer's notion of "translatio auctoritatis" in relation to Ovid. After an overview of the Ovidian version of the Midas story, Taylor examines medieval receptions of Midas in Gower, Machaut, and Jean de Meun. For Ovid, artistic self-consciousness is key to the narrative; Midas gets his infamous ears as a punishment for judging against Apollo in a piping competition, and when Midas's servant whispers this truth into the marshy ground, it is the reeds that grow there that make the story public. Thus, the story--and its transmission--draw attention to the challenges of speakers and hearers in oral and aural transmission: the audience and the speaker often take away different meanings. Chaucer's changes to this tale, making the barber/servant into Midas's wife, is often used to position the Wife of Bath as a bad reader; however, reading this version of Midas alongside others suggests alternative possibilities. Gower tells of Midas and the famous golden touch, but he ends his version not with Midas the fool, as in the "Ovide Moralisé," but with a reasonable Midas tempted by gold but in the end repentant. Gower thus loosens the hold of the commentaries on this narrative interpretation, engaging in a long tradition of discursive appropriation. From here, Taylor moves to Machaut, whose Midas is linked to Paris as a figure of poor judgment, particularly literary judgment, who favors the wrong kind of vernacular poetry. Chaucer, like Gower, truncates his source's ending, with no reeds spreading the word. Thus, Taylor suggests, the point of Chaucer's references to Ovid is in fact to see transmission and its differences, thus pointing to the fiction of transmission of "The Canterbury Tales" itself and, further, to the tribulations of hearing and mishearing. [KMcS. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 40.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Taylor, Karla. Published In Later Middle English Literature, Materiality, and Culture: Essays in Honor of James M. Dean, eds. Brian Gastle and Erick Kelemen (Lanham, MD.: University of Delaware Press, 2018), pp. 25-41. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Motives of Reeds: The Wife of Bath's Midas and Literary Tradition. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief biography of Gower, characterizing "his whole Work" as "little better than a cool Translation from other Authors"; prints "The Tale of the Travelers and the Angel," CA, II, 291-364. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Cooper, Mrs. [Elizabeth]. William Oldys. Published Cooper, Mrs. [Elizabeth], assisted by William Oldys. The Muses Library; or a Series of English poetry, from the Saxons, to the Reign of King Charles II. London, 1737, pp, 19-22. Also published as The Historical and Poetical Medley; or, Muses Library . . . , etc. London: T. Davis, 1738. Gower Subject Biography of Gower Confessio Amantis Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Muses Library; or a Series of English poetry, from the Saxons, to the Reign of King Charles II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1737 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Trivellini considers four frame-tale "re-mediations" of the Philomela story derived ultimately from Ovid's "Metamorphoses": Margaret Atwood's "Nightingale" in "The Tent" (2006), George Pettie's in "A Petite Pallace of Pettie His Pleasure" (1576), Chaucer's in Legend of Good Women, and Gower's in Book V of "Confessio Amantis," focusing on how analysis of "the 'mise en discours' of the narrative material" (n.p.; quoted from the English abstract, also included in French) reveals "elaborate forms of discursivity that serve a wide range of generic purposes" (99). Concerned more with reception theory than with source study or with the individual works, Trivellini discusses the medieval works last and briefly, focusing on Chaucer's aesthetic concerns and on Gower's ethical ones, describing the "self-aware game with his readers" (96) that she finds in Chaucer's elliptical treatment of the narrative and the pragmatic approach to ethics and the "psychological realism" (97) evident in Gower's relatively vivid characterizations and his emphasis on the generative nature of speech acts. The abused sisters speak more, and more vividly, in Gower than in Chaucer, Trivellini maintains, and Tereüs's punishment is emphatically verbal--ongoing defamation rather than the death (and eating) of his child. To Trevellini, this emphasis on the ethical nature of language underlies much of CA: the "combination of intimate confession and didactic explanation in the exchanges between Genius and Amans finds a parallel in the tale of Philomela, specifically in the sisters' speeches and Genius's detailed explanation of their metamorphoses" (97).] [MA. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Trivellini, Samanta. Published Trivellini, Samanta. "The Myth of Philomela from Margaret Atwood to . . . Chaucer: Contexts and Theoretical Perspectives." Interférences Litteraires / Literaire Interferenties 17 (2015): 85-99. Available at http://www.interferenceslitteraires.be. Last accessed November 9, 2020. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Myth of Philomela from Margaret Atwood to . . . Chaucer: Contexts and Theoretical Perspectives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Harbert, Bruce Published Harbert, Bruce. "The Myth of Tereus in Ovid and Gower." Medium AEvum 41 (1972), pp. 208-214. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Review In the Tale of "Tereus, Procne, and Philomela," Gower "reshapes Ovid's material to his own ends, altering his depiction of character, and the setting and pace of the narrative" (208). He removes most of the horrific elements, as well as the "almost superhuman grandeur of his characters" (208), and stresses instead elements that his own audience could relate to. Some examples include the change from Philomela's cave to a prison, Procne's modern mourning customs, and the detailed picture of domestic affairs that illustrates "the idea of happy married love against which Tereus offends" (209). By making the story less exotic, Gower is able to draw our attention "towards the underlying moral and psychological realities which are his chief concern" (209). Gower's characterization is therefore also different. Procne becomes "a thoughtful, intelligent woman, not one to waste words, not malicious, but nonetheless firm of purpose" (210). Where Procne is practical, Philomela is philosophical. Philomela is also a weaker character than in Ovid and Gower intensifies the pathos of her rape. While the sisters have committed infanticide, "the greater fault is that of Tereus, whose violence began the evil succession of events" (212). Tereus is not a villain from the beginning (as in Ovid), but he eventually becomes a bestial tyrant, lacking in reason. Gower dwells on the metamorphoses of all three characters to sum up his earlier depiction of their inner thoughts and motivations: "Where Ovid had seen only superficial resemblances between the human characters and the birds into which they are transformed, Gower continues to look more deeply into their minds" (213). [CvD] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Myth of Tereus in Ovid and Gower Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Gerber's essay encourages readers to recognize aspects of the intertextuality of the "Confessio Amantis." She describes a medieval "grammar school tradition that interrelated classical narratives with studies of the natural world" (259)--often via commentaries, mnemonics, and diagrams--and "consistently connected mythological narratives to encyclopedic knowledge" (260), arguing that this tradition is the basis of similarities between Gower's poem and medieval encyclopedias. Gerber also aims to affirm the unity of CA, indicating that the inclusion of scientific material in Book VII (especially astronomy and astrology)--often regarded by critics as digressive--is of a piece with, and even derives from, the intertwining of medieval natural science and mythological narrative found in medieval encyclopedias and commentaries. Similarly, elsewhere in CA, the nativity of the Gorgons (I.389-97) amalgamates "planetary and mythological features" (269) in ways that Ovid's original does not; the account of the Chaldeans (5.752-65) interprets "polytheism as natural science" (270); and in the Cephalus account in Book IV, Gower "uses mythological appropriations to develop not only ethical exegesis but also natural science" (272). One thinks also of Chaucer's "Complaint of Mars" and "Knight's Tale" as well as--perhaps--the multilayered meanings of the Pearl-maiden as child, beloved, flower, and precious gem. Amalgamations of ethics, love poetry, and science (especially astral sciences) in Middle English literature are not rare, but connecting them with medieval school traditions and encyclopedias, as Gerber does, helps us to see how broad-based this habit of mind was. However, I think Gerber over specifies things at times, as when she presents the program of illustrations in CA manuscript New York Pierpont Morgan Library, MS M. 126 as something of a direct extension of "schoolboy's training," declaring "that the structure and information that Gower co-opted from his academic training [and replicated in CA] extended beyond grammar school classrooms by the second half of the fifteenth century to appear in at least one aristocrat's library" (284). Declaring in general terms that the starry skies in the manuscript's "miniatures emphasize the relationship between narratives and natural sciences" (278) and that the Arion image in the manuscript "provides a miniature version of the Confessio's amalgamation of natural and narrative compositions" (281-82), Gerber argues for rather direct, causal relations among intertextual features that may be better understood as coexistent phenomena in a stage of intellectual history. [MA. Copyright. The John Gower Society eJGN 40.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gerber, Amanda. Published Gerber, Amanda. "The Mythological Sciences of John Gower, Medieval Classicists, and Morgan MS M. 126." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 40 (2018): 257-88; 6 b&w figs. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Manuscripts and Textual Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Mythological Sciences of John Gower, Medieval Classicists, and Morgan MS M. 126. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Mentions that Gower used Ovid and the tradition of the "Roman de la Rose" in his Tale of Narcissus in CA, Book I, and notes that self-love is not a concern in this tale; does not mention the Tale of Echo in Book V. [RFY1981; rev. MA]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Vinge, Louise. Published Vinge, Louise. The Narcissus Theme in Western European Literature up to the Early Nineteenth Century. Lund: Gleerup, 1967, pp. 45ff., 55, 343n, 359n. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Narcissus Theme in Western European Literature up to the Early Nineteenth Century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Smith's essay is tightly packed, learned, and provocative. His final paragraph summarizes the essentials of his argument: "Gower's and Chaucer's poems both use the household to examine the precarious situation of the cultural past in late fourteenth-century England, and in particular the position that poetry will occupy. For Gower, the household is a space of order and tradition (what he calls 'solitus') that is in danger from within (from the gentry) and without (from the 'rustici'). The threat they pose is general precisely because the household is also an allegory of the rules and expectations that govern Gower's high poetic style in the 'Vox clamantis.' But like all allegories it does not contain the whole story. The noise that troubles it, the murmurings and the 'yhas,' are also a part of the very texture of Gower's poem, and, whether he intends it or not, his poem both records the turmoil around him and forges a way to articulate it, and therefore to find some kind of resolution in it. Yet the 'Vox clamantis' is also a memorial to a kind of poetry that lives only in the past, and that only makes sense when looking toward the past that the present is destroying. Chaucer's poem, on the other hand, imagines the anarchy and the noise of the present as the very sound of the household: the purpose of the Domus Dedaly is simply to reshape, not to control, the noise that comes into it. What resounds as anarchic buzzing returns to earth as a hopeless muddle of truth and lies . . . . For Chaucer, the allegory of the household comprehends the social and political instability of the realm, but reimagines it as the very condition of a poetry that emerges not just in the household that is the realm but in the household of all utterance, even the most banal and quotidian English of the day" (128). [RFY. Copyright. The John Gower Society eJGN 40.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Smith, D. Vance. Published Smith, D. Vance. "The National Allegory of the Household: 'Domus' and 'Lingua' in John Gower's 'Vox Clamantis' and Geoffrey Chaucer's 'House of Fame'." In C. M. Woolgar, ed. The Elite Household in England, 1100-1550: Proceedings of the 2016 Harlaxton Symposium. Donington: Shaun Tyas, 2018. 110-28. Gower Subject Vox Clamantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The National Allegory of the Household: "Domus" and "Lingua" in John Gower's "Vox Clamantis" and Geoffrey Chaucer's "House of Fame." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review White takes issue with a long list of earlier critics who have maintained that Amans' love is "unnatural," either because of his age or because of his implicit impotence. The questions White raises are important for the understanding of Gower's view of Nature as well as for our judgment of Amans. White points to Solomon's presence in the Court of Love (8.2691-96) as evidence that elderly love may be in accord with Nature, even when potency is in doubt. Several other passages indicate that Nature is not to be equated with physical powers, as many have implied, but is instead the susceptibility to love, the urge to sexual activity that operates at all ages and may be irresistible even in those whose powers have declined. Rather than a beneficent and orderly force to which man should properly submit, therefore, Nature may prevent man from conforming to the "natural" requirements of his age, and in other contexts can even be conducive to evil. Amans' love is all too "natural," White concludes, but Amans himself is perhaps not to be blamed. For "Gower does not seem to see the universe as a place considerately arranged so that the man of goodwill shall move reasonably smoothly towards salvation; rather he sees it as a battleground on which man in his weakness must face adversaries immensely superior to him and by no means wholeheartedly committed to his spiritual good" (p. 321). [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 7.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor White, Hugh Published White, Hugh. "The Naturalness of Amans' Love in Confessio Amantis." Medium AEvum 56 (1987), pp. 316-22. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Naturalness of Amans' Love in Confessio Amantis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Bychowski notes that the goal of "Confessio Amantis" is "to bring those excluded and isolated by the presumptions of the world, especially anyone in a wood of suicide, into meaningful and life-giving community discourse" (209). Hence, the CA and the confessional genre of poetry writ large "may be considered a literary and social form by which trans persons would be known and controlled as well as how trans lives came to embody and resist these discursive structures of genre and gender" (209). Narcissus, in particular, is the representative of the trans community in Gower's poem and is the focus of the four sections of the essay: "The Wód of Suicide," "The 'Ymage' of the Nymphs," "The Wonder Hot Day," and "Flowers in Winter." Each section centers on a Middle English keyword: "wód," "ymage," "condiciŏun," and "otherwhiles." In "The Wód of Suicide," Bychowski asserts that Gower's Confessio Amantis has a "necropolitical frame"--that confession is what brings Gower back from the brink of death as he despairs his isolation in a wood of suicide (219). She illustrates the ambiguity of the word "wood" in Middle English, concluding the "wód" is confession's public form, and that the creation of alternative "wóds" allows a space for reclamation. In "Ymage," Bychowski writes, through framing, "'The Tale of Narcissus' turns social presumptions into confessions that reveal certain truths while eschewing others" (228). "Ymage" in this tale sets in sharp relief the social construction of gender: Narcissus recognizes themself as a woman but has been taught not to see themself that way. For Bychowski, precariousness rather than personal vanity is the "condiciŏun" for Gower's iteration of "The Tale of Narcissus": their division from women as a result of patriarchy, the well as potentially a place of reconditioning in which Narcissus can see a feminine self without judgment. Finally, in "Flowers in Winter," Bychowski defines "otherwhiles" as "alternative times and events that play out again and again" and "time[s] beyond rest" (241-42). The slow death of suicide is highlighted in the context of these "otherwhiles," and in so doing, Gower provides a space in which to contemplate liveable and bright trans futures. The essay establishes both significant theoretical terminology (e.g., "trans necropolitics") and social positioning (e.g., "By allowing medieval confession to speak together with trans theory, readers can better see that cultural genealogies of anti-trans sentiment continue to run in the blood of patriarchies and some feminist movements, so-called 'Trans-exclusive Radical Feminists' (TERF), even as these systems of presumption and exclusion take different forms in medieval and post-medieval eras" (216). [JS. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 40.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Bychowski, M. W. Published Medieval Feminist Forum 55 (2019): 207-48. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Language and Word Studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Necropolitics of Narcissus: Confessions of Transgender Suicide in the Middle Ages. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Drawing obliquely on Andrew Galloway's assertion that medieval "social thought was often framed in terms of an economy of need," Gastle examines what must have been Gower's anxiety as a practicing poet in a time when writing poems wasn't an established profession. Gastle frames his argument in economic terms: does a poem qualify as a legitimate artifact of labor? His answer: "The construction of an economic or fiscal identity within his poetry allows Gower to define a new role for poetic work in the changing economies of medieval England; in short, Gower needs 'economy' and mercantile or commercial tropes in order to define his own poetic identity" (128). The essay thus extends Gastle's previous work on Gower's uses of business terminology. In this context, Gastle reads the meeting on the Thames with Richard II and the king's request for "som newe thinge" as a commission to labor--in essence, a business transaction which thereby valorizes the poetic work that becomes the "Confessio Amantis." Gastle bolsters his broader claim with a detailed analysis of Gower's tale "The Trump of Death" in Book I, arguing by way of "lucus a non lucendo" that the King who abases himself before two beggarly pilgrims, is condemned by his court and brother for doing so, and punishes his brother by way of instructing him in humility is actually acting not out of strength but rather out of a particular need (pace Galloway): "The King is interested in using the pilgrims to establish his economic authority as well as his temporal authority, under the guise of his own act of humility" (136). For Gastle, the King temporarily takes on the role of the "other," the impoverished, to show that all have value; simultaneously, by recognizing what he is not, he re-establishes himself as ruler. Gastle equates this process to Gower's acceptance of the commission to produce a good for Richard, ostensibly expecting payment of some kind, as recognition on Gower's part that no "skill or profession is too important, too elevated, or too sacrosanct to be paid for"--which, in Gower's view would be "tantamount to saying that it has no value" (138). Thus, Gastle concludes, Gower's "interaction with economic and mercantile issues . . . are necessary to his project of defining poetic identity and labor" (139). [RFY. Copyright. The John Gower Society. eJGN 39.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Gastle, Brian. Published Gastle, Brian. "The Need for Economy: Poetic Identity and Trade in Gower's Confessio Amantis." In Money, Commerce, and Economics in Late Medieval English Literature. Ed. Craig E. Bertolet and Robert Epstein (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), pp. 127-42. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Biography of Gower Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Need for Economy: Poetic Identity and Trade in Gower's Confessio Amantis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review The list is incomplete and unannotated. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Watson, George. Published Watson, George. The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974, I, 553-56. Gower Subject Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Weiskott, Eric. Published Weiskott, Eric. "The Occasion of John Gower's 'Unanimes Esse.'" Notes and Queries, 69 [267], no. 3 (2022): 192–96. Gower Subject Minor Latin Poetry Biography of Gower Review "Of John Gower's very last writings, almost all of them in Latin verse and politically inflected," Weiskott writes, "the ten-line 'Unanimes esse' is least immediately explicable" (192)--by biographical or political elements, he means. He finds an "unique" tripartite structure to the poem (194), which he believes (following Sebastian Sobecki's claimed identification of the poet's hand in London, British Library Cotton Tiberius A. iv) "Gower himself copied" (194), establishing a date no later than the "mid-1400s" (194, sic), and--obviously--before Gower went fully blind. Weiskott argues that "Unanimes esse" "plausibly reflects the fearful atmosphere surrounding 'De heretico comburendo' and the burning of William Sawtrey in 1401" (195). Lollardy, in short, coupled with fear of another uprising of the commons, motivated "Unanimes esse," making it "a post-script to the 'Carmen super multiplici victorum pestilencia'" (195). Weiskott supports this claim with careful identification of "self-borrowing" between the two poems, although he carefully notes that "the words are not distinctive" and Gower was unlikely to have had them in mind, or a manuscript copy of the "Carmen super" to hand, when writing "Unanimes esse" (196). But reading the two together allows recognition of a "subtle note of disapprobation or at least apprehension directed toward Arundel" in both poems, which possibly explains "why 'Unanimes esse' stays so uncharacteristically coy about its real-world references" (196). [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 43.2] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Occasion of John Gower's "Unanimes Esse." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Lindahl conducts another examination of the similarities and differences among Gower's tale of Florent, WBT, and "The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnall" within his wide-ranging essay on the relations between elite and folk cultures and between oral and written literature in the late middle ages. Gower, "the most secure financially of the three authors, and clearly the most conservative politically, presents an elitist version." Florent is "the most orthodoxly elite of the three leading men." The old woman who gives him the riddle to solve "does so because she realizes that Florent is too nobly connected to be killed by any but treacherous means. In neither of the other tales does there appear a female figure who so clearly symbolizes an attack against basic feudal values." Only in Gower's version is the correct answer that women desire sovereignty in love: Genius suggests both before and after the tale that men must be obedient only in love. Such a reading limits the women's threat to the dominant male, and the loathly lady's revelation that she is a king's daughter "further dispels any hint that she may limit the knight's status." "Florent is a paean to the nobility that Gower served and by whom he was served so well. In its symbolic structure and its glosses, the poem reaffirms that a modicum of deference is all that is required to maintain male dominance." (All on p. 72.) The three versions of the tale demonstrate that the same plot can serve different value systems; they also show the mixing of oral performance and reading in medieval literary culture. It is possible, moreover, that WBT "was intended as a playful inversion of, and as a festive response to the sober clerical cast of Gower's tale" (p. 75). [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 16.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Lindahl, Carl Published Lindahl, Carl. "The Oral Undertones of Late Medieval Romance." In Oral Tradition in the Middle Ages. Ed. Nicolaisen, W.F.H.. Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies (112). Binghamton, NY: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1995, pp. 59-75. Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Oral Undertones of Late Medieval Romance Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Prasad discusses the "nature of complaint" in late-medieval rhetoric, and maintains that "in medieval English poetry . . . complaint is used in two ways: first, it is inserted within a poem as a little oration[;] second, it is also used as a self-sufficient theme for composing a poem." The study identifies "three distinct lines of medieval English verse complaints": "social complaints" (distinct from verse satires), love complaints, and complaints which "mingl[e] . . . various forms of complaint," assessing the "Confessio Amantis" as an example of the latter, with a "point of view [that] is uncertain." When we view CA in light of "medieval English poetry" rather than the "French tradition," we can see that "Gower is the pioneer of the type of the mixed-form of the art, which, later developed as tragi-comedy." Author/Editor Author/Editor Prasad, Prajapati. Published Prasad, Prajapati. "The Order of Complaint: A Study in Medieval Tradition." Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Wisconsin, Madison. Dissertation Abstracts 26.7 (1966): 3930. [eJGN 44.1] Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Influence and Later Allusion Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Order of Complaint: A Study in Medieval Tradition. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Pearsall, Derek Published Pearsall, Derek. "The Organisation of the Latin Apparatus in Gower's Confessio Amantis: The Scribes and their Problems." In The Medieval Book and a Modern Collector: Essays in Honour of Toshiyuki Takamiya. Ed. Matsuda, Takami and Linenthal, Richard A. and Scahill, John. Cambridge: Brewer and Tokyo: Yushodo Press, 2004, pp. 99-112. ISBN 1843840200 Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Manuscripts and Textual Studies Review The remarkable stability of the text and the consistency in choice and placement of the illustrations and in the hierarchy of decoration in the earliest MSS of CA all suggest, Pearsall argues, their derivation from exemplars that had been "meticulously supervised by the author" (100). The consistency of presentation of the Latin apparatus in the same MSS suggests that it too "was in that tradition from the start and derives from the author's copies" (102); and in part because of the unlikelihood that anyone else either could or would have wanted to provide the Latin summaries, Pearsall concludes that these must be attributed to the author himself. In the longest part of his essay, he considers that problems that the scribes faced in incorporating the marginal apparatus, particularly in the instances when a long Latin summary began near the bottom of a column, or in later MSS, when the decision was made to incorporate the summaries into the column of text. Five plates illustrate some typical results of the scribes' decisions and miscalculations. Pearsall offers a broad and sympathetic conclusion that has implications that go beyond the subject of the glosses or of the MSS of CA: "What I have found is that the scribes of the Confessio mostly copy what is in front of them with care and accuracy and occasionally ingenuity but no more effort of thought than is immediately necessary. Where the exemplars or the general instructions for dealing with them are difficult to fol-low, scribes do their best to solve practical problems (sometimes of their own making) in the management of a complex layout, working with little or no supervision, evolving ad hoc expedients but not applying them consistently, trying to reduce the amount of extra work they are asked to do in organising the apparatus, growing exhausted. It is the world of Hard Work that the manuscripts open up to us, of uncomfortable benches and creaky desks, pens in need of repair and ink in need of replenishment, poorlight, strained eyes, strained patience" (112). [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society: JGN 24.1] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Organisation of the Latin Apparatus in Gower's Confessio Amantis: The Scribes and their Problems Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Brewer and Tokyo: Yushodo Press, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book Section PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review As part of her ranging study of depictions of the Orient and its peoples in medieval western romances--reflecting cultural contact through trade, pilgrimage, and crusading--Heffernan comments briefly on Gower's tales of Constance and Apollonius of Tyre, mentioning in passing only the incest motif in the latter (93-94) and dilating in somewhat greater detail on the presence and function of merchants and commerce in the former while comparing Gower's Constance tale with Chaucer's Man of Law's Prologue and Tale and Boccaccio's "Decameron" 5.2. In this discussion Heffernan attends to "curious intersections of mercantilism and faith which reflect the historical reality of the Eastern Mediterranean the Middle Ages" in Chaucer's tale and "less pervasive" ones in Gower's and Boccaccio's analogous accounts, even though those in Boccaccio do reveal "a greater intertextual connection" with MLT "than has been previously recognized" (23). All but ignoring their ultimate source in Trivet's "Chronicles" (mentioned only on p. 27), Heffernan takes for granted similarities between Gower's and Chaucer's versions, and observes several details of emphasis that distinguish Gower's: Constance's father is "[p]erhaps a crusader" and Constance herself a "religious crusader" who "seems worldly" in managing "to achieve conversions while actually trading with merchants" (41)--and when she confronts sexual assault with "ready pluck," more of a "take charge' heroine" (42) than Chaucer's Custance. For Gower, perhaps, it may be that "there was nothing inappropriate about a saintly woman converting merchants while doing business with them" (43)--a characterization, Heffernan surmises, shaped to justify the "clos Envie" of the Sultan's mother and thereby fitted to Gower's book of envy. [MA. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 42.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Heffernan, Carol F. Published Heffernan, Carol F. The Orient in Chaucer and Medieval Romance. Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 2003. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Orient in Chaucer and Medieval Romance. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Brief discussion of CA as a poem in the courtly love tradition, with the "court of love" itself apparent in the framework narrative, particularly in the representation of Cupid and Venus as King and Queen of love. [RFY1981]. Author/Editor Author/Editor Neilson, William A. Published Neilson, William A. The Origins of the Court of Love. Harvard Studies and Notes in Philology and Literature, VI, 1899. Reprint. New York: Russell and Russell, 1967, pp. 138-41, 155, 164. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Origins of the Court of Love. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1899 1967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review This John Gower is not the poet, but a little-known 17th-century schoolmaster of Latin and Greek who "graduated from Cambridge University with a BA in 1632 and an MA in 1636 . . . . " In 1635 "he published a comic poem entitled 'Pyrgomachia,' or the Cowrageious Castle Combat'" (255) and in 1640, under the title "Roman Festivalls," his translation of Ovid's "Fasti." [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society. eJGN 44.1] Author/Editor Author/Editor Newlands, Carole E. Published Newlands, Carole E. "The Other John Gower and the First English Translation of Ovid's 'Fasti.'" Hermathena 177/78 (2004, 2005): 251-65. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Other John Gower and the First English Translation of Ovid's "Fasti." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004, 2005 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Author/Editor Author/Editor Matthews, Ricardo. Published Ph.D. Dissertation. University of California, Irvine, 2016. Open access at https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cz1v5sv (accessed February 2, 2023). Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Traitié pour Essampler les Amants Marietz Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Review From Matthews' abstract: "This dissertation examines a medieval genre that combines narration, in prose or verse, with inserted lyrical poems. . . . [a] 'mixed genre,' whether as a prosimetrum or its all verse variation. . . . [W]ithin the mixed genre, narrative frames surround. . . , song as a locus of subjectivity. . . , [and] I am interested in the form's capacity to suggest, or even stage, the impression of a singular, emotional subject in a variety of works: Chaucer's Knight's Tale, the Tristan en prose, John Gower's Confessio Amantis, Charles of Orleans' two books, one in French and the other English, and Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet." Matthews' discussion of CA (pp.154-210) centers on Gower's "ongoing engagement" (156) with French forms, particularly instances where tensions and clashes recur, whether it be the "mixture" (162) of love with politics, shifts in stylistic registers, the use of "unharmonious and discordant" (176) complaints where we might otherwise find "elegant" dits amoureux, or the disjunction between Amans'/Gower's old age and the enterprise of love which makes "the songs he sings . . . naturally discordant"--"songs ill-suited to the poem's meter" (177), songs which, paradoxically, "reveal an embattled poet, unknown even to himself, inappropriately expecting success in love where none can be" (184). Reading Gower's Traitié for its tensions between ballade form and sober subject matter, Matthews argues further that "the Traitié and the Confessio Amantis form a continuous unity around the kind of poetic identity that the dits amoureux adopt, a poetics of persona that is . . . multiplicitous," (203), a "tangle of perspectives" resulting in a work that is "so unique" that "[u]nlike other prosimetra or mixed verse dits," it "concludes with no true authorial figure emerging from the work." Instead, "[s]ubjectivity becomes submerged into questions of genre--amorous, didactic, political, philosophical--with neither ceding ground to the other" (210). [MA] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Overheard Song: Medieval Lyric in the Mixed Genre. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Like Ovid in his "Metamorphoses," Gower creates comedy in CA by manipulating traditional stories and their presentation. Hiscoe examines the authors' versions of the Ceyx and Alcyone story as examples of their comic, ironic techniques, and argues that Gower was aware of his place in a literary "chain of wisdom," modifying and adapting Ovid methods to the late-medieval context. Where Ovid's alterations of traditional details, tone, and perspective deflate love and thereby encourage readers to "evade rhetorical manipulation," Gower presents Genius as ignorant of the moral and spiritual allegorizations that were part of the medieval interpretive tradition of the "Ovide Moralisé" and, as a result, he depicts his "priest of love" as humorously insensitive to the Christian messages that inform his stories. Indeed, in his version of Ceyx and Alcyone, Genius is guilty of spiritual sloth when he tells the tale merely as an exemplum against Sloth and obscures its message of redemption. [MA] Author/Editor Author/Editor Hiscoe, David W Published Hiscoe, David W. "The Ovidian Comic Strategy of Gower's 'Confessio Amantis'." Philological Quarterly 64 (1985), pp. 367-85. ISSN 0031-7977 Gower Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Confessio Amantis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Ovidian Comic Strategy of Gower's 'Confessio Amantis' Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article PeerReviewed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Beidler's essay expands on the paper of the same title Beidler delivered in London in 2008, at the inaugural Gower Society Congress. His focus is "the striking image of a man hiding like an owl after he marries an ugly old bride" (p. 105) which Gower and Chaucer both include. Chaucer borrows this image from Gower ("Gower's tale both preceded and influenced Chaucer's," p. 108) but, Beidler argues, "Gower and Chaucer make quite different uses of the owl similes in their tales and . . . the simile is more organically integrated by Gower than by Chaucer" (p. 108). Gower compares Florent to an owl that travels by night in order not to be seen with his unattractive bride (p. 110). Florent's shame is of a piece with his entire character as Gower limns it, Beidler shows. "For Florent, it is all a question of hiding his wife--by banishment to an island, by cover of night, by closed doors, by clothing--so that 'noman' can see how he has aligned himself with so ugly a bride. Significantly, the two are wedded not in the daytime, as was typical for a wedding, but 'in the nyht' [CA I.366] (p. 112). Beidler also notes the analogous significance of Florent's choice: for a man so motivated primarily by reputation, to have the world think his wife hideous would be a frightful fate indeed. Chaucer's nameless rapist-knight is "never once . . . said to be concerned about his worldly fame or his reputation among others" (p.114). Moreover, because Chaucer's Loathly Lady accompanies the knight to Arthur's court, to claim her promise when her answer prevails--unlike her counterpart who waits for Florent to return--there is no question of keeping the marriage a secret. "Chaucer's knight's hiding like an owl, then, has nothing to do with concealing either his bride or his marriage . . . . Rather . . . [he] hides like an owl for no other reason than that he wants to avoid having to look at his ugly bride between his morning wedding and the approaching night when he must pay his marital debt to her" (pp. 114-15). Beidler concludes that, because "owls by nature hide during the day to avoid being seen . . . not . . . to avoid having to look at their wives" (p. 115), the simile is less naturally adapted by Chaucer from Gower's more fully complementary original. [RFY. Copyright. The John Gower Society. JGN 30.2] Author/Editor Author/Editor Beidler, Peter G. Published Peter G. Beidler. "Chaucer's Canterbury Comedies: Origins and Originality. Seattle, WA: Coffeetown Press, 2011. Pp 105-15. Gower Subject Confessio Amantis Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Influence and Later Allusion Style, Rhetoric, and Versification Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Owl Similies in the Tale of Florent and the Wife of Bath's Tale. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower Collection GowerType Customized Item type for items in the Gower Database Review Per his title, Edwards tracks owners and records of sale for manuscripts of the CA, primarily from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but also citing, as earliest, documents of sale from 1413, and 1545 (180), and frequently following sales and owners into the twentieth century. The article, which clearly will stand as a cornerstone of investigation into these matters, is entirely names and dates, one after another, and hence impossible to summarize. Edwards is refreshingly content to present this information without theoretical speculation, taking its value qua information for granted. Notable are the footnotes, which in addition to broad-ranging and sometimes obscure--thus quite valuable--bibliography are several suggested additions to provenance of specific manuscripts as stated in Derek Pearsall and Linne R. Mooney, A Descriptive Catalogue of the English Manuscripts of John Gower's Confessio Amantis (2021). [RFY. Copyright. John Gower Society eJGN 41.2.] Author/Editor Author/Editor Edwards, A. S. G. Published Edwards, A. S. G. "The Ownership and Sale of Manuscripts of John Gower's Confessio Amantis in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries." The Library 23 (2022): 180-90. Gower Subject Manuscripts and Textual Studies Confessio Amantis Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Ownership and Sale of Manuscripts of John Gower's "Confessio Amantis" in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022